Tax Reform Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-514)
Tax Reform Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-514)
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- LanguageEnglish
H.R. 3838, Enrolled Bill
An Act
To reform the internal revenue laws of the United States.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) SHORT TITLE.--This Act may be cited as the "Tax Reform Act of 1986".
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.--
TITLE I--INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX PROVISIONS
Subtitle A--Rate Reductions; Increase in Standard Deduction and Personal Exemptions
Sec. 101. Rate reductions.
Sec. 102. Increase in standard deduction.
Sec. 103. Increase in personal exemptions.
Sec. 104. Technical amendments.
Subtitle B--Provisions Related to Tax Credits
Sec. 111. Increase in earned income credit.
Sec. 112. Repeal of credit for contributions to candidates for public office.
Subtitle C--Provisions Related to Exclusions
Sec. 121. Taxation of unemployment compensation.
Sec. 122. Prizes and awards.
Sec. 123. Scholarships.
Subtitle D--Provisions Related to Deductions
Sec. 131. Repeal of deduction for 2-earner married couples.
Sec. 132. 2-percent floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions.
Sec. 133. Medical expense deduction limitation increased.
Sec. 134. Repeal of deduction for State and local sales tax.
Subtitle E--Miscellaneous Provisions
Sec. 141. Repeal of income averaging.
Sec. 142. Limitations on deductions for meals, travel, and entertainment.
Sec. 143. Changes in treatment of hobby loss, etc.
Subtitle F--Effective Dates
Sec. 151. Effective dates.
Subtitle A--Depreciation Provisions
Sec. 201. Modification of accelerated cost recovery system.
Sec. 202. Expensing of depreciable assets.
Subtitle B--Repeal of Regular Investment Tax Credit
Sec. 211. Repeal of regular investment tax credit.
Sec. 212. Effective 15-year carryback of existing carryforwards of steel companies.
Sec. 213. Effective 15-year carryback of existing carryforwards of qualified farmers.
Subtitle C--General Business Credit Reduction
Sec. 221. Reduction in tax liability which may be offset by business credit from 85 percent to 75 percent.
Subtitle D--Research and Development Provisions
Sec. 231. Amendments relating to credit for increasing research activities.
Sec. 232. Extension of credit for clinical testing expenses for certain drugs.
Subtitle E--Changes in Certain Amortization Provisions
Sec. 241. Repeal of 5-year amortization of trademark and trade name expenditures.
Sec. 242. Repeal of amortization of railroad grading and tunnel bores.
Sec. 243. Deduction for bus and freight forwarder operating authority.
Subtitle F--Provisions Relating to Real Estate
Sec. 251. Modification of investment tax credit for rehabilitation expenditures.
Sec. 252. Low-income housing credit.
Subtitle G--Merchant Marine Capital Construction Funds
Subtitle A--Individual Capital Gains
Sec. 301. Repeal of exclusion for long-term capital gains of individuals.
Sec. 302. 28-percent capital gains rate for taxpayers other than corporations.
Subtitle B--Repeal of Corporate Capital Gains Treatment
Subtitle C--Incentive Stock Options
Subtitle D--Straddles
Sec. 331. Year-end rule expanded.
Subtitle A--Agriculture
Sec. 401. Limitation on expensing of soil and water conservation expenditures.
Sec. 402. Repeal of special treatment for expenditures for clearing land.
Sec. 403. Treatment of dispositions of converted wetlands or highly erodible croplands.
Sec. 404. Limitation on certain prepaid farming expenses.
Sec. 405. Tax treatment of discharge of certain indebtedness of solvent farmers.
Subtitle B--Treatment of Oil, Gas, Geothermal, and Hard Minerals
Sec. 411. Treatment of intangible drilling costs and mineral exploration and development costs.
Sec. 412. Modification of percentage depletion rules.
Sec. 413. Gain from disposition of interests in oil, gas, geothermal, or other mineral properties.
Subtitle C--Other Provisions
Subtitle A--Limitations on Tax Shelters
Sec. 501. Limitations on losses and credits from passive activities.
Sec. 502. Transitional rule for low-income housing.
Sec. 503. Extension of at risk limitations to real property.
Subtitle B--Interest Expense
Subtitle A--Corporate Rate Reductions
Sec. 601. Corporate rate reductions.
Subtitle B--Treatment of Stock and Stock Dividends
Sec. 611. Reduction in dividends received deduction.
Sec. 612. Repeal of partial exclusion of dividends received by individuals.
Sec. 613. Nondeductibility of stock redemption expenses.
Sec. 614. Reduction in stock basis for nontaxed portion of extraordinary dividends.
Subtitle C--Limitation on Net Operating Loss Carryforwards and Excess Credit Carryforwards
Subtitle D--Recognition of Gain and Loss on Distributions of Property in Liquidation
Sec. 631. Recognition of gain and loss on distributions of property in liquidation.
Sec. 632. Treatment of C corporations electing subchapter S status.
Sec. 633. Effective dates.
Sec. 634. Study of corporate provisions.
Subtitle E--Other Corporate Provisions
Sec. 641. Special allocation rules for certain asset acquisitions.
Sec. 642. Modification of definition of related party.
Sec. 643. Treatment of amortizable bond premium as interest.
Sec. 644. Provisions relating to cooperative housing corporations.
Sec. 645. Special rules relating to personal holding company tax.
Sec. 646. Certain entitles not treated as corporations.
Sec. 647. Special rule for disposition of stock of subsidiary.
Subtitle F--Regulated Investment Companies
Sec. 651. Excise tax on undistributed income of regulated investment companies.
Sec. 652. Treatment of business development companies.
Sec. 653. Amendments to qualification rules.
Sec. 654. Treatment of series funds as separate corporations.
Sec. 655. Extension of period for mailing notices to shareholders.
Sec. 656. Protection of mutual funds receiving third-party summonses.
Sec. 657. Certain distributions not treated as preferential dividends.
Subtitle G--Real Estate Investment Trusts
Sec. 661. General qualification requirements.
Sec. 662. Asset and income requirements.
Sec. 663. Definition of rents.
Sec. 664. Distribution requirements.
Sec. 665. Treatment of capital gains.
Sec. 666. Modifications of prohibited transaction rules.
Sec. 667. Deficiency dividends of real estate investment trusts not subject to penalty under section 6697.
Sec. 668. Excise tax on undistributed income of real estate investment trusts.
Sec. 669. Effective dates.
Subtitle H--Taxation of Interests in Entities Holding Real Estate Mortgages
Sec. 702. Study of book and earnings and profits adjustments.
Subtitle A--General Provisions
Sec. 801. Limitation on use of cash method of accounting.
Sec. 802. Simplified dollar-value LIFO method for certain small businesses.
Sec. 803. Capitalization and inclusion in inventory costs of certain expenses.
Sec. 804. Modifications of method of accounting for long-term contracts.
Sec. 805. Repeal of reserve for bad debts of taxpayers other than financial institutions.
Sec. 806. Taxable years of certain entities.
Subtitle B--Treatment of Installment Obligations
Sec. 811. Allocation of indebtedness as payment on installment obligation.
Sec. 812. Disallowance of use of installment method for certain obligations.
Subtitle C--Other Provisions
Sec. 902. Interest incurred to carry tax-exempt bonds.
Sec. 904. Repeal of special reorganization rules for financial institutions.
Sec. 905. Treatment of losses on deposits or accounts in insolvent financial institutions.
Subtitle A--Policyholder Issues
Sec. 1001. Repeal of exclusion for interest on installment payments of life insurance proceeds.
Sec. 1003. Denial of deduction for interest on loans from certain life insurance contracts.
Sec. 1004. Deduction for nonbusiness casualty losses covered by insurance allowable only if claim filed.
Subtitle B--Life Insurance Companies
Sec. 1011. Repeal of special life insurance company deduction.
Sec. 1012. Repeal of tax-exempt status for certain organizations providing commercial-type insurance.
Subtitle C--Property and Casualty Insurance Companies
Sec. 1021. Inclusion in income of 20 percent of unearned premium reserve.
Sec. 1022. Treatment of certain dividends and tax-exempt interest.
Sec. 1023. Discounting of unpaid losses and certain unpaid expenses.
Sec. 1025. Study of treatment of property and casualty insurance companies.
Subtitle D--Miscellaneous Provisions
Subtitle A--Pensions and Deferred Compensation
Sec. 1102. Nondeductible contributions may be made to individual retirement plans.
Sec. 1103. Spousal deduction allowed where spouse has small amount of earned income.
Sec. 1106. Adjustments to limitations on contributions and benefits under qualified plans.
Sec. 1107. Modifications of section 457.
Sec. 1108. Special rules for simplified employee pensions.
Sec. 1109. Deductible contributions permitted under section 501(c)(18) plan.
Sec. 1112. Minimum coverage requirements for qualified plans.
Sec. 1113. Minimum vesting standards.
Sec. 1114. Definition of highly compensated employee.
Sec. 1115. Separate lines of business; compensation.
Sec. 1117. Nondiscrimination requirements for employer matching contributions and employee contributions.
Sec. 1118. Benefits treated as accruing ratably for purposes of determining whether plan is top-heavy.
Sec. 1119. Modification of rules for benefit forfeitures.
Sec. 1120. Nondiscrimination requirements for tax-sheltered annuities.
Sec. 1122. Taxation of distributions.
Sec. 1123. Uniform additional tax on early distributions from qualified retirement plans.
Sec. 1124. Election to treat certain lump sum distributions received during 1987 as received during 1986.
Sec. 1132. Excise tax on reversion of qualified plan assets to employer.
Sec. 1133. Tax on excess distributions.
Sec. 1134. Treatment of loans.
Sec. 1135. Deferred annuities available only to natural persons.
Sec. 1136. Profits not required for profit-sharing plans.
Sec. 1137. Requirement that collective bargaining agreements be bona fide.
Sec. 1138. Penalty on underpayments attributable to overstatement of pension liabilities.
Sec. 1139. Interest rate assumptions.
Sec. 1140. Plan amendments not required under January 1, 1989.
Sec. 1141. Issuance of final regulations.
Sec. 1142. Secretary to accept applications with respect to section 401(k) plans.
Sec. 1143. Treatment of certain fishermen as self-employed individuals.
Sec. 1144. Acquisition of gold and silver coins by individual retirement accounts.
Sec. 1146. Treatment of leased employees.
Subtitle B--Employee Benefit Provisions
Sec. 1162. 2-year extension of exclusions for educational assistance programs and group legal plans.
Sec. 1163. $5,000 limit on dependent care assistance exclusion.
Sec. 1164. Tax treatment of faculty housing.
Sec. 1165. Limitation on accrual of vacation pay.
Sec. 1166. Treatment of certain full-time life insurance salesmen.
Sec. 1167. Extension of due date for study of welfare benefit plans.
Sec. 1168. Exclusion from gross income of certain military benefits.
Subtitle C--Changes Relating to Employee Stock Ownership Plans
Sec. 1171. Repeal of employee stock ownership credit.
Sec. 1172. Estate tax deduction for proceeds from sales of employer securities.
Sec. 1173. Provisions relating to loans used to acquire employer securities.
Sec. 1174. Requirements for employee stock ownership plans.
Sec. 1175. Additional qualification requirements.
Sec. 1176. Special ESOP requirements.
Sec. 1177. Transition rules.
Subtitle A--Foreign Tax Credit Modifications
Sec. 1201. Separate application of section 904 with respect to certain categories of income.
Sec. 1202. Deemed paid credit under sections 902 and 960 determined on accumulated basis.
Sec. 1203. Clarification of treatment of separate limitation losses.
Sec. 1204. Foreign taxes used to provide subsidies.
Sec. 1205. Limitation on carryback of foreign tax credits to taxable years beginning before 1987.
Subtitle B--Source Rules
Sec. 1211. Determination of source in case of sales of personal property.
Sec. 1212. Special rules for transportation income.
Sec. 1213. Source rule for space and certain ocean activities.
Sec. 1214. Limitations on special treatment of 80-20 corporations.
Sec. 1215. Rules for allocating interest, etc., to foreign source income.
Subtitle C--Taxation of Income Earned Through Foreign Corporations
Sec. 1221. Income subject to current taxation.
Sec. 1223. Subpart F de minimis rule.
Sec. 1224. Repeal of special treatment of possessions corporations.
Sec. 1226. Deductions for dividends received from certain foreign corporations.
Sec. 1227. Special rule for application of section 954 to certain dividends.
Subtitle D--Special Tax Provisions for United States Persons
Sec. 1231. Modifications to section 936.
Sec. 1232. Treatment of certain persons in Panama.
Sec. 1233. Provisions relating to section 911 exclusion.
Sec. 1234. Foreign compliance provisions.
Sec. 1235. Treatment of certain passive foreign investment companies.
Sec. 1236. Treatment of interest on obligations of the United States received by banks organized in Guam.
Subtitle E--Treatment of Foreign Taxpayers
Sec. 1241. Branch profits tax.
Sec. 1243. Treatment under section 877 of property received in tax-free exchanges, etc.
Sec. 1244. Study of United States reinsurance industry.
Sec. 1245. Information with respect to certain foreign-owned corporations.
Sec. 1246. Withholding tax on amounts paid by partnerships to foreign partners.
Sec. 1247. Income of foreign governments.
Sec. 1248. Limitation on cost of property imported from related persons.
Sec. 1249. Treatment of dual residence corporations.
Subtitle F--Foreign Currency Transactions
Sec. 1261. Treatment of foreign currency transactions.
Subtitle G--Tax Treatment of Possessions
Sec. 1272. Exclusion of possession source income from the gross income of certain individuals.
Sec. 1273. Treatment of corporations organized in Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands.
Sec. 1275. Virgin Islands corporations allowed possession tax credit.
Subtitle A--Amendments of Internal Revenue Code of 1954
Sec. 1301. State and local bonds.
Sec. 1302. Repeal of provisions relating to general stock ownership corporations.
Subtitle B--Effective Dates and Transitional Rules
Sec. 1311. General effective dates.
Sec. 1312. Transitional rules for construction or binding agreements, etc.
Sec. 1313. Transitional rules relating to refundings.
Sec. 1314. Special rules for certain bonds issued before August 16, 1986.
Sec. 1315. Transitional rules relating to volume cap.
Sec. 1316. Provisions relating to bonds provided special rules under prior revenue acts.
Sec. 1317. Other transitional rules.
Sec. 1318. Transitional rules for specific facilities.
Sec. 1319. Definitions, etc., relating to effective dates and transitional rules.
Subtitle A--Income Taxation of Trusts and Estates
Sec. 1401. Grantor treated as holding any power or interest of grantor's spouse.
Sec. 1402. Limitations to reversionary interest rule exceptions.
Sec. 1403. Taxable year of trusts to be calendar year.
Sec. 1404. Trusts and certain estates to make estimated payments of income taxes.
Subtitle B--Unearned Income of Certain Minor Children
Sec. 1411. Unearned income of certain minor children.
Subtitle C--Gift and Estate Taxes
Sec. 1421. Information necessary for valid special use valuation election.
Sec. 1422. Gift and estate tax deductions for certain conservation easement donations.
Subtitle D--Generation Skipping Transfers
Sec. 1431. New tax on generation-skipping transfers.
Sec. 1432. Related amendments.
Sec. 1433. Effective dates.
Subtitle A--Revision of Certain Penalties, Etc.
Sec. 1501. Penalty for failure to file information returns or statements.
Sec. 1502. Increase in penalty for failure to pay tax.
Sec. 1503. Amendments to penalty for negligence and fraud.
Sec. 1504. Increase in penalty for substantial understatement of liability.
Subtitle B--Interest Provisions
Sec. 1511. Differential interest rate.
Sec. 1512. Interest on accumulated earnings tax to accrue beginning on date return is due.
Subtitle C--Information Reporting Provisions
Sec. 1521. Requirement of reporting for real estate transactions.
Sec. 1522. Information reporting on persons receiving contracts from certain Federal agencies.
Sec. 1523. Returns regarding payments of royalties.
Sec. 1524. TINS required for dependents claimed on tax returns.
Sec. 1525. Tax-exempt interest required to be shown on return.
Subtitle D--Provisions Relating to Tax Shelters
Sec. 1531. Modification of tax shelter ratio test for registration of tax shelters.
Sec. 1532. Increased penalty for failure to register tax shelters.
Sec. 1533. Penalty for failure to include tax shelter identification number on return increased to $250.
Sec. 1534. Increased penalty for failure to maintain lists of investors in potentially abusive tax shelters.
Sec. 1535. Clarification of treatment of sham or fraudulent transactions under section 6621(c).
Subtitle E--Estimated Tax Provisions
Sec. 1541. Current year liability test increased from 80 to 90 percent for estimated tax payments by individuals.
Sec. 1542. Certain tax-exempt organizations subject to corporate estimated tax rules.
Sec. 1543. Waiver of estimated penalties for 1986 underpayments attributable to this Act.
Subtitle F--Provisions Regarding Judicial Proceedings
Sec. 1551. Limitations on awarding of court costs and certain fees modified.
Sec. 1552. Failure to pursue administrative remedies.
Sec. 1553. Tax Court practice fee.
Sec. 1554. Clarification of jurisdiction over addition to tax for failure to pay amount of tax shown on return.
Sec. 1555. Authority to require attendance of United States marshals at Tax Court sessions.
Sec. 1556. Changes in certain provisions relating to special trial judges.
Sec. 1557. Effect on retired pay by election to practice law, etc., after retirement.
Sec. 1558. Authorization for appeals from interlocutory orders of the Tax Court.
Sec. 1559. Changes relating to annuities for surviving spouses and dependent children of Tax Court judges.
Subtitle G--Tax Administration Provisions
Sec. 1561. Suspension of statute of limitations if third-party records not produced within 6 months after service of summons.
Sec. 1562. Authority to rescind notice of deficiency with taxpayer's consent.
Sec. 1563. Authority to abate interest due to errors or delays by the Internal Revenue Service.
Sec. 1564. Suspension of compounding where interest on deficiency suspended.
Sec. 1565. Certain service-connected disability payments exempt from levy.
Sec. 1566. Increase in value of personal property subject to certain listing and notice procedures.
Sec. 1567. Certain recordkeeping requirements.
Sec. 1568. Disclosure of returns and return information to certain cities.
Sec. 1569. Treatment of certain forfeitures.
Subtitle H--Miscellaneous Provisions
Sec. 1571 [1581]. Withholding allowances to reflect new rate schedules.
Sec. 1572 [1582]. Report on return-free system.
Sec. 1602. Educational activities at convention and trade shows.
Sec. 1603. Tax exemption for certain title-holding companies.
Sec. 1604. Exception to membership organization deduction rules.
Sec. 1606. Definition of government official.
Sec. 1607. Transition rule for acquisition indebtedness with respect to certain land.
Sec. 1608. Treatment of certain amounts paid to or for the benefit of certain institutions of higher education.
Sec. 1702. Certain diesel fuel taxes may be imposed on sales to retailers.
Sec. 1703. Gasoline tax generally collected at terminal level.
Sec. 1704. Exemption from social security coverage for certain clergy.
Sec. 1706. Treatment of certain technical personnel.
Sec. 1707. Exclusion for certain foster care payments.
Sec. 1708. Extension of rules for spouses of individuals missing in action.
Sec. 1709. Amendment to the Reindeer Industry Act of 1937.
Sec. 1710. Quality control studies.
Subtitle A--Amendments Related to the Tax Reform Act of 1984
Sec. 1802. Amendments related to tax-exempt entity leasing provisions.
Sec. 1803. Amendments related to treatment of bonds and other debt instruments.
Sec. 1804. Amendments related to corporate provisions.
Sec. 1805. Amendments related to partnership provisions.
Sec. 1806. Amendments related to trust provisions.
Sec. 1807. Amendments related to accounting changes.
Sec. 1808. Amendments related to tax straddle provisions.
Sec. 1809. Amendments related to depreciation provisions.
Sec. 1810. Amendments related to foreign provisions.
Sec. 1811. Amendments related to reporting, penalty, and other provisions.
Sec. 1822. Amendments related to section 216 of the Act.
Sec. 1823. Amendment related to section 217 of the Act.
Sec. 1824. Amendment related to section 218 of the Act.
Sec. 1825. Amendments related to section 221 of the Act.
Sec. 1826. Amendments related to section 222 of the Act.
Sec. 1827. Amendments related to section 223 of the Act.
Sec. 1828. Amendment related to section 224 of the Act.
Sec. 1829. Waiver of interest on certain underpayments of tax.
Sec. 1830. Scope of section 255 of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982.
Sec. 1832. Amendment related to section 303 of the Act.
Sec. 1833. Amendment related to section 305 of the Act.
Sec. 1834. Amendment related to section 311 of the Act.
Sec. 1842. Amendments related to section 421 of the Act.
Sec. 1843. Amendments related to section 422 of the Act.
Sec. 1844. Amendments related to section 431 of the Act.
Sec. 1845. Amendment related to section 452 of the Act.
Sec. 1846. Amendments related to section 473 of the Act.
Sec. 1852. Amendments related to pension plan provisions.
Sec. 1853. Amendments related to fringe benefit provisions.
Sec. 1854. Amendments related to employee stock ownership plans.
Sec. 1855. Amendments related to miscellaneous employee benefit provisions.
Sec. 1862. Amendment related to section 612 of the Act.
Sec. 1863. Amendment related to section 613 of the Act.
Sec. 1864. Amendments related to section 621 of the Act.
Sec. 1865. Amendment related to section 622 of the Act.
Sec. 1866. Transitional rule for limit on small issue exception.
Sec. 1867. Amendments related to section 624 of the Act.
Sec. 1868. Amendment related to section 625 of the Act.
Sec. 1869. Amendments related to section 626 of the Act.
Sec. 1870. Amendment related to section 627 of the Act.
Sec. 1871. Amendments related to section 628 of the Act.
Sec. 1876. Amendments related to title VIII of the Act.
Sec. 1877. Amendments related to title IX of the Act.
Sec. 1878. Amendments related to title X of the Act.
Sec. 1879. Miscellaneous provisions.
Subtitle B--Related to Other Programs Affected by the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984
Sec. 1883. Technical corrections in other provisions related to Social Security Act programs.
Sec. 1886. Technical corrections to countervailing and antidumping duty provisions.
Sec. 1887. Amendments to the Trade Act of 1974.
Sec. 1888. Amendments to the Tariff Act of 1930.
Sec. 1890. Amendments to the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act.
Sec. 1891. Conforming amendments regarding customs brokers.
Sec. 1893. Technical amendments relating to customs user fees.
Subtitle C--Miscellaneous
Sec. 1897. Correction of clerical error in amendments to coal tax.
SEC. 2. INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986.
(a) REDESIGNATION OF 1954 CODE.--The Internal Revenue Title enacted August 16, 1954, as heretofore, hereby, or hereafter amended, may be cited as the "Internal Revenue Code of 1986".
(b) REFERENCES IN LAWS, ETC.--Except when inappropriate, any reference in any law, Executive order, or other document--
(1) to the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 shall include a reference to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and
(2) to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall include a reference to the provisions of law formerly known as the Internal Revenue Code of 1954.
(a) AMENDMENT OF 1986 CODE.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
(b) COORDINATION WITH SECTION 15.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), for purposes of section 15 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, no amendment or repeal made by this Act shall be treated as a change in the rate of tax imposed by chapter 1 of such Code.
(2) EXCEPTION.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the amendment made by section 601 (relating to corporate rate reductions).
Subtitle A--Rate Reductions; Increase in Standard Deduction and Personal Exemptions
SEC. 101. RATE REDUCTIONS.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 1 (relating to tax imposed on individuals) is amended to read as follows:
"SECTION 1. TAX IMPOSED.
"(a) MARRIED INDIVIDUALS FILING JOINT RETURNS AND SURVIVING SPOUSES.--There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of--
"(1) every married individual (as defined in section 7703) who makes a single return jointly with his spouse under section 6013, and
"(2) every surviving spouse (as defined in section 2(a)),
a tax determined in accordance with the following table:
"If taxable income is: The tax is:
Not over $29,750 15% of taxable income.
Over $29.750 $4,462.50, plus 28% of the
excess over $29,750.
"If taxable income is: The tax is:
Not over $23,900 15% of taxable income.
Over $23,900 $3,585, plus 28% of the
excess over $23,900.
"If taxable income is: The tax is:
Not over $17,850 15% of taxable income.
Over $17,850 $2,677.50, plus 28% of the
excess over $17,850.
"If taxable income is: The tax is:
Not over $14,875 15% of taxable income.
Over $14,875 $2,231.25, plus 28% of the
excess over $14,875.
"(1) every estate, and
"(2) every trust,
taxable under this subsection a tax determined in accordance with the following table:
"If taxable income is: The tax is:
Not over $5,000 15% of taxable income.
Over $5,000 $750, plus 28% of the excess
over $5,000.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Not later than December 15 of 1988, and each subsequent calendar year, the Secretary shall prescribe tables which shall apply in lieu of the tables contained in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) with respect to taxable years beginning in the succeeding calendar year.
"(2) METHOD OF PRESCRIBING TABLES.--The table which under paragraph (1) is to apply in lieu of the table contained in subsection (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e), as the case may be, with respect to taxable years beginning in any calendar year shall be prescribed--
"(A) by increasing the minimum and maximum dollar amounts for each rate bracket for which a tax is imposed under such table by the cost-of-living adjustment for such calendar year,
"(B) by not changing the rate applicable to any rate bracket as adjusted under subparagraph (A), and
"(C) by adjusting the amounts setting forth the tax to the extent necessary to reflect the adjustments in the rate brackets.
"(3) COST-OF-LIVING ADJUSTMENT.--For purposes of paragraph (2), the cost-of-living adjustment for any calendar year is the percentage (if any) by which--
"(A) the CPI for the preceding calendar year, exceeds
"(B) the CPI for the calendar year 1987.
"(4) CPI FOR ANY CALENDAR YEAR.--For purposes of paragraph (3), the CPI for any calendar year is the average of the Consumer Price Index as of the close of the 12-month period ending on August 31 of such calendar year.
"(5) CONSUMER PRICE INDEX.--For purposes of paragraph (4), the term 'Consumer Price Index' means the last Consumer Price Index for all-urban consumers published by the Department of Labor. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the revision of the Consumer Price Index which is most consistent with the Consumer Price Index for calendar year 1986 shall be used.
"(6) ROUNDING.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If any increase determined under paragraph (2)(A), subsection (g)(4), section 63(c)(4), or section 151(d)(3) is not a multiple of $50, such increase shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $50.
"(B) TABLE FOR MARRIED INDIVIDUALS FILING SEPARATELY.--In the case of a married individual filling a separate return, subparagraph (A) (other than with respect to section 63(c)(4)) shall be applied by substituting '$25' for '$50' each place it appears.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The amount of tax imposed by this section (determined without regard to this subsection) shall be increased by 5 percent of the excess (if any) of--
"(A) taxable income, over
"(B) the applicable dollar amount.
"(2) LIMITATION.--The increase determined under paragraph (1) with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed the sum of--
"(A) 13 percent of the maximum amount of taxable income to which the 15-percent rate applies under the table contained in subsection (a), (b), (c), or (e) (whichever applies), and
"(B) 28 percent of the deductions for personal exemptions allowable to the taxpayer for the taxable year under section 151.
In the case of any individual taxable under subsection (d), subparagraph (A) shall apply as if such individual were taxable under subsection (a).
"(3) APPLICABLE DOLLAR AMOUNT.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the applicable dollar amount shall be determined under the following table:
following subsection of this section The applicable dollar
applies: amount is:
Subsection (a) $71,900
Subsection (b) 61,650
Subsection (c) 43,150
Subsection (d) 35,950
Subsection (e) 13,000.
"(A) such dollar amount, multiplied by
"(B) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under subsection (f)(3) for the calendar year in which the taxable year begins.
"(1) subsection (g) shall not apply, and
"(2) the following tables shall apply in lieu of the tables set forth in subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e):
"(A) MARRIED INDIVIDUALS FILING JOINT RETURNS AND SURVIVING SPOUSES.--The table to apply for purposes of subsection (a) is as follows:
Not over $3,000 11% of taxable income.
Over $3,000 but not over $28,000 $330, plus 15% of the
excess over $3,000.
Over $28.000 but not over $45,000 $4,080, plus 28% of the
excess over $28,000.
Over $45,000 but not over $90,000 $8,840, plus 35% of the
excess over $45,000.
Over $90,000 $24.590, plus 38.5% of
the excess over $90,000.
Not over $2.500 11% of taxable income.
Over $2,500 but not over $23,000 $275, plus 15% of the
excess over $2,500.
Over $23,000 but not over $38,000 $3,350, plus 28% of
the excess over $23,000.
Over $38,000 but not over $80,000 $7,550, plus 35% of the
excess over $38,000.
Over $80,000 $22,250, plus 38.5% of
the excess over $80,000.
Not over $1,800 11% of taxable income.
Over $1,800 but not over $16,800 $198, plus 15% of the
excess over $1,800.
Over $16,800 but not over $27,000 $2,448, plus 28% of the
excess over $16,800.
Over $27,000 but not over $54,000 $5,304, plus 35% of the
excess over $27,000.
Over $54,000 $14,754, plus 38.5% of
the excess over $54,000.
Not over $1,500 11% of taxable income.
Over $1,500 but not over $14,000 $165, plus 15% of the
excess over $1,500.
Over $14,000 but not over $22,500 $2,040, plus 28% of the
excess over $14,000.
Over $22,500 but not over $45,000 $4,420, plus 3.5% of the
excess over $22,500.
Over $45,000 $12,295, plus 38.5% of
the excess over $45,000.
Not over $500 11% of taxable income.
Over $500 but not over $4,700 $55, plus 15% of the
excess over $500.
Over $4,700 but not over $7,550 $685, plus 28% of the
excess over $4,700.
Over $7,550 but not over $15,150 $1,483, plus 35% of the
excess over $7,550.
Over $15,150 $4,143, plus 38.5% of
the excess over $15,150."
"(d) SECTION NOT TO APPLY TO INFLATION ADJUSTMENTS.--This section shall not apply to any change in rates under subsection (f) of section 1 (relating to adjustments in tax tables so that inflation will not result in tax increases)."
SEC. 102. INCREASE IN STANDARD DEDUCTION.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 63 (defining taxable income) is amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 63. TAXABLE INCOME DEFINED.
"(a) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subsection (b), for purposes of this subtitle, the term 'taxable income' means gross income minus the deductions allowed by this chapter (other than the standard deduction).
"(b) INDIVIDUALS WHO DO NOT ITEMIZE THEIR DEDUCTIONS.--In the case of an individual who does not elect to itemize his deductions for the taxable year, for purposes of this subtitle, the term 'taxable income' means adjusted gross income, minus--
"(1) the standard deduction, and
"(2) the deduction for personal exemptions provided in section 151.
"(c) STANDARD DEDUCTION.--For purposes of this subtitle--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the term 'standard deduction' means the sum of--
"(A) the basic standard deduction, and
"(B) the additional standard deduction.
"(2) BASIC STANDARD DEDUCTION.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the basic standard deduction is--
"(A) $5,000 in the case of--
"(i) a joint return, or
"(ii) a surviving spouse (as defined in section 2(a)),
"(B) $4,400 in the case of a head of household (as defined in section 2(b)),
"(C) $3,000 in the case of an individual who is not married and who is not a surviving spouse or head of household, or
"(D) $2,500 in the case of a married individual filing a separate return.
"(3) ADDITIONAL STANDARD DEDUCTION FOR AGED AND BLIND.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the additional standard deduction is the sum of each additional amount to which the taxpayer is entitled under subsection (f).
"(4) ADJUSTMENTS FOR INFLATION.--In the case of any taxable year beginning in a calendar year after 1988, each dollar amount contained in paragraph (2) or (5)(A) or subsection (f) shall be increased by an amount equal to--
"(A) such dollar amount, multiplied by
"(B) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which the taxable year begins.
"(5) LIMITATION ON STANDARD DEDUCTION IN THE CASE OF CERTAIN DEPENDENTS.--In the case of an individual with respect to whom a deduction under section 151 is allowable to another taxpayer for a taxable year beginning in the calendar year in which the individual's taxable year begins, the standard deduction applicable to such individual for such individual's taxable year shall not exceed the greater of--
"(A) $500, or
"(B) such individual's earned income.
"(6) CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS, ETC., NOT ELIGIBLE FOR STANDARD DEDUCTION.--In the case of--
"(A) a married individual filing a separate return where either spouse itemizes deductions,
"(B) a nonresident alien individual,
"(C) a citizen of the United States entitled to the benefits of section 931 (relating to income from sources within possessions of the United States),
"(D) an individual making a return under section 443(a)(1) for a period of less than 12 months on account of a change in his annual accounting period, or
"(E) an estate or trust, common trust fund, or partnership,
the standard deduction shall be zero.
"(d) ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS.--For purposes of this subtitle, the term 'itemized deductions' means the deductions allowable under this chapter other than--
"(1) the deductions allowable in arriving at adjusted gross income, and
"(2) the deduction for personal exemptions provided by section 151.
"(e) ELECTION TO ITEMIZE.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Unless an individual makes an election under this subsection for the taxable year, no itemized deduction shall be allowed for the taxable year. For purposes of this subtitle, the determination of whether a deduction is allowable under this chapter shall be made without regard to the preceding sentence.
"(2) TIME AND MANNER OF ELECTION.--Any election under this subsection shall be made on the taxpayer's return, and the Secretary shall prescribe the manner of signifying such election on the return.
"(3) CHANGE OF ELECTION.--Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, a change of election with respect to itemized deductions for any taxable year may be made after the filing of the return for such year. If the spouse of the taxpayer filed a separate return for any taxable year corresponding to the taxable year of the taxpayer, the change shall not be allowed unless, in accordance with such regulations--
"(A) the spouse makes a change of election with respect to itemized deductions, for the taxable year covered in such separate return, consistent with the change of treatment sought by the taxpayer, and
"(B) the taxpayer and his spouse consent in writing to the assessment (within such period as may be agreed on with the Secretary) of any deficiency, to the extent attributable to such change of election, even though at the time of the filing of such consent the assessment of such deficiency would otherwise by prevented by the operation of any law or rule of law.
"(f) AGED OR BLIND ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS.--
"(1) ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS FOR THE AGED.--The taxpayer shall be entitled to an additional amount of $600--
"(A) for himself if he has attained age 65 before the close of his taxable year, and
"(B) for the spouse of the taxpayer if the spouse has attained age 65 before the close of the taxable year and an additional exemption is allowable to the taxpayer for such spouse under section 151(b).
"(2) ADDITIONAL AMOUNT FOR BLIND.--The taxpayer shall be entitled to an additional amount of $600--
"(A) for himself if he is blind at the close of the taxable year, and
"(B) for the spouse of the taxpayer if the spouse is blind as of the close of the taxable year and an additional exemption is allowable to the taxpayer for such spouse under section 151(b).
For purposes of subparagraph (B), if the spouse dies during the taxable year the determination of whether such spouse is blind shall be made as of the time of such death.
"(3) HIGHER AMOUNT FOR CERTAIN UNMARRIED INDIVIDUALS.--In the case of an individual who is not married and is not a surviving spouse, paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be applied by substituting '$750' for '$600'.
"(4) BLINDNESS DEFINED.--For purposes of this subsection, an individual is blind only if his central visual acuity does not exceed 20/200 in the better eye with correcting lenses, or if his visual acuity is greater than 20/200 but is accompanied by a limitation in the fields of vision such that the widest diameter of the visual field subtends an angle no greater than 20 degrees.
"(g) MARITAL STATUS.--For purposes of this section, marital status shall be determined under section 7703.
"(h) TRANSITIONAL RULE FOR TAXABLE YEARS BEGINNING IN 1987.--In the case of any taxable year beginning in 1987, paragraph (2) of subsection (c) shall be applied--
"(1) by substituting '$3,760' for '$5,000',
"(2) by substituting '$2,540' for '$4,400',
"(3) by substituting '$2,540' for '$3,000', and
"(4) by substituting '$1,880' for '$2,5000'.
The preceding sentence shall not apply if the taxpayer is entitled to an additional amount determined under subsection (f) (relating to additional amount for aged and blind) for the taxable year."
(b) TAX TABLES.--Section 3 (relating to tax tables for individuals) is amended by striking out subsection (a) and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
"(a) IMPOSITION OF TAX TABLE TAX.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In lieu of the tax imposed by section 1, there is hereby imposed for each taxable year on the taxable income of every individual--
"(A) who does not itemize his deductions for the taxable year, and
"(B) whose taxable income for such taxable year does not exceed the ceiling amount,
a tax determined under tables, applicable to such taxable year, which shall be prescribed by the Secretary and which shall be in such form as he determines appropriate. In the table so prescribed, the amounts of the tax shall be computed on the basis of the rates prescribed by section 1.
"(2) CEILING AMOUNT DEFINED.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'ceiling amount' means, with respect to any taxpayer, the amount (not less than $20,000) determined by the Secretary for the tax rate category in which such taxpayer falls.
"(3) AUTHORITY TO PRESCRIBE TABLES FOR TAXPAYERS WHO ITEMIZE DEDUCTIONS.--The Secretary may provide that this section shall apply also for any taxable year to individuals who itemize their deductions. Any tables prescribed under the preceding sentence shall be on the basis of taxable income."
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subsection (f) of section 151 (defining exemption amount) is amended to read as follows:
"(f) EXEMPTION AMOUNT.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the term 'exemption amount' means--
"(A) $1,900 for taxable years beginning during 1987,
"(B) $1,950 for taxable years beginning during 1988, and
"(C) $2,000 for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1988.
"(2) EXEMPTION AMOUNT DISALLOWED IN THE CASE OF CERTAIN DEPENDENTS.--In the case of an individual with respect to whom a deduction under this section is allowable to another taxpayer for a taxable year beginning in the calendar year in which the individual's taxable year begins, the exemption amount applicable to such individual for such individual's taxable year shall be zero.
"(3) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT FOR YEARS AFTER 1989.--In the case of any taxable year beginning in a calendar year after 1989, the dollar amount contained in paragraph (1)(C) shall be increased by an amount equal to--
"(A) such dollar amount, multiplied by
"(B) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3), for the calendar year in which the taxable year begins, by substituting 'calendar year 1988' for 'calendar year 1987' in subparagraph (B) thereof."
SEC. 104. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.
(a) FILING REQUIREMENTS.--
(1) SECTION 6012.--
(A) Paragraph (1) of section 6012(a) (relating to persons required to make returns of income) is amended to read as follows:
"(1)(A) Every individual having for the taxable year gross income which equals or exceeds the exemption amount, except that a return shall not be required of an individual--
"(ii) who is a head of a household (as so defined) and for the taxable year has gross income of less than the sum of the exemption amount plus the basic standard deduction applicable to such an individual,
"(iii) who is a surviving spouse (as so defined) and for the taxable year has gross income of less than the sum of the exemption amount plus the basic standard deduction applicable to such an individual, or
"(iv) who is entitled to make a joint return and whose gross income, when combined with the gross income of his spouse, is, for the taxable year, less than the sum of twice the exemption amount plus the basic standard deduction applicable to a joint return, but only if such individual and his spouse, at the close of the taxable year, had the same household as their home.
Clause (iv) shall not apply if for the taxable year such spouse makes a separate return or any other taxpayer is entitled to an exemption for such spouse under section 151(c).
"(B) The amount specified in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (A) shall be increased by the amount of 1 additional standard deduction (within the meaning of section 63(c)(3)) in the case of an individual entitled to such deduction by reason of section 63(f)(1)(A) (relating to individuals age 65 or more), and the amount specified in clause (iv) of subparagraph (A) shall be increased by the amount of the additional standard deduction for each additional standard deduction to which the individual or his spouse is entitled by reason of section 63(f)(1).
"(C) The exception under subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any individual--
"(i) who is described in section 63(c)(5) and who has--
"(I) income (other than earned income) in excess of the amount in effect under section 63(c)(5)(A) (relating to limitation on standard deduction in the case of certain dependents), or
"(II) total gross income in excess of the standard deduction, or
"(ii) for whom the standard deduction is zero under section 63(c)(6).
"(D) For purposes of this subsection--
"(i) The terms 'standard deduction', 'basic standard deduction' and 'additional standard deduction' have the respective meanings given such terms by section 63(c).
"(ii) The term 'exemption amount' has the meaning given such term by section 151(d). In the case of an individual described in section 151(d)(2), the exemption amount shall be zero."
(B) Paragraph (9) of section 6012(a) is amended by striking out "$2,700 or more" and inserting in lieu thereof "not less than the sum of the exemption amount plus the basic standard deduction under section 63(c)(2)(D)".
(2) SECTION 6013.--Subparagraph (A) of section 6013(b)(3) (relating to when return deemed filed) is amended--
(A) by striking out "(twice the exemption amount in case such spouse was 65 or over)" each place it appear,
(B) by striking out "section 151(f)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 151(d)", and
(C) by adding at the end thereof the following new sentence: "For purposes of clauses (ii) and (iii), if the spouse whose gross income is being compared to the exemption amount is 65 or over, such clauses shall be applied by substituting 'the sum of the exemption amount and the additional standard deduction under section 63(c)(2) by reason of section 63(f)(1)(A)' for 'the exemption amount'."
(1) SECTION 21, ETC.--
(A) Sections 21(b)(1)(A), 21(e)(6)(A), and 129(c)(1) are each amended by striking out "section 151(e)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 151(c)".
(B) Sections 21(e)(6)(B), 32(c)(1)(A)(i), 129(c)(2), and 152(e)(1)(A) are each amended by striking out "section 151(e)(3)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 151(c)(3)".
(2) SECTION 108.--Subparagraph (B) of section 108(b)(3) is amended by striking out "50 cents" and inserting in lieu thereof "33-1/3 cents".
(3) SECTION 152, ETC.--Sections 152(d)(2) and 2032A(c)(7)(D) are each amended by striking out "section 151(e)(4)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 151(c)(4)".
(4) SECTION 172.--Subsection (d) of section 172 (relating to modifications) is amended by striking out paragraph (7).
(5) SECTION 402.--Subparagraph (B) of section 402(e)(1), as amended by section 1222(b), is amended by striking out "the zero bracket amount applicable to such individual for the taxable year plus".
(6) SECTION 441.--Clause (iii) of section 441(f)(2)(B) (relating to change in accounting period) is amended by striking out "and by adding the zero bracket amount,".
(7) SECTION 443.--
(A) Paragraph (1) of section 443(b) (relating to computation of tax on change of annual accounting period) is amended by striking out ", and adding the zero bracket amount".
(B) Clause (ii) of section 443(b)(2)(A) (relating to computation based on 12-month period) is amended to read as follows:
"(ii) the tax computed on the modified taxable income for the short period."
(9) SECTION 613A.--Paragraph (1) of section 613A(d) (relating to limitation on percentage depletion based on taxable income) is amended by striking out "(reduced in the case of an individual by the zero bracket amount)".
(10) SECTION 667.--Paragraph (2) of section 667(b) (relating to tax on amount deemed distributed by trust in preceding years) is amended to read as follows:
"(2) TREATMENT OF LOSS YEARS.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the taxable income of the beneficiary for any taxable year shall be deemed to be not less than zero."
(11) SECTION 861.--Subsection (b) of section 861 (relating to taxable income from sources within the United States) is amended by striking out "the zero bracket amount" and inserting in lieu thereof "the standard deduction".
(12) SECTION 862.--Subsection (b) of section 862 (relating to taxable income from sources without the United States) is amended by striking out "the zero bracket amount" and inserting in lieu thereof "the standard deduction".
(13) SECTION 904.--Subsection (a) of section 904 (relating to limitation on foreign tax credit) is amended by striking out the last sentence.
(14) SECTION 1398.--Subsection (c) of section 1398 (relating to computation and payment of tax; zero bracket amount) is amended--
(A) by striking out "ZERO BRACKET AMOUNT" in the subsection heading and inserting in lieu thereof "BASIC STANDARD DEDUCTION", and
(B) by striking out paragraph (3) and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
"(3) BASIC STANDARD DEDUCTION.--In the case of an estate which does not itemize deductions, the basic standard deduction for the estate for the taxable year shall be the same as for a married individual filing a separate return for such year."
(15) SECTION 3402.--
(A) Paragraph (1) of section 3402(f) (relating to withholding exemptions) is amended by striking out subparagraphs (B) and (C) and by redesignating subparagraphs (D), (E), (F), and (G) as subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E), respectively.
(B) Subparagraph (A) of section 3402(f)(1), is amended by inserting "unless he is an individual described in section 151(d)(2)" after "himself".
(C) Subparagraph (B) of section 3402(f)(1), as redesignated by subparagraph (A), is amended by striking out "subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (F)" and inserting in lieu thereof "subparagraph (A) or (D)".
(D) Subparagraph (C) of section 3402(f)(1), as redesignated by subparagraph (A), is amended by striking out "section 151(e)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 151(c)".
(E) Subparagraph (E) of section 3402(f)(1), as redesignated by subparagraph (A), is amended by striking out "zero bracket" and inserting in lieu thereof "standard deduction".
(F) The last sentence of paragraph (1) of section 3402(f) is amended--
(i) by striking out "subparagraph (G)" and inserting in lieu thereof "subparagraph (E)", and
(ii) by striking out "zero bracket" and inserting in lieu thereof "standard deduction".
(G) Paragraph (3) of section 3402(m) is amended by inserting "(including the additional standard deduction under section 63(c)(3) for the aged and blind)" after "deductions".
(16) SECTION 6014.--
(A) Subsection (a) of section 6014 (relating to income tax return--tax not computed by taxpayer) is amended by striking out "who does not have an unused zero bracket amount (determined under section 63(e))" and inserting in lieu thereof "who is not described in section 6012(a)(1)(C)(i)".
(B) Paragraph (4) of section 6014(b) is amended to read as follows:
"(4) to cases where the taxpayer itemizes his deductions or where the taxpayer claims a reduced standard deduction by reason of section 63(c)(5)."
(17) SECTION 6212.--Subparagraph (A) of section 6212(c)(2) (relating to cross references) is amended to read as follows:
"(A) Deficiency attributable to change of treatment with respect to itemized deductions, see section 63(e)(3)."
(18) SECTION 6504.--Paragraph (2) of section 6504 (relating to cross references) is amended to read as follows:
"(2) Change of treatment with respect to itemized deductions where taxpayer and his spouse make separate returns, see section 63(e)(3)."
SEC. 111. INCREASE IN EARNED INCOME CREDIT.
(a) INCREASE IN AMOUNT OF CREDIT.--Subsection (a) of section 32 (relating to earned income credit) is amended--
(1) by striking out "11 percent" and inserting in lieu thereof "14 percent", and
(2) by striking out "$5,000" and inserting in lieu thereof "$5,714".
(b) INCREASE IN INCOME LEVEL AT WHICH PHASEOUT BEGINS.--Subsection (b) of section 32 is amended to read as follows:
"(b) LIMITATION.--The amount of the credit allowable to a taxpayer under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed the excess (if any) of--
"(1) the maximum credit allowable under subsection (a) to any taxpayer, over
"(2) 10 percent of so much of the adjusted gross income (or, if greater, the earned income) of the taxpayer for the taxable year as exceeds $9,000.
In the case of any taxable year beginning in 1987, paragraph (2) shall be applied by substituting '$6,500' for '$9,000'."
(c) INFLATION ADJUSTMENTS.--Section 32 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(i) INFLATION ADJUSTMENTS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any taxable year beginning after the applicable calendar year, each dollar amount referred to in paragraph (2)(B) shall be increased by an amount equal to--
"(A) such dollar amount, multiplied by
"(B) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3), for the calendar year in which the taxable year begins, by substituting 'calendar year 1984' for 'calendar year 1987' in subparagraph (B) thereof.
"(2) DEFINITIONS, ETC.--For purposes of paragraph (1)--
"(A) APPLICABLE CALENDAR YEAR.--The term 'applicable calendar year' means--
"(i) 1986 in the case of the dollar amounts referred to in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (B), and
"(ii) 1987 in the case of the dollar amount referred to in clause (iii) of subparagraph (B).
"(B) DOLLAR AMOUNTS.--The dollar amounts referred to in this subparagraph are--
"(i) the $5,714 amount contained in subsection (a),
"(ii) the $6,500 amount contained in the last sentence of subsection (b), and
"(iii) the $9,000 amount contained in subsection (b)(2).
(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Paragraph (2) of section 32(f) (relating to amount of credit to be determined under tables) is amended by striking out subparagraphs (A) and (B) and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
"(A) for earned income between $0 and the amount of earned income at which the credit is phased out under subsection (b), and
"(B) for adjusted gross income between the dollar amount at which the phaseout begins under subsection (b) and the amount of adjusted gross income at which the credit is phased out under subsection (b)."
(2) Subparagraph (B) of section 3507(c)(2) (relating to earned income advance amount) is amended by striking out clauses (i) and (ii) and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
"(ii) phases out between the amount of earned income at which the phaseout begins under subsection (b) of section 32 and the amount of earned income at which the credit under section 32 is phased out under such subsection, or".
"(ii) phases out between amounts of earned income which are 1/2 of the amounts of earned income described in subparagraph (B)(ii)."
SEC. 112. REPEAL OF CREDIT FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANDIDATES FOR PUBLIC OFFICE.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 24 (relating to contributions to candidates for public office) is hereby repealed.
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Subsection (g) of section 527 (relating to treatment of newsletter funds) is amended--
(A) by striking out "section 24(c)(2)" in paragraph (1) and inserting in lieu thereof "paragraph (3)", and
(B) by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(3) CANDIDATE.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'candidate' means, with respect to any Federal, State, or local elective public office, an individual who--
"(A) publicly announces that he is a candidate for nomination or election to such office, and
"(B) meets the qualifications prescribed by law to hold such office."
(2) Subsection (a) of section 642 (relating to credits against tax for estates and trusts) is amended to read as follows:
"(a) FOREIGN TAX CREDIT ALLOWED.--An estate or trust shall be allowed the credit against tax for taxes imposed by foreign countries and possessions of the United States, to the extent allowed by section 901, only in respect of so much of the taxes described in such section as is not properly allocable under such section to the beneficiaries."
(3) Paragraph (3) of section 901(i) (relating to cross references) is amended by striking out "section 642(a)(1)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 642(a)".
(4) Paragraph (6) of section 7871(a) (relating to Indian tribal governments treated as States for certain purposes) is amended by striking out subparagraph (A) and by redesignating subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) as subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E), respectively.
(5) The table of sections for subpart A of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 24.
SEC. 121. TAXATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION.
Section 85 (relating to unemployment compensation) is amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 85. UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--In the case of an individual, gross income includes unemployment compensation.
"(b) UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION DEFINED.--For purposes of this section, the term 'unemployment compensation' means any amount received under a law of the United States or of a State which is in the nature of unemployment compensation."
SEC. 122. PRIZES AND AWARDS.
(a) EXCLUSION FROM GROSS INCOME.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 74 (relating to prizes and awards) is amended--
(A) by striking out "Except as provided in subsection (b) and" in subsection (a) and inserting in lieu thereof "Except as otherwise provided in this section or",
(B) by striking out "EXCEPTION" in the heading for subsection (b) and insetting in lieu thereof "EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN PRIZES AND AWARDS TRANSFERRED TO CHARITIES",
(C) by striking out "and" at the end of subsection (b)(1), by striking out the period at the end of subsection (b)(2) and inserting in lieu thereof "; and", and by adding after subsection (b)(2) the following new paragraph:
"(3) the prize or award is transferred by the payor to a governmental unit or organization described in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 170(c) pursuant to a designation made by the recipient.", and
(D) by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Gross income shall not include the value of an employee achievement award (as defined in section 274(j)) received by the taxpayer if the cost to the employer of the employee achievement award does not exceed the amount allowable as a deduction to the employer for the cost of the employee achievement award.
"(2) EXCESS DEDUCTION AWARD.--If the cost to the employer of the employee achievement award received by the taxpayer exceeds the amount allowable as a deduction to the employer, then gross income includes the greater of--
"(A) an amount equal to the portion of the cost to the employer of the award that is not allowable as a deduction to the employer (but not in excess of the value of the award), or
"(B) the amount by which the value of the award exceeds the amount allowable as a deduction to the employer.
The remaining portion of the value of such award shall not be included in the gross income of the recipient.
"(3) TREATMENT OF TAX-EXEMPT EMPLOYERS.--In the case of an employer exempt from taxation under this subtitle, any reference in this subsection to the amount allowable as a deduction to the employer shall be treated as a reference to the amount which would be allowable as a deduction to the employer if the employer were not exempt from taxation under this subtitle.
"(4) CROSS REFERENCE.--
"For provisions excluding certain de minimis fringes from gross income, see section 132(e)."
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(A) Clause (i) of section 4941(d)(2)(G) is amended by striking out "section 74(b)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 74(b) (without regard to paragraph (3) thereof)".
(B) Paragraph (2) of section 4945(g) is amended by striking out "section 74(b)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 74(b) (without regard to paragraph (3) thereof)".
"(c) EMPLOYEE GIFTS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (a) shall not exclude from gross income any amount transferred by or for an employer to, or for the benefit of, an employee.
"(2) CROSS REFERENCES.--
"For provisions excluding certain employee achievement awards from gross income, see section 74(c).
"For provisions excluding certain de minimis fringes from gross income, see section 132(e)."
(c) GIFTS.--Section 274(b) (relating to gifts) is amended--
(1) by adding "or" at the end of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1),
(2) by striking out "or" at the end of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1), and inserting in lieu thereof a period,
(3) by striking out subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1), and
(4) by striking out paragraph (3).
(d) DEDUCTION FOR COST OF EMPLOYEE ACHIEVEMENT AWARDS.--Section 274 (relating to certain entertainment, etc., expenses) is amended by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (k) and by inserting after subsection (i) the following new subsection:
"(j) EMPLOYEE ACHIEVEMENT AWARDS.--
"(1) GENERAL RULE.--No deduction shall be allowed under section 162 or section 212 for the cost of an employee achievement award except to the extent that such cost does not exceed the deduction limitations of paragraph (2).
"(2) DEDUCTION LIMITATIONS.--The deduction for the cost of an employee achievement award made by an employer to an employee--
"(A) which is not a qualified plan award, when added to the cost to the employer for all other employee achievement awards made to such employee during the taxable year which are not qualified plan awards, shall not exceed $400. and
"(B) which is a qualified plan award, when added to the cost to the employer for all other employee achievement awards made to such employee during the taxable year (including employee achievement awards which are not qualified plan awards), shall not exceed $1,600.
"(3) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) EMPLOYEE ACHIEVEMENT AWARD.--The term 'employee achievement award' means an item of tangible personal property which is--
"(i) transferred by an employer to an employee for length of service achievement or safety achievement.
"(ii) awarded as part of a meaningful presentation, and
"(iii) awarded under conditions and circumstances that do not create a significant likelihood of the payment of disguised compensation.
"(B) QUALIFIED PLAN AWARD.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified plan award' means an employee achievement award awarded as part of an established written plan or program of the taxpayer which does not discriminate in favor of highly compensated employees (within the meaning of section 414(q)) as to eligibility or benefits.
"(ii) LIMITATION.--An employee achievement award shall not be treated as a qualified plan award for any taxable year if the average cost of all employee achievement awards which are provided by the employer during the year. and which would be qualified plan awards but for this subparagraph, exceeds $400. For purposes of the preceding sentence, average cost shall be determined by including the entire cost of qualified plan awards, without taking into account employee achievement awards of nominal value.
"(A) PARTNERSHIPS.--In the case of an employee achievement award made by a partnership, the deduction limitations contained in paragraph (2) shall apply to the partnership as well as to each member thereof.
"(B) LENGTH OF SERVICE AWARDS.--An item shall not be treated as having been provided for length of service achievement if the item is received during the recipient's 1st 5 years of employment or if the recipient received a length of service achievement award (other than an award excludable under section 132(e)(1)) during that year or any of the prior 4 years.
"(C) SAFETY ACHIEVEMENT AWARDS.--An item provided by an employer to an employee shall not be treated as having been provided for safety achievement if--
"(i) during the taxable year, employee achievement awards (other than awards excludable under section 132(e)(1)) for safety achievement have previously been awarded by the employer to more than 10 percent of the employees of the employer (excluding employees described in clause (ii)), or
"(ii) such item is awarded to a manager, administrator, clerical employee, or other professional employee.".
(1) Section 3121(a)(20).
(2) Section 3231(e)(5).
(3) Section 3306(b)(16).
(4) Section 3401(a)(20).
(5) Section 209(s) of the Social Security Act.
(a) IN GENERAL--Section 117 (relating to scholarship and fellowship grants) is amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 117. QUALIFIED SCHOLARSHIPS.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--Gross income does not include any amount received as a qualified scholarship by an individual who is a candidate for a degree at an educational organization described in section 170(b)(A)(ii).
"(b) QUALIFIED SCHOLARSHIP.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified scholarship' means any amount received by an individual as a scholarship or fellowship grant to the extent the individual establishes that, in accordance with the conditions of the grant, such amount was used for qualified tuition and related expenses.
"(2) QUALIFIED TUITION AND RELATED EXPENSES.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'qualified tuition and related expenses' means--
"(A) tuition and fees required for the enrollment or attendance of a student at an educational organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii), and
"(B) fees, books, supplies, and equipment required for courses of instruction at such an educational organization.
"(d) QUALIFIED TUITION REDUCTION.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Gross income shall not include any qualified tuition reduction.
"(2) QUALIFIED TUITION REDUCTION.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'qualified tuition reduction' means the amount of any reduction in tuition provided to an employee of an organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii) for the education (below the graduate level) at such organization (or another organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii)) of--
"(A) such employee, or
"(B) any person treated as an employee (or whose use is treated as an employee use) under the rules of section 132(f).
"(3) REDUCTION MUST NOT DISCRIMINATE IN FAVOR OF HIGHLY COMPENSATED, ETC.--Paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to any qualified tuition reduction provided with respect to any officer, owner, or highly compensated employee only if such reduction is available on substantially the same terms to each member of a group of employees which is defined under a reasonable classification set up by the employer which does not discriminate in favor of officers, owners, or highly compensated employees (within the meaning of section 414(q))."
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Subsection (a) of section 74 is amended by striking out "(relating to scholarship and fellowship grants)" and inserting in lieu thereof "(relating to qualified scholarships)".
(2) The second sentence of section 1441(b) (relating to income items) is amended to read as follows:
"The items of income referred to in subsection (a) from which tax shall be deducted and withheld at the rate of 14 percent are amounts which are received by a nonresident alien individual who is temporarily present in the United States as a nonimmigrant under subparagraph (F) or (J) of section 101(a)(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act and which are incident to a qualified scholarship to which section 117(a) applies, but only to the extent such amounts are includible in gross income."
(3) Paragraph (6) of section 7871(a) (relating to Indian tribal governments treated as States for certain purposes), as amended by section 112, is amended by striking out subparagraph (B) and by redesignating subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E) as subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D), respectively.
(4) The table of sections for part III of subchapter B of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 117 and inserting in lieu thereof the following new item:
SEC. 131. REPEAL OF DEDUCTION FOR 2-EARNER MARRIED COUPLES.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 221 (relating to deduction for 2-earner married couples) is hereby repealed.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Section 62 is amended by striking out paragraph (16).
(2) Subparagraph (A) of section 86(b)(2) is amended by striking out "sections 221," and inserting in lieu thereof "sections".
(3) The table of sections for part VII of subchapter B of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 221.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Part I of subchapter B of chapter I (defining gross income, adjusted gross income, etc.) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section:
"SEC. 67. 2-PERCENT FLOOR ON MISCELLANEOUS ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--In the case of an individual, the miscellaneous itemized deductions for any taxable year shall be allowed only to the extent that the aggregate of such deductions exceeds 2 percent of adjusted gross income.
"(b) MISCELLANEOUS ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS.--For purposes of this section, the term 'miscellaneous itemized deductions means the itemized deductions other than--
"(1) the deduction under section 163 (relating to interest),
"(2) the deduction under section 164 (relating to taxes),
"(3) the deduction under section 165(a) for losses described in subsection (c)(3) or (d) of section 165,
"(4) the deduction under section 170 (relating to charitable, etc., contributions and gifts),
"(5) the deduction under section 213 (relating to medical, dental, etc., expenses),
"(6) the deduction under section 217 (relating to moving expenses),
"(7) any deduction allowable for impairment-related work expenses,
"(8) the deduction under section 691(c) (relating to deduction for estate tax in case of income in respect of the decedent),
"(9) any deduction allowable in connection with personal property used in a short sale,
"(10) the deduction under section 1341 (relating to computation of tax where taxpayer restores substantial amount held under claim of right),
"(11) the deduction under section 72(b)(3) (relating to deduction where annuity payments cease before investment recovered),
"(12) the deduction under section 171 (relating to deduction for amortizable bond premium), and
"(13) the deduction under section 216 (relating to deductions in connection with cooperative housing corporations).
"(c) DISALLOWANCE OF INDIRECT DEDUCTION THROUGH PASS-THRU ENTITY.--The Secretary shall prescribe regulations which prohibit the indirect deduction through pass-thru entities of amounts which are not allowable as a deduction if paid or incurred directly by an individual and which contain such reporting requirements as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subsection. The preceding sentence shall not apply with respect to estates, trusts, cooperatives, and real estate investment trusts.
"(d) IMPAIRMENT-RELATED WORK EXPENSES.--For purposes of this section, the term 'impairment-related work expenses' means expenses--
"(1) of a handicapped individual (as defined in section 190(b)(3)) for attendant care services at the individual's place of employment and other expenses in connection with such place of employment which are necessary for such individual to be able to work, and
"(2) with respect to which a deduction is allowable under section 162 (determined without regard to this section).
"(e) DETERMINATION OF ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME IN CASE OF ESTATES AND TRUSTS.--For purposes of this section, the adjusted gross income of an estate or trust shall be computed in the same manner as in the case of an individual, except that the deductions for costs which are paid or incurred in connection with the administration of the estate or trust and would not have been incurred if the property were not held in such trust or estate shall be treated as allowable in arriving at adjusted gross income."
(b) TREATMENT OF TRADE AND BUSINESS DEDUCTIONS OF EMPLOYEES.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (2) of section 62 (defining adjusted gross income) is amended to read as follows:
"(2) CERTAIN TRADE AND BUSINESS DEDUCTIONS OF EMPLOYEES.--
"(A) REIMBURSED EXPENSES OF EMPLOYEES.--The deductions allowed by part VI (section 161 and following) which consist of expenses paid or incurred by the taxpayer, in connection with the performance by him of services as an employee, under a reimbursement or other expense allowance arrangement with his employer.
"(B) CERTAIN EXPENSES OF PERFORMING ARTISTS.--The deductions allowed by section 162 which consist of expenses paid or incurred by a qualified performing artist in connection with the performances by him of services in the performing arts as an employee."
(2) DEFINITION OF QUALIFIED PERFORMING ARTIST.--Section 62 is amended--
(A) by striking out "For purposes of this subtitle" and inserting in lieu thereof "(a) GENERAL RULE.--For purposes of this subtitle", and
(B) by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of subsection (a)(2)(B), the term 'qualified performing artist' means, with respect to any taxable year, any individual if--
"(A) such individual performed services in the performing arts as an employee during the taxable year for at least 2 employers,
"(B) the aggregate amount allowable as a deduction under section 162 in connection with the performance of such services exceeds 10 percent of such individual's gross income attributable to the performance of such services, and
"(C) the adjusted gross income of such individual for the taxable year (determined without regard to subsection (a)(2)(B)) does not exceed $16,000.
"(2) NOMINAL EMPLOYER NOT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--An individual shall not be treated as performing services in the performing arts as an employee for any employer during any taxable year unless the amount received by such individual from such employer for the performance of such services during the taxable year equals or exceeds $200.
"(3) SPECIAL RULES FOR MARRIED COUPLES.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except in the case of a husband and wife who lived apart at all times during the taxable year, if the taxpayer is married at the close of the taxable year, subsection (a)(2)(B) shall apply only if the taxpayer and his spouse file a joint return for the taxable year.
"(B) APPLICATION OF PARAGRAPH (1).--In the case of a joint return--
"(i) paragraph (1) (other than subparagraph (C) thereof) shall be applied separately with respect to each spouse, but
"(ii) paragraph (1)(C) shall be applied with respect to their combined adjusted gross income.
"(C) DETERMINATION OF MARITAL STATUS.--For purposes of this subsection, marital status shall be determined under section 7703(a).
"(D) JOINT RETURN.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'joint return' means the joint return of a husband and wife made under section 6013."
(d) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for part I of subchapter B of chapter 1 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new item:
"Sec. 67. 2-percent floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions."
SEC. 133. MEDICAL EXPENSE DEDUCTION LIMITATION INCREASED.
Subsection (a) of section 213 (relating to deduction for medical, dental, etc., expenses) is amended by striking out "5 percent" and inserting in lieu thereof "7.5 percent".
SEC. 134. REPEAL OF DEDUCTION FOR STATE AND LOCAL SALES TAXES.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subsection (a) of section 164 (relating to deduction for taxes) is amended--
(1) by striking out paragraph (4) and by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (4), and
(2) by adding at the end thereof the following new sentence:
"Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, any tax (not described in the first sentence of this subsection) which is paid or accrued by the taxpayer in connection with an acquisition or disposition of property shall be treated as part of the cost of the acquired property or, in the case of a disposition, as a reduction in the amount realized on the disposition."
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--Subsection (b) of section 164 is amended--
(1) by striking out paragraphs (2) and (5), and
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 222 (relating to deduction for adoption expenses) is hereby repealed.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Section 223 is redesignated as section 220.
(2) The table of sections for part VII of subchapter B of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the items relating to sections 222 and 223 and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
SEC. 141. REPEAL OF INCOME AVERAGING.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Part I of subchapter Q of chapter 1 (relating to income averaging) is hereby repealed.
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Subsection (b) of section 3 (relating to section inapplicable to certain individuals) is amended by striking out paragraph (1) and by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively.
(2) Subsection (b) of section 5 (relating to cross references relating to tax on individuals) is amended by striking out paragraph (2) and by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (2).
(3) Subparagraph (B) of section 6511(d)(2) (relating to special rules applicable to income taxes) is amended to read as follows:
"(B) APPLICABLE RULES.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--If the allowance of a credit or refund of an overpayment of tax attributable to a net operating loss carryback or a capital loss carryback is otherwise prevented by the operation of any law or rule of law other than section 7122 (relating to compromises), such credit or refund may be allowed or made, if claim therefor is filed within the period provided in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.
"(ii) TENTATIVE CARRYBACK ADJUSTMENTS.--If the allowance of an application, credit, or refund of a decrease in tax determined under section 6411(b) is otherwise prevented by the operation of any law or rule of law other than section 7122, such application, credit, or refund may be allowed or made if application for a tentative carryback adjustment is made within the period provided in section 6411(a).
"(iii) DETERMINATIONS BY COURTS TO BE CONCLUSIVE.--In the case of any such claim for credit or refund or any such application for a tentative carryback adjustment, the determination by any court, including the Tax Court, in any proceeding in which the decision of the court has become final, shall be conclusive except with respect to--
"(I) the net operating loss deduction and the effect of such deduction, and
"(II) the determination of a short-term capital loss and the effect of such short-term capital loss, to the extent that such deduction or short-term capital loss is affected by a carryback which was not an issue in such proceeding."
SEC. 142. LIMITATIONS ON DEDUCTIONS FOR MEALS, TRAVEL, AND ENTERTAINMENT.
(a) BUSINESS MEALS.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 274 (relating to disallowance of certain entertainment, etc. expenses), as amended by section 122(d), is amended by redesignating subsection (k) as subsection (o) and by inserting after subsection (j) the following new subsection:
"(k) BUSINESS MEALS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--No deduction shall be allowed under this chapter for the expense of any food or beverages unless--
"(A) such expense is not lavish or extravagant under the circumstances, and
"(B) the taxpayer (or an employee of the taxpayer) is present at the furnishing of such food or beverages.
"(2) EXCEPTIONS.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any expense if subsection (a) does not apply to such expense by reason of paragraph (2), (3), (4), (7), (8), or (9) of subsection (e)."
(2) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--
(A) Subsection (e) of section 274 (relating to specific exceptions to application of subsection (a)) is amended by striking out paragraph (1) and by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (10) as paragraphs (1) through (9), respectively.
(B) Paragraph (3) of section 274(e), as redesignated by subparagraph (A), is amended by striking out "paragraph (3)" and inserting in lieu thereof "paragraph (2)".
"(l) ADDITIONAL LIMITATIONS ON ENTERTAINMENT TICKETS.--
"(1) ENTERTAINMENT TICKETS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In determining the amount allowable as a deduction under this chapter for any ticket for any activity or facility described in subsection (d)(2), the amount taken into account shall not exceed the face value of such ticket.
"(B) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN CHARITABLE SPORTS EVENTS.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any ticket for any sports event--
"(i) which is organized for the primary purpose of benefiting an organization which is described in section 501(c)(3) and exempt from tax under section 501(a),
"(ii) all of the net proceeds of which are contributed to such organization, and
"(iii) which utilizes volunteers for substantially all of the work performed in carrying out such event.
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a skybox or other private luxury box leased for more than 1 event, the amount allowable as a deduction under this chapter with respect to such events shall not exceed the sum of the face value of non-luxury box seat tickets for the seats in such box covered by the lease. For purposes of the preceding sentence, 2 or more related leases shall be treated as 1 lease.
"(B) PHASEIN.--In the case of--
"(i) a taxable year beginning in 1987, the amount disallowed under subparagraph (A) shall be 1/3 of the amount which would be disallowed without regard to this subparagraph, and
"(ii) in the case of a taxable year beginning in 1988, the amount disallowed under subparagraph (A) shall be 2/3 of the amount which would have been disallowed without regard to this subparagraph."
"(1) LUXURY WATER TRANSPORTATION.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--No deduction shall be allowed under this chapter for expenses incurred for transportation by water to the extent such expenses exceed twice the aggregate per diem amounts for days of such transportation. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term 'per diem amounts' means the highest amount generally allowable with respect to a day to employees of the executive branch of the Federal Government for per diem while away from home but serving in the United States.
"(B) EXCEPTIONS.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to--
"(i) any expense allocable to a convention, seminar, or other meeting which is held on any cruise ship, and
"(ii) any expense to which subsection (a) does not apply by reason of paragraph (2), (3), (4), (7), (8), or (9) of subsection (e).
"(n) ONLY 80 PERCENT OF MEAL AND ENTERTAINMENT EXPENSES ALLOWED AS DEDUCTION.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The amount allowable as a deduction under this chapter for--
"(A) any expense for food or beverages, and
"(B) any item with respect to an activity which is of a type generally considered to constitute entertainment, amusement, or recreation, or with respect to a facility used in connection with such activity,
shall not exceed 80 percent of the amount of such expense or item which would (but for this paragraph) be allowable as a deduction under this chapter.
"(2) EXCEPTIONS.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any expense if--
"(A) subsection (a) does not apply to such expense by reason of paragraph (2), (3), (4), (7), (8), or (9) of subsection (e),
"(B) in the case of an expense for food or beverages, such expense is excludable from the gross income of the recipient under section 132 by reason of subsection (e) thereof (relating to de minimis fringes),
"(C) such expense is covered by a package involving a ticket described in subsection (l)(1)(B), or
"(D) in the case of an expense for food or beverages before January 1, 1989, such expense is an integral part of a qualified meeting.
"(3) QUALIFIED MEETING.--For purposes of paragraph (2)(D), the term 'qualified meeting' means any convention, seminar, annual meeting, or similar business program with respect to which--
"(A) an expense for food or beverages is not separately stated,
"(B) more than 50 percent of the participants are away from home,
"(C) at least 40 individuals attend, and
"(D) such food and beverages are part of a program which includes a speaker."
(1) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (h) of section 274 (relating to attendance at conventions, etc.) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(7) SEMINARS, ETC. FOR SECTION 212 PURPOSES.--No deduction shall be allowed under section 212 for expenses allocable to a convention, seminar, or similar meeting."
(2) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--Paragraphs (1), (2), (4), and (5) of section 274(h) are each amended--
(A) by striking out "or 212" each place it appears, and
(B) by striking out "or to an activity described in section 212 and" each place it appears.
"(k) DENIAL OF DEDUCTION FOR CERTAIN TRAVEL EXPENSES.--No deduction shall be allowed under this section for traveling expenses (including amounts expended for meals and lodging) while away from home, whether paid directly or by reimbursement, unless there is no significant element of personal pleasure, recreation, or vacation in such travel."
SEC. 143. CHANGES IN TREATMENT OF HOBBY LOSS, ETC.
(a) HOBBY LOSS.--Subsection (d) of section 183 (relating to presumption) is amended--
(1) by striking out "2 or more of the taxable years in the period of 5 consecutive taxable years" and inserting in lieu thereof "3 or more of the taxable years in the period of 5 consecutive taxable years", and
(2) by striking out the last sentence and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
"In the case of an activity which consists in major part of the breeding, training, showing, or racing of horses, the preceding sentence shall be applied by substituting '2' for '3' and '7' for '5'."
(b) TREATMENT OF RENTAL TO EMPLOYER UNDER SECTION 280A.--Subsection (c) of section 280A (relating to exceptions for certain business or rental use; limitation on deductions for such use) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(6) TREATMENT OF RENTAL TO EMPLOYER.--Paragraphs (1) and (3) shall not apply to any item which is attributable to the rental of the dwelling unit (or any portion thereof) by the taxpayer to his employer during any period in which the taxpayer uses the dwelling unit (or portion) in performing services as an employee of the employer."
(c) REVISION OF LIMITATION ON DEDUCTION FOR BUSINESS USE OF HOME.--Paragraph (5) of section 280A(c) (relating to exceptions for certain business or rental use; limitation on deductions for such use) is amended by striking out subparagraph (B) and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
"(i) the deductions allocable to such use which are allowable under this chapter for the taxable year whether or not such unit (or portion thereof) was so used, and
"(ii) the deductions allocable to the trade or business in which such use occurs (but which are not allocable to such use) for such taxable year.
Any amount not allowable as a deduction under this chapter by reason of the preceding sentence shall be taken into account as a deduction (allocable to such use) under this chapter for the succeeding taxable year."
Section 265 (relating to expenses and interest relating to tax-exempt income) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(A) a military housing allowance, or
"(B) a parsonage allowance excludable from gross income under section 107."
SEC. 151. EFFECTIVE DATES.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, the amendments made by this title shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(b) UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION.--The amendment made by section 121 shall apply to amounts received after December 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date.
(c) PRIZES AND AWARDS.--The amendments made by section 122 shall apply to prizes and awards granted after December 31, 1986.
(d) SCHOLARSHIPS.--The amendments made by section 123 shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986, but only in the case of scholarships and fellowships granted after August 16, 1986.
(e) PARSONAGE AND MILITARY HOUSING ALLOWANCES.--The amendment made by section 144 shall apply to taxable years beginning before, on, or after, December 31, 1986.
SEC. 201. MODIFICATION OF ACCELERATED COST RECOVERY SYSTEM.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 168 (relating to accelerated cost recovery system) is amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 168. ACCELERATED COST RECOVERY SYSTEM.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, the depreciation deduction provided by section 167(a) for any tangible property shall be determined by using--
"(1) the applicable depreciation method,
"(2) the applicable recovery period, and
"(3) the applicable convention.
"(b) APPLICABLE DEPRECIATION METHOD.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), the applicable depreciation method is--
"(A) the 200 percent declining balance method,
"(B) switching to the straight line method for the 1st taxable year for which using the straight line method with respect to the adjusted basis as of the beginning of such year will yield a larger allowance.
"(2) 15-YEAR AND 20-YEAR PROPERTY.--In the case of 15-year and 20-year property, paragraph (1) shall be applied by substituting '150 percent' for '200 percent'.
"(3) PROPERTY TO WHICH STRAIGHT LINE METHOD APPLIES.--The applicable depreciation method shall be the straight line method in the case of the following property:
"(A) Nonresidential real property.
"(B) Residential rental property.
"(C) Property with respect to which the taxpayer elects under paragraph (5) to have the provisions of this paragraph apply.
"(4) SALVAGE VALUE TREATED AS ZERO.--Salvage value shall be treated as zero.
"(5) ELECTION.--An election under paragraph (3)(C) may be made with respect to 1 or more classes of property for any taxable year and once made with respect to any class shall apply to all property in such class placed in service during such taxable year. Such an election, once made, shall be irrevocable.
"(c) APPLICABLE RECOVERY PERIOD.--For purposes of this section, the applicable recovery period shall be determined in accordance with the following table:
The applicable
"In the case of: recovery period is:
3-year property 3 years
5-year property 5 years
7-year property 7 years
10-year property 10 years
15-year property 15 years
20-year property 20 years
Residential rental property 27.5 years
Nonresidential real property 31.5 years.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the applicable convention is the half-year convention.
"(2) REAL PROPERTY.--In the case of--
"(A) nonresidential real property, and
"(B) residential rental property, the applicable convention is the mid-month convention.
"(3) SPECIAL RULE WHERE SUBSTANTIAL PROPERTY PLACED IN SERVICE DURING LAST 3 MONTHS OF TAXABLE YEAR.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in regulations, if during any taxable year--
"(i) the aggregate bases of property to which this section applies and which are placed in service during the last 3 months of the taxable year, exceed
"(ii) 40 percent of the aggregate bases of property to which this section applies placed in service during such taxable year,
the applicable convention for all property to which this section applies placed in service during such taxable year shall be the mid-quarter convention.
"(B) CERTAIN REAL PROPERTY NOT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), nonresidential real property and residential rental property shall not be taken into account.
"(4) DEFINITIONS.--
"(A) HALF-YEAR CONVENTION.--The half-year convention is a convention which treats all property placed in service during any taxable year (or disposed of during any taxable year) as placed in service (or disposed of) on the mid-point of such taxable year.
"(B) MID-MONTH CONVENTION.--The mid-month convention is a convention which treats all property placed in service during any month (or disposed of during any month) as placed in service (or disposed of) on the mid-point of such month.
"(C) MID-QUARTER CONVENTION.--The mid-quarter convention is a convention which treats all property placed in service during any quarter of a taxable year (or disposed of during any quarter of a taxable year) as placed in service (or disposed of) on the mid-point of such quarter.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, property shall be classified under the following table:
"Property shall be treated as: class life (in years) of:
3-year property 4 or less
5-year property More than 4 but less than 10
7-year property 10 or more but less than 16
10-year property 16 or more but less than 20
15-year property 20 or more but less than 25
20-year property 25 or more.
"(A) RESIDENTIAL RENTAL PROPERTY.--The term 'residential rental property' has the meaning given such term by section 167(j)(2)(B).
"(B) NONRESIDENTIAL REAL PROPERTY.--The term 'nonresidential real property' means section 1250 property which is not--
"(i) residential rental property, or
"(ii) property with a class life of less than 27.5 years.
"(A) 3-YEAR PROPERTY.--The term '3-year property' includes--
"(i) any race horse which is more than 2 years old at the time it is placed in service, and
"(ii) any horse other than a race horse which is more than 12 years old at the time it is placed in service.
"(B) 5-YEAR PROPERTY.--The term '5-year property' includes--
"(i) any automobile or light general purpose truck,
"(ii) any semi-conductor manufacturing equipment,
"(iii) any computer-based telephone central office switching equipment,
"(iv) any qualified technological equipment,
"(v) any property used in connection with research and experimentation, and
"(vi) any property which--
"(I) is described in paragraph (3)(A)(viii), (3)(A)(ix), or (4) of section 48(l), or
"(II) is described in paragraph (15) of section 48(l) and is a qualifying small power production facility within the meaning of section 3(17)(C) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(17)(C)), as in effect on September 1, 1986.
"(i) any railroad track,
"(ii) any single-purpose agricultural or horticultural structure (within the meaning of section 48(p)), and
"(iii) any property which--
"(I) does not have a class life, and
"(II) is not otherwise classified under paragraph (2) or this paragraph.
"(i) any municipal wastewater treatment plant, and
"(ii) any telephone distribution plant and comparable equipment used for 2-way exchange of voice and data communications.
"(E) 20-YEAR PROPERTY.--The term '20-year property' includes any municipal sewers.
"(1) CERTAIN METHODS OF DEPRECIATION.--Any property if
"(A) the taxpayer elects to exclude such property from the application of this section, and
"(B) for the 1st taxable year for which a depreciation deduction would be allowable with respect to such property in the hands of the taxpayer, the property is properly depreciated under the unit-of-production method or any method of depreciation not expressed in a term of years (other than the retirement-replacement-betterment method or similar method).
"(2) CERTAIN PUBLIC UTILITY PROPERTY.--Any public utility property (within the meaning of section 167(l)(3)(A)) if the taxpayer does not use a normalization method of accounting.
"(3) FILMS AND VIDEO TAPE.--Any motion picture film or video tape.
"(4) SOUND RECORDINGS.--Any sound recording described in section 48(r)(5).
"(5) CERTAIN PROPERTY PLACED IN SERVICE IN CHURNING TRANSACTIONS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Property--
"(i) described in paragraph (4) of section 168(e) (as in effect before the amendments made by the Tax Reform Act of 1986), or
"(ii) which would be described in such paragraph if such paragraph were applied by substituting '1987' for '1981' and '1986' for '1980' each place such terms appear.
"(B) SUBPARAGRAPH (A)(ii) NOT TO APPLY.--Clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) shall not apply to--
"(i) any residential rental property or nonresidential real property, or
"(ii) any property if, for the 1st full taxable year in which such property is placed in service--
"(I) the amount allowable as a deduction under this section (as in effect before the date of the enactment of this paragraph) with respect to such property is greater than,
"(II) the amount allowable as a deduction under this section (as in effect on or after such date and using the half-year convention) for such taxable year.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of--
"(A) any tangible property which during the taxable year is used predominantly outside the United States,
"(B) any tax-exempt use property,
"(C) any tax-exempt bond financed property,
"(D) any imported property covered by an Executive order under paragraph (6), and
"(E) any property to which an election under paragraph (7) applies,
the depreciation deduction provided by section 167(a) shall be determined under the alternative depreciation system.
"(2) ALTERNATIVE DEPRECIATION SYSTEM.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the alternative depreciation system is depreciation determined by using--
"(A) the straight line method (without regard to salvage value),
"(B) the applicable convention determined under subsection (d), and
"(C) a recovery period determined under the following table:
"In the case of: shall be:
(i) Property not described in
clause (ii) or (iii) The class life.
(ii) Personal property with
no class life 12 years.
(iii) Nonresidential real and
residential rental property 40 years.
"(A) TAX-EXEMPT USE PROPERTY SUBJECT TO LEASE.--In the case of any tax-exempt use property subject to a lease, the recovery period used for purposes of paragraph (2) shall in no event be less than 125 percent of the lease term.
"(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN PROPERTY ASSIGNED TO CLASSES.--For purposes of paragraph (2), in the case of property described in any of the following subparagraphs of subsection (e)(3), the class life shall be determined as follows:
is described The class
in subparagraph: life is:
(B)(ii) 5
(B)(iii) 9.5
(C)(i) 10
(C)(ii) 15
(D)(i) 24
(D)(ii) 24
(E) 50
"(D) AUTOMOBILES, ETC.--In the case of any automobile or light general purpose truck, the recovery period used for purposes of paragraph (2) shall be 5 years.
"(E) CERTAIN REAL PROPERTY.--In the case of any section 1245 property which is real property with no class life, the recovery period used for purposes of paragraph (2) shall be 40 years.
"(4) PROPERTY USED PREDOMINANTLY OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES.--For purposes of this subsection, rules similar to the rules under section 48(a)(2) (including the exceptions contained in subparagraph (B) thereof) shall apply in determining whether property is used predominantly outside the United States. In addition to the exceptions contained in such subparagraph (B), there shall be excepted any satellite or other spacecraft (or any interest therein) held by a United States person if such satellite or spacecraft was launched from within the United States.
"(5) TAX-EXEMPT BOND FINANCED PROPERTY.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the term 'tax-exempt bond financed property' means any property to the extent such property is financed (directly or indirectly) by an obligation the interest on which is exempt from tax under section 103(a).
"(B) ALLOCATION OF BOND PROCEEDS.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the proceeds of any obligation shall be treated as used to finance property acquired in connection with the issuance of such obligation in the order in which such property is placed in service.
"(C) QUALIFIED RESIDENTIAL RENTAL PROJECTS.--The term 'tax-exempt bond financed property' shall not include any qualified residential rental project (within the meaning of section 142(a)(7)).
"(6) IMPORTED PROPERTY.--
"(A) COUNTRIES MAINTAINING TRADE RESTRICTIONS OR ENGAGING IN DISCRIMINATORY ACTS.--If the President determines that a foreign country--
"(i) maintains nontariff trade restrictions, including variable import fees, which substantially burden United States commerce in a manner inconsistent with provisions of trade agreements, or
"(ii) engages in discriminatory or other acts (including tolerance of international cartels) or policies unjustifiably restricting United States commerce,
the President may by Executive order provide for the application of paragraph (1)(D) to any article or class of articles manufactured or produced in such foreign country for such period as may be provided by such Executive order. Any period specified in the preceding sentence shall not apply to any property ordered before (or the construction, reconstruction, or erection of which began before) the date of the Executive order unless the President determines an earlier date to be in the public interest and specifies such date in the Executive order.
"(B) IMPORTED PROPERTY.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'imported property' means any property if--
"(i) such property was completed outside the United States, or
"(ii) less than 50 percent of the basis of such property is attributable to value added within the United States. For purposes of this subparagraph, the term 'United States' includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the possessions of the United States.
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If the taxpayer makes an election under this paragraph with respect to any class of property for any taxable year, the alternative depreciation system under this subsection shall apply to all property in such class placed in service during such taxable year. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, in the case of nonresidential real property or residential rental property, such election may be made separately with respect to each property.
"(B) ELECTION IRREVOCABLE.--An election under subparagraph (A), once made, shall be irrevocable.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this section--
"(A) PROPERTY OTHER THAN NONRESIDENTIAL REAL PROPERTY.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the term 'tax-exempt use property' means that portion of any tangible property (other than nonresidential real property) leased to a tax-exempt entity.
"(B) NONRESIDENTIAL REAL PROPERTY.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--In the case of nonresidential real property, the term 'tax-exempt use property' means that portion of the property leased to a tax-exempt entity in a disqualified lease.
"(ii) DISQUALIFIED LEASE.--For purposes of this subparagraph, the term 'disqualified lease' means any lease of the property to a tax-exempt entity, but only if--
"(I) part or all of the property was financed (directly or indirectly) by an obligation the interest on which is exempt from tax under section 103(a) and such entity (or a related entity) participated in such financing.
"(II) under such lease there is a fixed or determinable price purchase or sale option which involves such entity (or a related entity) or there is the equivalent of such an option,
"(III) such lease has a lease term in excess of 20 years, or
"(IV) such lease occurs after a sale (or other transfer) of the property by, or lease of the property from, such entity (or a related entity) and such property has been used by such entity (or a related entity) before such sale (or other transfer) or lease.
"(iii) 35-PERCENT THRESHOLD TEST.--Clause (i) shall apply to any property only if the portion of such property leased to tax-exempt entities in disqualified leases is more than 35 percent of the property.
"(iv) TREATMENT OF IMPROVEMENTS.--For purposes of this subparagraph, improvements to a property (other than land) shall not be treated as a separate property.
"(v) LEASEBACKS DURING 1ST 3 MONTHS OF USE NOT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--Subclause (IV) of clause (ii) shall not apply to any property which is leased within 3 months after the date such property is first used by the tax-exempt entity (or a related entity).
"(C) EXCEPTION FOR SHORT-TERM LEASES.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--Property shall not be treated as tax-exempt use property merely by reason of a short-term lease.
"(ii) SHORT-TERM LEASE.--For purposes of clause (i), the term 'short-term lease' means any lease the term of which is--
"(I) less than 3 years, and
"(II) less than the greater of 1 year or 30 percent of the property's present class life.
In the case of nonresidential real property and property with no present class life, subclause (II) shall not apply.
"(D) EXCEPTION WHERE PROPERTY USED IN UNRELATED TRADE OR BUSINESS.--The term 'tax-exempt use property' shall not include any portion of a property if such portion is predominantly used by the tax-exempt entity (directly or through a partnership of which such entity is a partner) in an unrelated trade or business the income of which is subject to tax under section 511. For purposes of subparagraph (B)(iii), any portion of a property so used shall not be treated as leased to a tax-exempt entity in a disqualified lease.
"(E) NONRESIDENTIAL REAL PROPERTY DEFINED.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'nonresidential real property' includes residential rental property.
"(2) TAX-EXEMPT ENTITY.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'tax-exempt entity' means--
"(i) the United States, any State or political subdivision thereof, any possession of the United States, or any agency or instrumentality of any of the foregoing,
"(ii) an organization (other than a cooperative described in section 521) which is exempt from tax imposed by this chapter, and
"(iii) any foreign person or entity.
"(B) EXCEPTIONS FOR CERTAIN PROPERTY SUBJECT TO UNITED STATES TAX AND USED BY FOREIGN PERSON OR ENTITY.--
"(i) INCOME FROM PROPERTY SUBJECT TO UNITED STATES TAX.--Clause (iii) of subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to any property if more than 50 percent of the gross income for the taxable year derived by the foreign person or entity from the use of such property is--
"(I) subject to tax under this chapter, or
"(II) included under section 951 in the gross income of a United States shareholder for the taxable year with or within which ends the taxable year of the controlled foreign corporation in which such income was derived.
For purposes of the preceding sentence, any exclusion or exemption shall not apply for purposes of determining the amount of the gross income so derived, but shall apply for purposes of determining the portion of such gross income subject to tax under this chapter.
"(ii) MOVIES AND SOUND RECORDINGS.--Clause (iii) of subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to any qualified film (as defined in section 48(k)(1)(B)) or any sound recording (as defined in section 48(r)(5)).
"(C) FOREIGN PERSON OR ENTITY.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'foreign person or entity' means--
"(i) any foreign government, any international organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any of the foregoing, and
"(ii) any person who is not a United States person.
Such term does not include any foreign partnership or other foreign pass-thru entity.
"(D) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN TAXABLE INSTRUMENTALITIES.--For purposes of this subsection, a corporation shall not be treated as an instrumentality of the United States or of any State or political subdivision thereof if--
"(i) all of the activities of such corporation are subject to tax under this chapter, and
"(ii) a majority of the board of directors of such corporation is not selected by the United States or any State or political subdivision thereof.
"(E) CERTAIN PREVIOUSLY TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this subsection, an organization shall be treated as an organization described in subparagraph (A)(ii) with respect to any property (other than property held by such organization) if such organization was an organization (other than a cooperative described in section 521) exempt from tax imposed by this chapter at any time during the 5-year period ending on the date such property was first used by such organization. The preceding sentence and subparagraph (D)(ii) shall not apply to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.
"(ii) ELECTION NOT TO HAVE CLAUSE (i) APPLY.--
"(I) IN GENERAL.--In the case of an organization formerly exempt from tax under section 501(a) as an organization described in section 501(c)(12), clause (i) shall not apply to such organization with respect to any property if such organization elects not to be exempt from tax under section 501(a) during the tax-exempt use period with respect to such property.
"(II) TAX-EXEMPT USE PERIOD.--For purposes of subclause (I), the term 'tax-exempt use period' means the period beginning with the taxable year in which the property described in subclause (I) is first used by the organization and ending with the close of the 15th taxable year following the last taxable year of the applicable recovery period of such property.
"(III) ELECTION.--Any election under subclause (I), once made, shall be irrevocable.
"(iii) TREATMENT OF SUCCESSOR ORGANIZATIONS.--Any organization which is engaged in activities substantially similar to those engaged in by a predecessor organization shall succeed to the treatment under this subparagraph of such predecessor organization.
"(iv) FIRST USED.--For purposes of this subparagraph, property shall be treated as first used by the organization--
"(I) when the property is first placed in service under a lease to such organization, or
"(II) in the case of property leased to (or held by) a partnership (or other pass-thru entity) in which the organization is a member, the later of when such property is first used by such partnership or pass-thru entity or when such organization is first a member of such partnership or pass-thru entity.
"(A) EXEMPTION WHERE LEASE TERM IS 5 YEARS OR LESS.--For purposes of this section, the term 'tax-exempt use property shall not include any qualified technological equipment if the lease to he tax-exempt entity has a lease term of 5 years or less.
"(B) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN PROPERTY.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'qualified technological equipment' shall not include any property leased to a tax-exempt entity if--
"(I) part or all of the property was financed (directly or indirectly) by an obligation the interest on which is exempt from tax under section 103(a),
"(II) such lease occurs after a sale (or other transfer) of the property by, or lease of such property from, such entity (or related entity) and such property has been used by such entity (or a related entity) before such sale (or other transfer) or lease, or
"(III) such tax-exempt entity is the United States or any agency or instrumentality of the United States.
"(ii) LEASEBACKS DURING 1ST 3 MONTHS OF USE NOT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--Subclause (II) of clause (i) shall not apply to any property which is leased within 3 months after the date such property is first used by the tax-exempt entity (or a related entity).
"(A)(i) Each governmental unit and each agency or instrumentality of a governmental unit is related to each other such unit, agency, or instrumentality which directly or indirectly derives its powers, rights, and duties in whole or in part from the same sovereign authority.
"(ii) For purposes of clause (i), the United States, each State, and each possession of the United States shall be treated as a separate sovereign authority.
"(B) Any entity not described in subparagraph (A)(i) is related to any other entity if the 2 entities have--
"(i) significant common purposes and substantial common membership, or
"(ii) directly or indirectly substantial common direction or control.
"(C)(i) An entity is related to another entity if either entity owns (directly or through 1 or more entities) a 50 percent or greater interest in the capital or profits of the other entity.
"(ii) For purposes of clause (i), entities treated as related under subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be treated as 1 entity.
"(D) An entity is related to another entity with respect to a transaction if such transaction is part of an attempt by such entities to avoid the application of this subsection.
"(5) TAX-EXEMPT USE OF PROPERTY LEASED TO PARTNERSHIPS, ETC., DETERMINED AT PARTNER LEVEL.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any property which is leased to a partnership, the determination of whether any portion of such property is tax-exempt use property shall be made by treating each tax-exempt entity partner's proportionate share (determined under paragraph (6)(C)) of such property as being leased to such partner.
"(B) OTHER PASS-THRU ENTITIES; TIERED ENTITIES.--Rules similar to the rules of subparagraph (A) shall also apply in the case of any pass-thru entity other than a partnership and in the case of tiered partnerships and other entities.
"(C) PRESUMPTION WITH RESPECT TO FOREIGN ENTITIES.--Unless it is otherwise established to the satisfaction of the Secretary, it shall be presumed that the partners of a foreign partnership (and the beneficiaries of any other foreign pass-thru entity) are persons who are not United States persons.
"(6) TREATMENT OF PROPERTY OWNED BY PARTNERSHIPS, ETC.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this subsection, if--
"(i) any property which (but for this subparagraph) is not tax-exempt use property is owned by a partnership which has both a tax-exempt entity and a person who is not a tax-exempt entity as partners, and
"(ii) any allocation to the tax-exempt entity of partnership items is not a qualified allocation,
an amount equal to such tax-exempt entity's proportionate share of such property shall (except as provided in paragraph (1)(D)) be treated as tax-exempt use property.
"(B) QUALIFIED ALLOCATION.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'qualified allocation' means any allocation to a tax-exempt entity which--
"(i) is consistent with such entity's being allocated the same distributive share of each item of income, gain, loss, deduction, credit, and basis and such share remains the same during the entire period the entity is a partner in the partnership, and
"(ii) has substantial economic effect within the meaning of section 704(b)(2).
For purposes of this subparagraph, items allocated under section 704(c) shall not be taken into account.
"(C) DETERMINATION OF PROPORTIONATE SHARE.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), a tax-exempt entity's proportionate share of any property owned by a partnership shall be determined on the basis of such entity's share of partnership items of income or gain (excluding gain allocated under section 704(c)), whichever results in the largest proportionate share.
"(ii) DETERMINATION WHERE ALLOCATIONS VARY.--For purposes of clause (i), if a tax-exempt entity's share of partnership items of income or gain (excluding gain allocated under section 704(c)) may vary during the period such entity is a partner in the partnership, such share shall be the highest share such entity may receive.
"(D) DETERMINATION OF WHETHER PROPERTY USED IN UNRELATED TRADE OR BUSINESS.--For purposes of this subsection, in the case of any property which is owned by a partnership which has both a tax-exempt entity and a person who is not a tax-exempt entity as partners, the determination of whether such property is used in an unrelated trade or business of such an entity shall be made without regard to section 514.
"(E) OTHER PASS-THRU ENTITIES; TIERED ENTITIES.--Rules similar to the rules of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) shall also apply in the case of any pass-thru entity other than a partnership and in the case of tiered partnerships and other entities.
"(F) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN TAXABLE ENTITIES.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this paragraph and paragraph (5), except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, any tax-exempt controlled entity shall be treated as a tax-exempt entity.
"(ii) ELECTION.--If a tax-exempt controlled entity makes an election under this clause--
"(I) such entity shall not be treated as a tax-exempt entity for purposes of this paragraph and paragraph (5), and
"(II) any gain recognized by a tax-exempt entity on any disposition of an interest in such entity (and any dividend or interest received or accrued by a tax-exempt entity from such tax-exempt controlled entity) shall be treated as unrelated business taxable income for purposes of section 511.
Any such election shall be irrevocable and shall bind all tax-exempt entities holding interests in such tax-exempt controlled entity. For purposes of subclause (II), there shall only be taken into account dividends which are properly allocable to income of the tax-exempt controlled entity which was not subject to tax under this chapter.
"(iii) TAX-EXEMPT CONTROLLED ENTITY.--
"(I) IN GENERAL.--The term 'tax-exempt controlled entity' means any corporation (which is not a tax-exempt entity determined without regard to this subparagraph and paragraph (2)(E)) if 50 percent or more (in value) of the stock in such corporation is held by 1 or more tax-exempt entities (other than a foreign person or entity).
"(II) ONLY 5-PERCENT SHAREHOLDERS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN CASE OF PUBLICLY TRADED STOCK.--For purposes of subclause (I), in the case of a corporation the stock of which is publicly traded on an established securities market, stock held by a tax-exempt entity shall not be taken into account unless such entity holds at least 5 percent (in value) of the stock in such corporation. For purposes of this subclause, related entities (within the meaning of paragraph (4)) shall be treated as 1 entity.
"(III) SECTION 318 TO APPLY.--For purposes of this clause, a tax-exempt entity shall be treated as holding stock which it holds through application of section 318 (determined without regard to the 50-percent limitation contained in subsection (a)(2)(C) thereof).
"(i) shall set forth the proper treatment for partnership guaranteed payments, and
"(ii) may provide for the exclusion or segregation of items.
"(8) REGULATIONS.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection.
"(i) DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) CLASS LIFE.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in this section, the term 'class life' means the class life (if any) which would be applicable with respect to any property as of January 1, 1986, under subsection (m) of section 167 (determined without regard to paragraph (4) thereof and as if the taxpayer had made an election under such subsection).
"(B) SECRETARIAL AUTHORITY.--The Secretary, through an office established in the Treasury--
"(i) shall monitor and analyze actual experience with respect to all depreciable assets, and
"(ii) except in the case of residential rental property or nonresidential real property--
"(I) may prescribe a new class life for any property,
"(II) in the case of assigned property, may modify any assigned item, or
"(III) may prescribe a class life for any property which does not have a class life within the meaning of subparagraph (A).
"(C) EFFECT OF MODIFICATION.--Any class life or assigned item with respect to any property prescribed or modified under subparagraph (B) shall be used in classifying such property under subsection (e) and in applying subsection (g).
"(D) NO MODIFICATION OF ASSIGNED PROPERTY BEFORE JANUARY 1, 1992.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, the Secretary may not modify an assigned item under subparagraph (B)(ii)(II) for any assigned property which is placed in service before January 1, 1992.
"(ii) EXCEPTION FOR SHORTER CLASS LIFE.--In the case of assigned property which is placed in service before January 1, 1992, and for which the assigned item reflects a class life which is shorter than the class life under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may modify such assigned item under subparagraph (B)(ii)(II) if such modification results in an item which reflects a shorter class life than such assigned item.
"(E) ASSIGNED PROPERTY AND ITEM.--For purposes of this paragraph--
"(i) ASSIGNED PROPERTY.--The term 'assigned property' means property for which a class life, classification, or recovery period is assigned under subsection (e)(3) or subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of subsection (g)(3);
"(ii) ASSIGNED ITEM.--The term 'assigned item' means the class life, classification, or recovery period assigned under subsection (e)(3) or subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of subsection (g)(3).
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified technological equipment' means--
"(i) any computer or peripheral equipment,
"(ii) any high technology telephone station equipment installed on the customer's premises, and
"(iii) any high technology medical equipment.
"(B) COMPUTER OR PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT DEFINED.--For purposes of this paragraph--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The term 'computer or peripheral equipment' means--
"(I) any computer, and
"(II) any related peripheral equipment.
"(ii) COMPUTER.--The term 'computer' means a programmable electronically activated device which--
"(I) is capable of accepting information, applying prescribed processes to the information, and supplying the results of these processes with or without human intervention, and
"(II) consists of a central processing unit containing extensive storage, logic, arithmetic, and control capabilities.
"(iii) RELATED PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT.--The term 'related peripheral equipment' means any auxiliary machine (whether on-line or off-line) which is designed to be placed under the control of the central processing unit of a computer.
"(iv) EXCEPTIONS.--The term 'computer or peripheral equipment' shall not include--
"(I) any equipment which is an integral part of other property which is not a computer,
"(II) typewriters, calculators, adding and accounting machines, copiers, duplicating equipment, and similar equipment, and
"(III) equipment of a kind used primarily for amusement or entertainment of the user.
"(3) LEASE TERM.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In determining a lease term--
"(i) there shall be taken into account options to renew, and
"(ii) 2 or more successive leases which are part of the same transaction (or a series of related transactions) with respect to the same or substantially similar property shall be treated as 1 lease.
"(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR FAIR RENTAL OPTIONS ON NONRESIDENTIAL REAL PROPERTY OR RESIDENTIAL RENTAL PROPERTY.--For purposes of clause (i) of subparagraph (A), in the case of nonresidential real property or residential rental property, there shall not be taken into account any option to renew at fair market value, determined at the time of renewal.
"(4) GENERAL ASSET ACCOUNTS.--Under regulations, a tax-payer may maintain 1 or more general asset accounts for any property to which this section applies. Except as provided in regulations, all proceeds realized on any disposition of property in a general asset account shall be included in income as ordinary income.
"(5) CHANGES IN USE.--The Secretary shall, by regulations, provide for the method of determining the deduction allowable under section 167(a) with respect to any tangible property for any taxable year (and the succeeding taxable years) during which such property changes status under this section but continues to be held by the same person.
"(6) TREATMENTS OF ADDITIONS OR IMPROVEMENTS TO PROPERTY.--In the case of any addition to (or improvement of) any property--
"(A) any deduction under subsection (a) for such addition or improvement shall be computed in the same manner as the deduction for such property would be computed if such property had been placed in service at the same time as such addition or improvement, and
"(B) the applicable recovery period for such addition or improvement shall begin on the later of--
"(i) the date on which such addition (or improvement) is placed in service, or
"(ii) the date on which the property with respect to which such addition (or improvement) was made is placed in service.
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any property transferred in a transaction described in subparagraph (B), the transferee shall be treated as the transferor for purposes of computing the depreciation deduction determined under this section with respect to so much of the basis in the hands of the transferee as does not exceed the adjusted basis in the hands of the transferor.
"(B) TRANSACTIONS COVERED.--The transactions described in this subparagraph are any transaction described in section 332, 351, 361, 371(a), 374(a), 721, or 731. Subparagraph (A) shall not apply in the case of a termination of a partnership under section 708(b)(1)(B).
"(C) PROPERTY REACQUIRED BY THE TAXPAYER.--Under regulations, property which is disposed of and then reacquired by the taxpayer shall be treated for purposes of computing the deduction allowable under subsection (a) as if such property had not been disposed of.
"(D) EXCEPTION.--This paragraph shall not apply to any transaction to which subsection (f)(5) applies (relating to churning transactions).
"(8) TREATMENT OF LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS.--In the case of any building erected (or improvements made) on leased property, if such building or improvement is property to which this section applies, the depreciation deduction shall be determined under the provisions of this section.
"(9) NORMALIZATION RULES.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In order to use a normalization method of accounting with respect to any public utility property for purposes of subsection (f)(2)--
"(i) the taxpayer must, in computing its tax expense for purposes of establishing its cost of service for rate-making purposes and reflecting operating results in its regulated books of account, use a method of depreciation with respect to such property that is the same as, and a depreciation period for such property that is no shorter than, the method and period used to compute its depreciation expense for such purposes; and
"(ii) if the amount allowable as a deduction under this section with respect to such property differs from the amount that would be allowable as a deduction under section 167 (determined without regard to section 167(l)) using the method (including the period, first and last year convention, and salvage value) used to compute regulated tax expense under clause (i), the taxpayer must make adjustments to a reserve to reflect the deferral of taxes resulting from such difference.
"(B) USE OF INCONSISTENT ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS, ETC.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--One way in which the requirements of subparagraph (A) are not met is if the tax-payer, for rate-making purposes, uses a procedure or adjustment which is inconsistent with the requirements of subparagraph (A).
"(ii) USE OF INCONSISTENT ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS.--The procedures and adjustments which are to be treated as inconsistent for purposes of clause (i) shall include any procedure or adjustment for rate-making purposes which uses an estimate or projection of the taxpayer's tax expense, depreciation expense, or reserve for deferred taxes under subparagraph (A)(ii) unless such estimate or projection is also used, for rate-making purposes, with respect to the other 2 such items and with respect to the rate base.
"(iii) REGULATORY AUTHORITY.--The Secretary may by regulations prescribe procedures and adjustments (in addition to those specified in clause (ii)) which are to be treated as inconsistent for purposes of clause (i).
"(C) PUBLIC UTILITY PROPERTY WHICH DOES NOT MEET NORMALIZATION RULES.--In the case of any public utility property to which this section does not apply by reason of subsection (f)(2), the allowance for depreciation under section 167(a) shall be an amount computed using the method and period referred to in subparagraph (A)(i).
"(10) PUBLIC UTILITY PROPERTY.--The term 'public utility property' has the meaning given such term by section 167(l)(3)(A).
"(11) RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION.--The term 'research and experimentation' has the same meaning as the term research and experimental has under section 174.
"(12) SECTION 1245 AND 1250 PROPERTY.--The terms 'section 1245 property' and 'section 1250 property' have the meanings given such terms by sections 1245(a)(3) and 1250(c), respectively."
(b) SYSTEM USED FOR PURPOSES OF EARNINGS AND PROFITS.--Paragraph (3) of section 312(k) is amended to read as follows:
"(3) EXCEPTION FOR TANGIBLE PROPERTY.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in the case of tangible property to which section 168 applies, the adjustment to earnings and profits for depreciation for any taxable year shall be determined under the alternative depreciation system (within the meaning of section 168(g)(2)).
"(B) TREATMENT OF AMOUNTS DEDUCTIBLE UNDER SECTION 179.--For purposes of computing the earnings and profits of a corporation, any amount deductible under section 179 shall be allowed as a deduction ratably over the period of 5 taxable years (beginning with the taxable year for which such amount is deductible under section 179)."
"(h) MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATING LEASES.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this title, in the case of a qualified motor vehicle operating agreement which contains a terminal rental adjustment clause--
"(A) such agreement shall be treated as a lease if (but for such terminal rental adjustment clause) such agreement would be treated as a lease under this title, and
"(B) the lessee shall not be treated as the owner of the property subject to an agreement during any period such agreement is in effect.
"(2) QUALIFIED MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATING AGREEMENT DEFINED.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified motor vehicle operating agreement' means any agreement with respect to a motor vehicle (including a trailer) which meets the requirements of subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) of this paragraph.
"(B) MINIMUM LIABILITY OF LESSOR.--An agreement meets the requirements of this subparagraph if under such agreement the sum of--
"(i) the amount the lessor is personally liable to repay, and
"(ii) the net fair market value of the lessor's interest in any property pledged as security for property subject to the agreement.
equals or exceeds all amounts borrowed to finance the acquisition of property subject to the agreement. There shall not be taken into account under clause (ii) any property pledged which is property subject to the agreement or property directly or indirectly financed by indebtedness secured by property subject to the agreement.
"(C) CERTIFICATION BY LESSEE; NOTICE OF TAX OWNERSHIP.--An agreement meets the requirements of this subparagraph if such agreement contains a separate written statement separately signed by the lessee--
"(i) under which the lessee certifies, under penalty of perjury, that it intends that more than 50 percent of the use of the property subject to such agreement is to be in a trade or business of the lessee, and
"(ii) which clearly and legibly states that the lessee has been advised that it will not be treated as the owner of the property subject to the agreement for Federal income tax purposes.
"(D) LESSOR MUST HAVE NO KNOWLEDGE THAT CERTIFICATION IS FALSE.--An agreement meets the requirements of this subparagraph if the lessor does not know that the certification described in subparagraph (C)(i) is false.
"(3) TERMINAL RENTAL ADJUSTMENT CLAUSE DEFINED.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'terminal rental adjustment clause' means a provision of an agreement which permits or requires the rental price to be adjusted upward or downward by reference to the amount realized by the lessor under the agreement upon sale or other disposition of such property.
"(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR LESSEE DEALERS.--The term 'terminal rental adjustment clause' also includes a provision of an agreement which requires a lessee who is a dealer in motor vehicles to purchase the motor vehicle for a predetermined price and then resell such vehicle where such provision achieves substantially the same results as a provision described in subparagraph (A)."
(1) SECTION 167.--Paragraph (4) of section 167(m) (relating to termination of class lives) is amended to read as follows:
"(4) TERMINATION.--This subsection shall not apply with respect to any property to which section 168 applies."
(2) SECTION 178.--
(A) Section 178 is amended to read as follows:
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--In determining the amount of the deduction allowable to a lessee of a lease for any taxable year for amortization under section 167, 169, 179, 185, 190, 193, or 194 in respect of any cost of acquiring the lease, the term of the lease shall be treated as including all renewal options (and any other period for which the parties reasonably expect the lease to be renewed) if less than 75 percent of such cost is attributable to the period of the term of the lease remaining on the date of its acquisition.
"(b) CERTAIN PERIODS EXCLUDED.--For purposes of subsection (a), in determining the period of the term of the lease remaining on the date of acquisition, there shall not be taken into account any period for which the lease may subsequently be renewed, extended, or continued pursuant to an option exercisable by the lessee."
"(8) TREATMENT OF PARTNERSHIPS AND S CORPORATIONS.--In the case of a partnership, the limitations of subsection (b) shall apply with respect to the partnership and with respect to each partner. A similar rule shall apply in the case of an S corporation and its shareholders."
(4) SECTION 280F.--
(A) Paragraph (2) of section 280F(a) (relating to depreciation) is amended--
(i) by striking out clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A) thereof and inserting in lieu thereof the following new clauses:
"(i) $2,560 for the 1st taxable year in the recovery period,
"(ii) $4,100 for the 2nd taxable year in the recovery period,
"(iii) $2,450 for the 3rd taxable year in the recovery period, and
"(iv) $1,475 for each succeeding taxable year in the recovery period.", and
(ii) by striking out "$4,800" each place it appears in subparagraph (B) thereof and inserting in lieu thereof "$1,475".
(B) Subparagraph (A) of section 280F(b)(3) (relating to recapture) is amended by striking out "the straight line method over the earnings and profits life" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 168(g) (relating to alternative depreciation system)".
(C) Paragraph (4) of section 280F(b) (relating to definitions) is amended to read as follows:
"(4) PROPERTY PREDOMINANTLY USED IN QUALIFIED BUSINESS USE.--For purposes of this subsection, property shall be treated as predominantly used in a qualified business use for any taxable year if the business use percentage for such taxable year exceeds 50 percent."
(D) Paragraph (4) of section 280F(c) is amended by striking out "section 168(j)(6)(B)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 168(i)(3)(A)".
(E) Paragraph (1) of section 280F(d) is amended by striking out "recovery deduction" and inserting in lieu thereof "depreciation deduction".
(F) Paragraph (2) of section 280F(d) is amended--
(i) by striking out "recovery deduction" and inserting in lieu thereof "depreciation deduction", and
(ii) by striking out "use described in section 168(c)(1) (defining recovery property)" and inserting in lieu thereof "use in a trade or business (including the holding for the production of income)".
(G) Clause (iv) of section 280F(d)(4)(A) is amended by striking out "section 168(j)(5)(D)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 168(i)(2)(B)".
(H) Paragraph (8) of section 280F(d) (defining unrecovered basis) is amended to read as follows:
"(8) UNRECOVERED BASIS.--For purposes of subsection (a)(2), the term 'unrecovered basis' means the adjusted basis of the passenger automobile determined after the application of subsection (a) and as if all use during the recovery period were use in a trade or business (including the holding of property for the production of income)."
(I) Paragraph (10) of section 280F(d) is amended by striking out ", notwithstanding any regulations prescribed under section 168(f)(7),".
(J) Paragraph (2) of section 280F(b) is amended by striking out "the straight line method over the earnings and profits life for such property" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 168(g) (relating to alternative depreciation system)".
(K) Subsections (a) and (b) of section 280F are amended by striking out "recovery deduction" each place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof "depreciation deduction".
(5) SECTION 291.--
(A) Subparagraph (A) of section 291(a)(1) is amended by striking out "or section 1245 recovery property".
(B) Paragraph (1) of section 291(c) is amended to read as follows:
"(1) ACCELERATED COST RECOVERY DEDUCTION.--Section 168 shall apply with respect to that portion of the basis of any property not taken into account under section 169 by reason of subsection (a)(5)."
(C) Section 291(e)(2) is amended by striking out ", 'section 1245 recovery property'," and ", section 1245(a)(5),".
(6) SECTION 312.--Paragraph (4) of section 312(k) is amended by striking out the last sentence.
(7) SECTION 465.--
(A) Subparagraph (C) of section 465(b)(3) is amended to read as follows:
"(C) RELATED PERSON.--For purposes of this subsection, a person (hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as the 'related person') is related to any person if--
"(i) the related person bears a relationship to such person specified in section 267(b) or section 707(b)(1), or
"(ii) the related person and such person are engaged in trades or business under common control (within the meaning of subsections (a) and (b) of section 52).
For purposes of clause (i), in applying section 267(b) or 707(b)(1), '10 percent' shall be substituted for '50 percent'."
(B) Section 46(c)(8)(D)(v) is amended by striking out "section 168(e)(4)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 465(b)(3)(C)".
(C) Section 4162(c)(3) is amended by striking out "section 168(e)(4)(D)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 465(b)(3)(C)".
(8) SECTION 467.--
(A) Paragraph (3) of section 467(e) is amended to read as follows:
"(3) STATUTORY RECOVERY PERIOD.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--
"In the case of: recovery period is:
3-year property 3 years
5-year property 5 years
7-year property 7 years
10-year property 10 years
15-year and 20-year property 15 years
Residential rental property and
nonresidential real property 19 years.
(B) Paragraph (5) of section 467(e) (defining related person) is amended by striking out "section 168(e)(4)(D)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 465(b)(3)(C)".
(9) SECTION 514.--Subclause (II) of section 514(c)(9)(B)(vi) (relating to real property acquired by a qualified organization) is amended by striking out "section 168(j)(9)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 168(h)(6)".
(10) SECTION 751.--Subsection (c) of section 751 (defining unrealized receivables) is amended by striking out "section 1245 recovery property (as defined in section 1245(a)(5)),".
(11) SECTION 1245.--
(A) Paragraph (1) of section 1245(a) (relating to gain from dispositions of certain depreciable property) is amended by striking out "during a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1962, or section 1245 recovery property is disposed of after December 31, 1980,".
(B) Paragraph (2) of section 1245(a) (defining recomputed basis) is amended to read as follows:
"(2) RECOMPUTED BASIS.--For purposes of this section--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'recomputed basis' means, with respect to any property, its adjusted basis recomputed by adding thereto all adjustments reflected in such adjusted basis on account of deductions (whether in respect of the same or other property) allowed or allowable to the tax-payer or to any other person for depreciation or amortization.
"(B) TAXPAYER MAY ESTABLISH AMOUNT ALLOWED.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), if the taxpayer can establish by adequate records or other sufficient evidence that the amount allowed for depreciation or amortization for any period was less than the amount allowable, the amount added for such period shall be the amount allowed.
"(C) CERTAIN DEDUCTIONS TREATED AS AMORTIZATION.--Any deduction allowable under section 179, 190, or 193 shall be treated as if it were a deduction allowable for amortization."
(C) Paragraph (3) of section 1245(a) (defining section 1245 property) is amended by striking out subparagraph (C) and by redesignating subparagraphs (D), (E), and (F) as subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E), respectively.
(D) Subsection (a) of section 1245 is amended by striking out paragraphs (5) and (6).
(12) SECTION 4162.--Paragraph (3) of section 4162(c) (defining related person) is amended by striking out "section 168(e)(4)(D)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 465(b)(3)(C)".
(13) SECTION 6111.--Clause (ii) of section 6111(c)(3)(B) (relating to certain borrowed amounts excluded) is amended by striking out "section 168(e)(4)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 465(b)(3)(C)".
(14) SECTION 7701.--
(A) Subparagraph (A) of section 7701(e)(4) is amended by striking out "section 168(j)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 168(h)".
(B) Paragraph (5) of section 7701(e) (relating to exception for certain low-income housing) is amended by striking out "low-income housing (section 168(c)(2)(F))" and inserting in lieu thereof "property described in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of section 1250(a)(1)(B) (relating to low-income housing)"
(a) LIMITATIONS ON EXPENSING.--Subsection (b) of section 179 (relating o election to expense certain depreciable assets) is amended to read as follows:
"(b) LIMITATIONS.--
"(1) DOLLAR LIMITATION.--The aggregate cost which may be taken into account under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed $10,000.
"(2) REDUCTION IN LIMITATION.--The limitation under paragraph (1) for any taxable year shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount by which the cost of section 179 property placed in service during such taxable year exceeds $200,000.
"(3) LIMITATION BASED ON INCOME FROM TRADE OR BUSINESS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The aggregate cost of section 179 property taken into account under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed the aggregate amount of taxable income of the taxpayer for such taxable year which is derived from the active conduct by the taxpayer of any trade or business during such taxable year.
"(B) CARRYOVER OF UNUSED COST.--The amount of any cost which (but for subparagraph (A)) would have been allowed as a deduction under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall be carried to the succeeding taxable year and added to the amount allowable as a deduction under subsection (a) for such succeeding taxable year.
"(C) COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE INCOME.--For purposes of this paragraph, taxable income derived from the conduct of a trade or business shall be computed without regard to the cost of any section 179 property.
"(4) MARRIED INDIVIDUALS FILING SEPARATELY.--In the case of a husband and wife filing separate returns for the taxable year--
"(A) such individuals shall be treated as 1 taxpayer for purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), and
"(B) unless such individuals elect otherwise, 50 percent of the cost which may be taken into account under subsection (a) for such taxable year (before application of paragraph (3)) shall be allocated to each such individual."
(c) RECAPTURE.--Section 179(d)(10) (relating to recapture in certain cases) is amended by striking out all that follows "at any time" and inserting in lieu thereof a period.
SEC. 203. EFFECTIVE DATES; GENERAL TRANSITIONAL RULES.
(a) GENERAL EFFECTIVE DATES.--
(1) SECTION 201.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in this section, section 204, and section 251(d), the amendments made by section 201 shall apply to property placed in service after December 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date.
(B) ELECTION TO HAVE AMENDMENTS MADE BY SECTION 201 APPLY.--A taxpayer may elect (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate may prescribe) to have the amendments made by section 201 apply to any property placed in service after July 31, 1986, and before January 1, 1987.
(2) SECTION 202.--The amendments made by section 202 shall apply to property placed in service after December 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date.
(b) GENERAL TRANSITIONAL RULE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to--
(A) any property which is constructed, reconstructed, or acquired by the taxpayer pursuant to a written contract which was binding on March 1, 1986,
(B) property which is constructed or reconstructed by the taxpayer if--
(i) the lesser of (I) $1,000,000, or (II) 5 percent of the cost of such property has been incurred or committed by March 1, 1986, and
(ii) the construction or reconstruction of such property began by such date, or
(C) an equipped building or plant facility if construction has commenced as of March 1, 1986, pursuant to a written specific plan and more than one-half of the cost of such equipped building or facility has been incurred or committed by such date.
(2) REQUIREMENT THAT CERTAIN PROPERTY BE PLACED IN SERVICE BEFORE CERTAIN DATE.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (1) and section 204(a) (other than paragraph (8) or (12) thereof) shall not apply to any property unless such property has a class life of at least 7 years and is placed in service before the applicable date determined under the following table:
with a class life of: date is:
At least 7 but less
than 20 years January 1, 1989
20 years or more January 1, 1991.
(C) CLASS LIVES.--For purposes of subparagraph (A)--
(i) the class life of property to which section 168(g)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by section 201) shall be the class life in effect on January 1, 1986, except that computer-based telephone central office switching equipment described in section 168(e)(3)(B)(iii) of such Code shall be treated as having a class life of 6 years,
(ii) property described in section 204(a) shall be treated as having a class life of 20 years, and
(iii) property with no class life shall be treated as having a class life of 12 years.
(D) SUBSTITUTION OF APPLICABLE DATES.--If any provision of this Act substitutes a date for an applicable date, this paragraph shall be applied by using such date.
(3) PROPERTY QUALIFIES IF SOLD AND LEASED BACK IN 3 MONTHS.--Property shall be treated as meeting the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2) or section 204(a) with respect to any taxpayer if such property is acquired by the taxpayer from a person--
(A) in whose hands such property met the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2) or section 204(a), or
(B) who placed the property in service before January 1, 1987,
and such property is leased back by the taxpayer to such person not later than the earlier of the applicable date under paragraph (2) or the day which is 3 months after such property was placed in service.
(4) PLANT FACILITY.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the term "plant facility" means a facility which does not include any building (or with respect to which buildings constitute an insignificant portion) and which is--
(A) a self-contained single operating unit or processing operation,
(B) located on a single site, and
(C) identified as a single unitary project as of March 1, 1986.
(1) IN GENERAL.--Subparagraph (C) of section 168(g)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this Act) shall apply to property placed in service after December 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date, to the extent such property is financed by the proceeds of an obligation (including a refunding obligation) issued after March 1, 1986.
(2) EXCEPTIONS.--
(A) CONSTRUCTION OR BINDING AGREEMENTS.--Subparagraph (C) of section 168(g)(1) of such Code (as so added) shall not apply to obligations with respect to a facility--
(i)(I) the original use of which commences with the taxpayer, and the construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation of which began before March 2, 1986, and was completed on or after such date,
(II) with respect to which a binding contract to incur significant expenditures for construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation was entered into before March 2, 1986, and some of such expenditures are incurred on or after such date, or
(III) acquired on or after March 2, 1986, pursuant to a binding contract entered into before such date, and
(ii) described in an inducement resolution or other comparable preliminary approval adopted by the issuing authority (or by a voter referendum) before March 2, 1986.
(B) REFUNDING.--
(i) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in clause (ii), in the case of property placed in service after December 31, 1986, which is financed by the proceeds of an obligation which is issued solely to refund another obligation which was issued before March 2, 1986, subparagraph (C) of section 168(g)(1) of such Code (as so added) shall apply only with respect to an amount equal to the basis in such property which has not been recovered before the date such refunded obligation is issued.
(ii) SIGNIFICANT EXPENDITURES.--In the case of facilities the original use of which commences with the taxpayer and with respect to which significant expenditures are made before January 1, 1987, subparagraph (C) of section 168(g)(1) of such Code (as so added) shall not apply with respect to such facilities to the extent such facilities are financed by the proceeds of an obligation issued solely to refund another obligation which was issued before March 2, 1986.
(C) FACILITIES.--In the case of an inducement resolution or other comparable preliminary approval adopted by an issuing authority before March 2, 1986, for purposes of subparagraphs (A) and (B)(ii) with respect to obligations described in such resolution, the term "facilities" means the facilities described in such resolution.
(D) SIGNIFICANT EXPENDITURES.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term "significant expenditures" means expenditures greater than 10 percent of the reasonably anticipated cost of the construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation of the facility involved.
(e) NORMALIZATION REQUIREMENTS.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--A normalization method of accounting shall not be treated as being used with respect to any public utility property for purposes of section 167 or 168 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 if the taxpayer, in computing its cost of service for rate-making purposes and reflecting operating results in its regulated books of account, reduces the excess tax reserve more rapidly or to a greater extent than such reserve would be reduced under the average rate assumption method.
(2) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this subsection--
(A) EXCESS TAX RESERVE.--The term "excess tax reserve" means the excess of--
(i) the reserve for deferred taxes (as described in section 167(l)(3)(G)(ii) or 168(e)(3)(B)(ii) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act), over
(ii) the amount which would be the balance in such reserve if the amount of such reserve were determined by assuming that the corporate rate reductions provided in this Act were in effect for all prior periods.
(B) AVERAGE RATE ASSUMPTION METHOD.--The average rate assumption method is the method under which the excess in the reserve for deferred taxes is reduced over the remaining lives of the property as used in its regulated books of account which gave rise to the reserve for deferred taxes. Under such method, if timing differences for the property reverse, the amount of the adjustment to the reserve for the deferred taxes is calculated by multiplying--
(i) the ratio of the aggregate deferred taxes for the property to the aggregate timing differences for the property as of the beginning of the period in question, by
(ii) the amount of the timing differences which reverse during such period.
(a) OTHER TRANSITIONAL RULES.--
(1) URBAN RENOVATION PROJECTS.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any property which is an integral part of any qualified urban renovation project.
(B) QUALIFIED URBAN RENOVATION PROJECT.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term "qualified urban renovation project" means any project--
(i) described in subparagraph (C), (D), (E), or (G) which before March 1, 1986, was publicly announced by a political subdivision of a State for a renovation of an urban area within its jurisdiction,
(ii) described in subparagraph (C), (D) or (G) which before March 1, 1986, was identified as a single unitary project in the internal financing plans of the primary developer of the project, and
(iii) described in subparagraph (C) or (D), which is not substantially modified on or after March 1, 1986.
(C) PROJECT WHERE AGREEMENT ON DECEMBER 19, 1984.--A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) a political subdivision granted on July 11, 1985, development rights to the primary developer-purchaser of such project, and
(ii) such project was the subject of a development agreement between a political subdivision and a bridge authority on December 19, 1984.
For purposes of this subparagraph, subsection (b)(2) shall be applied by substituting "January 1, 1994" for "January 1, 1991".
(D) CERTAIN ADDITIONAL PROJECTS.--A project is described in this subparagraph if it is described in any of the following clauses of this subparagraph and the primary developer of all such projects is the same person:
(i) A project is described in this clause if the development agreement with respect thereto was entered into during April 1984 and the estimated cost of the project is approximately $194,000,000.
(ii) A project is described in this clause if the development agreement with respect thereto was entered into during May 1984 and the estimated cost of the project is approximately $190,000,000.
(iii) A project is described in this clause if the project has an estimated cost of approximately $92,000,000 and at least $7,000,000 was spent before September 26, 1985, with respect to such project.
(iv) A project is described in this clause if the estimated project cost is approximately $39,000,000 and at least $2,000,000 of construction cost for such project were incurred before September 26, 1985.
(v) A project is described in this clause if the development agreement with respect thereto was entered into before September 26, 1985, and the estimated cost of the project is approximately $150,000,000.
(vi) A project is described in this clause if the board of directors of the primary developer approved such project in December 1982, and the estimated cost of such project is approximately $107,000,000.
(vii) A project is described in this clause if the board of directors of the primary developer approved such project in December 1982, and the estimated cost of such project is approximately $59,000,000.
(viii) A project is described in this clause if the Board of Directors of the primary developer approved such project in December 1983, following selection of the developer by a city council on September 26, 1983, and the estimated cost of such project is approximately $107,000,000."
(E) PROJECT WHERE PLAN CONFIRMED ON OCTOBER 4, 1984.--A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) a State or an agency, instrumentality, or political subdivision thereof approved the filing of a general project plan on June 18, 1981, and on October 4, 1984, a State or an agency, instrumentality, or political subdivision thereof confirmed such plan,
(ii) the project plan as confirmed on October 4, 1984, included construction or renovation of office buildings, a hotel, a trade mart, theaters, and a subway complex, and
(iii) significant segments of such project were the subject of one or more conditional designations granted by a State or an agency, instrumentality, or political subdivision thereof to one or more developers before January 1, 1985.
The preceding sentence shall apply with respect to a property only to the extent that a building on such property site was identified as part of the project plan before September 26, 1985, and only to the extent that the size of the building on such property site was not substantially increased by reason of a modification to the project plan with respect to such property on or after such date. For purposes of this subparagraph, subsection (b)(2) shall be applied by substituting "January 1, 1998" for "January 1, 1991".
(F) A project is described in this paragraph if it is a sports and entertainment facility which--
(i) is to be used by both a National Hockey League team and a National Basketball Association team;
(ii) is to be constructed on a platform utilizing air rights over land acquired by a State authority and identified as site B in a report dated May 30, 1984, prepared for a State urban development corporation; and
(iii) is eligible for real property tax, and power and energy benefits pursuant to the provisions of State legislation approved and effective July 7, 1982, or
(iv) the mixed-use development is--
(I) to be constructed above a public railroad station utilized by the national railroad passenger corporation and commuter railroads serving two States; and
(II) will include the reconstruction of such station so as to make it a more efficient transportation center and to better integrate the station with the development above, such reconstruction plans to be prepared in cooperation with a State transportation authority.
(G) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) an inducement resolution was passed on March 9, 1984, for the issuance of obligations with respect to such project,
(ii) such resolution was extended by resolutions passed on August 14, 1984, April 2, 1985, August 13, 1985, and July 8, 1986,
(iii) an application was submitted on January 31, 1984, for an Urban Development Action Grant with respect to such project, and
(iv) an Urban Development Action Grant was preliminarily approved for all or part of such project on July 3, 1986.
(H) A project is described in this subparagraph if it is a redevelopment project, with respect to which $10,000,000 in industrial revenue bonds were approved by a State Development Finance Authority on January 15, 1986, a village transferred approximately $4,000,000 of bond volume authority to the State in June 1986, and a binding Redevelopment Agreement was executed between a city and the development team on July 1, 1986.
(2) CERTAIN PROJECTS GRANTED FERC LICENSES, ETC.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any property which is part of a project--
(A) which is certified by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission before March 2, 1986, as a qualifying facility for purposes of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978,
(B) which was granted before March 2, 1986, a hydroelectric license for such project by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, or
(C) which is a hydroelectric project of less than 80 megawatts that filed an application for a permit, exemption, or license with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission before March 2, 1986.
(3) SUPPLY OR SERVICE CONTRACTS.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any property which is readily identifiable with and necessary to carry out a written supply or service contract, or agreement to lease, which was binding on March 1, 1986.
(4) PROPERTY TREATED UNDER PRIOR TAX ACTS.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to property described in section 12(c)(2) or 31(g)(5) and 31(g)(17)(j) of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, to property described in section 209(d)(1)(B) of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, as amended by the Tax Reform Act of 1984 and to property described in section 216(b)(3) of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982.
(5) SPECIAL RULES FOR PROPERTY INCLUDED IN MASTER PLANS OF INTEGRATED PROJECTS.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any property placed in service pursuant to a master plan which is clearly identifiable as of March 1, 1986, for any project described in any of the following subparagraphs of this paragraph:
(A) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) the project involves production platforms for off-shore drilling, oil and gas pipeline to shore, process and storage facilities, and a marine terminal, and
(ii) at least $900,000,000 of the costs of such project were incurred before September 26, 1985.
(B) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) such project involves a fiber optic network of at least 20,000 miles, and
(ii) before September 26, 1985, construction commenced pursuant to the master plan and at least $85,000,000 was spent on construction.
(C) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) such project passes through at least 10 States and involves intercity communication links (including one or more repeater sites, terminals and junction stations for microwave transmissions, regenerators or fiber optics and other related equipment),
(ii) the lesser of $150,000,000 or 5 percent of the total project cost has been expended, incurred, or committed before March 2, 1986, by one or more taxpayers each of which is a member of the same affiliated group (as defined in section 1504(a)), and
(iii) such project consists of a comprehensive plan for meeting network capacity requirements as encompassed within either:
(I) a November 5, 1985, presentation made to and accepted by the Chairman of the Board and the president of the taxpayer, or
(II) the approvals by the Board of Directors of the parent company of the taxpayer on May 3, 1985, and September 22, 1985, and of the executive committee of said board on December 23, 1985.
(i) such project is part of a flat rolled product modernization plan which was initially presented to the Board of Directors of the taxpayer on July 8, 1983,
(ii) such program will be carried out at 3 locations, and
(iii) such project will involve a total estimated minimum capital cost of at least $250,000,000.
(E) A project is described in this subparagraph if the project is being carried out by a corporation engaged in the production of paint, chemicals, fiberglass, and glass, and if--
(i) the project includes a production line which applies a thin coating to glass in the manufacture of energy efficient residential products, if approved by the management committee of the corporation on January 29, 1986,
(ii) the project is a turbogenerator which was approved by the president of such corporation and at least $1,000,000 of the cost of which was incurred or committed before such date,
(iii) the project is a waste-to-energy disposal system which was initially approved by the management committee of the corporation on March 29, 1982, and at least $5,000,000 of the cost of which was incurred before September 26, 1985,
(iv) the project, which involves the expansion of an existing service facility and the addition of new lab facilities needed to accommodate topcoat and undercoat production needs of a nearby automotive assembly plant, was approved by the corporation's management committee on March 5, 1986, or
(v) the project is part of a facility to consolidate and modernize the silica production of such corporation and the project was approved by the president of such corporation on August 19, 1985.
(F) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) such project involves a port terminal and oil pipeline extending generally from the area of Los Angeles, California, to the area of Midland, Texas, and
(ii) before September 26, 1985, there is a binding contract for dredging and channeling with respect thereto and a management contract with a construction manager for such project.
(G) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) the project is a newspaper printing and distribution plant project with respect to which a contract for the purchase of 8 printing press units and related equipment to be installed in a single press line was entered into on January 8, 1985, and
(ii) the contract price for such units and equipment represents at least 50 percent of the total cost of such project.
(H) A project is described in this subparagraph if it is the second phase of a project involving direct current transmission lines spanning approximately 190 miles from the United States-Canadian border to Ayer, Massachusetts, alternating current transmission lines in Massachusetts from Ayers to Millbury to West Medway, DC-AC converted terminals to Monroe, New Hampshire, and Ayer, Massachusetts, and other related equipment and facilities.
(I) A project is described in this subparagraph if it involves not more than two natural gas-fired combined cycle electric generating units each having a net electrical capability of approximately 233 megawatts, and a sales contract for approximately one-half of the output of the 1st unit was entered into in December 1985.
(J) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) the project involves an automobile manufacturing facility (including equipment and incidental appurtenances) to be located in the United States, and
(ii) either--
(I) the project was the subject of a memorandum of understanding between 2 automobile manufacturers that was signed before September 25, 1985, the automobile manufacturing facility (including equipment and incidental appurtenances) will involve a total estimated cost of approximately $750,000,000, and will have an annual production capacity of approximately 240,000 vehicles or
(II) the Board of Directors of an automobile manufacturer approved a written plan for the conversion of an existing facility to produce a new model of a vehicle currently not produced in the United States, such facility will be placed in service by July 1, 1987, and such Board action occurred in July 1985, with respect to a $523,000,000 expenditure, in June 1983, with respect to a $475,000,000 expenditure, or in July 1984, with respect to a $312,000,000 expenditure.
(i) the project involves a joint venture between a utility company and a paper company for a super calendar paper mill, and at least $50,000,000 were incurred or committed with respect to such project before March 1, 1986, or
(ii) the project involves a paper mill for the manufacture of newsprint (including a cogeneration facility) is generally based on a written design and feasibility study that was completed on December 15, 1981, and will be placed in service before January 1, 1991, or
(iii) the project is undertaken by a Maine corporation and involves the modernization of pulp and paper mills in Millinocket and/or East Millinocket, Maine, or
(iv) the project involves the installation of a paper machine for production of coated publication papers, the modernization of a pulp mill, and the installation of machinery and equipment with respect to related processes, as of December 31, 1985, in excess of $50,000,000 was incurred for the project, as of July 1986, in excess of $150,000,000 was incurred for the project, and the project is located in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, or
(v) involves property of a type described in ADR classes 26.1, 26.2, 25, 00.3 and 00.4 included in a paper plant which will manufacture and distribute tissue, towel or napkin products; is located in Effingham County, Georgia; and is generally based upon a written General Description which was submitted to the Georgia Department of Revenue on or about June 13, 1985.
(L) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) a letter of intent with respect to such project was executed on June 4, 1985, and
(ii) a 5-percent down payment was made in connection with such project for 2 10-unit press lines and related equipment.
(M) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) the project involves the retrofit of ammonia plants,
(ii) as of March 1, 1986, more than $390,000 had been expended for engineering and equipment, and
(iii) more than $170,000 was expensed in 1985 as a portion of preliminary engineering expense.
(N) A project is described in this subparagraph if the project involves bulkhead intermodal flat cars which are placed in service before January 1, 1987, and either--
(i) more than $2,290,000 of expenditures were made before March 1, 1986, with respect to a project involving up to 300 platforms, or
(ii) more than $95,000 of expenditures were made before March 1, 1986, with respect to a project involving up to 850 platforms.
(O) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) the project involves the production and transportation of oil and gas from a well located north of the Arctic Circle, and
(ii) more than $200,000,000 of cost had been incurred or committed before September 26, 1985.
(P) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) a commitment letter was entered into with a financial institution on January 23, 1986, for the financing of the project,
(ii) the project involves intercity communication links (including microwave and fiber optics communications systems and related property),
(iii) the project consists of communications links between--
(I) Omaha, Nebraska, and Council Bluffs, Iowa,
(II) Waterloo, Iowa and Sioux City, Iowa,
(III) Davenport, Iowa and Springfield, Illinois, and
(iv) the estimated cost of such project is approximately $13,000,000.
(Q) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) such project is a mining modernization project involving mining, transport, and milling operations,
(ii) before September 26, 1985, at least $20,000,000 was expended for engineering studies which were approved by the Board of Directors of the taxpayer on January 27, 1983, and
(iii) such project will involve a total estimated minimum cost of $350,000,000.
(R) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) such project is a dragline acquired in connection with a 3-stage program which began in 1980 to increase production from a coal mine,
(ii) at least $35,000,000 was spent before September 26, 1985, on the 1st 2 stages of the program, and
(iii) at least $4,000,000 was spent to prepare the mine site for the dragline.
(S) A project is described in this subparagraph if it is a project consisting of a mineral processing facility using a heap leaching system (including waste dumps, low-grade dumps, a leaching area, and mine roads) and if--
(i) convertible subordinated debentures were issued in August 1985, to finance the project,
(ii) construction of the project was authorized by the Board of Directors of the taxpayer on or before December 31, 1985,
(iii) at least $750,000 was paid or incurred with respect to the project on or before December 31, 1985, and
(iv) the project is placed in service on or before December 31, 1986.
(T) A project is described in this subparagraph if it is a plant facility on Alaska's North Slope and--
(i) the approximate cost is $575,000,000 of which approximately $100,000,000 was spent on off-site construction or
(ii) the approximate cost of which is $450,000,000, of which approximately $100,000,000 was spent on off-site construction, more than 50 percent of the project cost was spent prior to December 31, 1985, and which will be placed in service in 1987.
(U) A project is described in this subparagraph if it involves the connecting of existing retail stores in the downtown area of a city to a new covered area the total project will be 250,000 square feet, a formal Memorandum of Understanding relating to development of the project was executed with the city on July 2, 1986, and the estimated cost of the project is $18,186,424.
(V) A project is described in this subparagraph if it includes a 200,000 square foot office tower, a 200-room hotel, a 300,000 square foot retail center, an 800-space parking facility, the total cost is projected to be $60,000,000, and $1,250,000 was expended with respect to the site before August 25, 1986.
(W) A project is described in this subparagraph if it is a joint use and development project including an integrated hotel, convention center, office, related retail facilities and public mass transportation terminal, and vehicle parking facilities which satisfies the following conditions:
(i) is developed within certain air space rights and upon real property exchanged for such joint use and development project which is owned or acquired by a state department of transportation, a regional mass transit district in a county with a population of at least 5,000,000 and a community redevelopment agency;
(ii) such project affects an existing, approximately 40 acre public mass transportation bus-way terminal facility located adjacent to an interstate highway;
(iii) a memorandum of understanding with respect to such joint use and development project is executed by a state department of transportation, such a county regional mass transit district and a community redevelopment agency on or before December 31, 1986, and
(iv) a major portion of such joint use and development project is placed in service by December 31, 1990.
(X) A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) it is an $8,000,000 project to provide advanced control technology for adipic acid at a plant, which was authorized by the company's Board of Directors in October 1985, at December 31, 1985, $1,400,000 was committed and $400,000 expended with respect to such project, or
(ii) it is an $8,300,000 project to achieve compliance with State and Federal regulations for particulates emissions, which was authorized by the company's Board of Directors in December 1985, by March 31, 1986, $250,000 was committed and $250,000 was expended with respect to such project, or
(iii) it is a $22,000,000 project for the retrofit of a plant that makes a raw material for aspartame, which was approved in the company's December 1985 capital budget, if approximately $3,000,000 of the $22,000,000 was spent before August 1, 1986.
(Y) A project is described in this subparagraph if such project passes through at least 9 States and involves an intercity communication link (including multiple repeater sites and junction stations for microwave transmissions and amplifiers for fiber optics); the link from Buffalo to New York/Elizabeth was completed in 1984; the link from Buffalo to Chicago was completed in 1985; and the link from New York to Washington is completed in 1986.
(6) NATURAL GAS PIPELINE.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any interstate natural gas pipeline (and related equipment) if--
(A) 3 applications for the construction of such pipeline were filed with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission before November 22, 1985 (and 2 of which were filed before September 26, 1985), and
(B) such pipeline has 1 of its terminal points near Bakersfield, California.
(7) CERTAIN LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any reasonable leasehold improvements, equipment and furnishings placed in service by a lessee or its affiliates if--
(A) the lessee or an affiliate is the original lessee of each building in which such property is to be used,
(B) such lessee is obligated to lease the building under an agreement to lease entered into before September 26, 1985, and such property is provided for such building, and
(C) such buildings are to serve as world headquarters of the lessee and its affiliates.
For purposes of this paragraph, a corporation is an affiliate of another corporation if both corporations are members of a controlled group of corporations within the meaning of section 1563(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 without regard to section 1563(b)(2) of such Code. Such lessee shall include a securities firm that meets the requirements of subparagraph (A), except the lessee is obligated to lease the building under a lease entered into on June 18, 1986.
(8) SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES.--The amendments made by section 201, and section 203(c), shall not apply to the taxpayer who originally places in service any qualified solid waste disposal facility (as defined in section 7701(e)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) if before March 2, 1986--
(A) there is a binding written contract between a service recipient and a service provider with respect to the operation of such facility to pay for the services to be provided by such facility,
(B) a service recipient or governmental unit (or any entity related to such recipient or unit) made a financial commitment of at least $200,000 for the financing or construction of such facility,
(C) such facility is the Tri-Cities Solid Waste Recovery Project involving Fremont, Newark, and Union City, California, and has received an authority to construct from the Environmental Protection Agency or from a State or local agency authorized by the Environmental Protection Agency to issue air quality permits under the Clean Air Act.
(9) CERTAIN SUBMERSIBLE DRILLING UNITS.--In the case of a binding contract entered into on October 30, 1984, for the purchase of 6 semi-submersible drilling units at a cost of $425,000,000, such units shall be treated as having an applicable date under subsection 203(b)(2) of January 1, 1991.
(10) WASTEWATER OR SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITY.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any property which is part of a wastewater or sewage treatment facility if either--
(A) site preparation for such facility commenced before September 1985, and a parish council approved a service agreement with respect to such facility on December 4, 1985;
(B) a city-parish advertised in September 1985, for bids for construction of secondary treatment improvements for such facility, in May 1985, the city-parish received statements from 16 firms interested in privatizing the wastewater treatment facilities, and the metropolitan council selected a privatizer at its meeting on November 20, 1985, and adopted a resolution authorizing the Mayor to enter into contractual negotiation with the selected privatizer;
(C) the property is part of a wastewater treatment facility with respect to which a binding service agreement between a privatizer and the Western Carolina Regional Sewer Authority with respect to such facility was signed before January 1, 1986; or
(D) such property is part of a wastewater treatment facility (located in Cameron County, Texas, within one mile of the City of Harlingen), an application for a wastewater discharge permit was filed with respect to such facility on December 4, 1985, and a City Commission approved a letter of intent relating to a service agreement with respect to such facility on August 7, 1986; or a wastewater facility (located in Harlingen, Texas) which is a subject of the letter of intent and service agreement described in subparagraph (A)(2) of this paragraph and the design of which was contracted for in a letter of intent dated January 23, 1986.
(11) CERTAIN AIRCRAFT.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any new aircraft with 19 or fewer passenger seats if--
(A) the aircraft is manufactured in Kansas, Florida, Georgia, or Texas. For purposes of this subparagraph, an aircraft is "manufactured" at the point of its final assembly,
(B) the aircraft was in inventory or in the planned production schedule of the final assembly manufacturer, with orders placed for the engine(s) on or before August 16, 1986, and
(C) the aircraft is purchased or subject to a binding contract on or before December 31, 1986, and is delivered and placed in service by the purchase, before July 1, 1987.
Section 211(d)(2)(B) shall not apply to aircraft which meet the requirements of this subparagraph.
(12) CERTAIN SATELLITES.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any satellite with respect to which--
(A) on or before January 28, 1986, there was a binding contract to construct or acquire a satellite, and
(i) an agreement to launch was in existence on that date, or
(ii) on or before August 5, 1983, the Federal Communications Commission had authorized the construction and for which the authorized party has a specific although undesignated agreement to launch in existence on January 28, 1986;
(B) by order adopted on July 25, 1985, the Federal Communications Commission granted the taxpayer an orbital slot and authorized the taxpayer to launch and operate 2 satellites with a cost of approximately $300,000,000; or
(C) the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization or the International Maritime Satellite Organization entered into written binding contracts before May 1, 1985.
(13) CERTAIN NONWIRE LINE CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to property that is part of a nonwire line system in the Domestic Public Cellular Radio Telecommunications Service for which the Federal Communications Commission has issued a construction permit before September 26, 1985, but only if such property is placed in service before January 1, 1987.
(14) CERTAIN COGENERATION FACILITIES.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to projects consisting of 1 or more facilities for the cogeneration and distribution of electricity and steam or other forms of thermal energy if--
(A) at least $100,000 was paid or incurred with respect to the project before March 1, 1986, a memorandum of understanding was executed on September 13, 1985, and the project is placed in service before January 1, 1989,
(B) at least $500,000 was paid or incurred with respect to the projects before May 6, 1986, the projects involve a 22-megawatt combined cycle gas turbine plant and a 45-megawatt coal waste plant, and applications for qualifying facility status were filed with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on March 5, 1986,
(C) the project cost approximates $125,000,000 to $140,000,000 and an application was made to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in July 1985,
(D) an inducement resolution for such facility was adopted on September 10, 1985, a development authority was given an inducement date of September 10, 1985, for a loan not to exceed $80,000,000 with respect to such facility, and such facility is expected to have a capacity of approximately 30 megawatts of electric power and 70,000 pounds of steam per hour,
(E) at least $1,000,000 was incurred with respect to the project before May 6, 1986, the project involves a 52-megawatt combined cycle gas turbine plant and a petition was filed with the Connecticut Department of Public Utility Control to approve a power sales agreement with respect to the project on March 27, 1986.
(15) CERTAIN ELECTRIC GENERATING STATIONS.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to a project consisting of a coal-fired electric generating station (including multiple generating units, coal mine equipment, and transmission facilities) if--
(A) a tax-exempt entity will own an equity interest in all property included in the project (except the coal mine equipment), and
(B) at least $72,000 was expended in the acquisition of coal leases, land and water rights, engineering studies, and other development costs before May 6, 1986.
For purposes of this subparagraph, subsection (b)(2) shall be applied by substituting "January 1, 1986" for "January 1, 1991."
(16) SPORTS ARENAS.--
(A) INDOOR SPORTS FACILITY.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to up to $20,000,000 of improvements made by a lessee of any indoor sports facility pursuant to a lease from a State commission granting the right to make limited and specified improvements (including planned seat explanations), if architectural renderings of the project were commissioned and received before December 22, 1985.
(B) METROPOLITAN SPORTS ARENA.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any property which is part of an arena constructed for professional sports activities in a metropolitan area, provided that such arena is capable of seating no less than 18,000 spectators and a binding contract to incur significant expenditures for its construction was entered into before June 1, 1986.
(17) CERTAIN WASTE-TO-ENERGY FACILITIES.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to 2 agricultural waste-to-energy power plants (and required transmission facilities), in connection with which a contract to sell 100 megawatts of electricity to a city was executed in October 1984.
(18) CERTAIN COAL-FIRED PLANTS.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to one of three 540 megawatt coal-fired plants that are placed in service after a sale leaseback occurring after January 1, 1986, if--
(A) the Board of Directors of an electric power cooperation authorized the investigation of a sale leaseback of a nuclear generation facility by resolution dated January 22, 1985, and
(B) a loan was extended by the Rural Electrification Administration on February 20, 1986, which contained a covenant with respect to used property leasing from unit II.
(19) CERTAIN RAIL SYSTEMS.--
(A) The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to a light rail transit system, the approximate cost of which is $235,000,000, if, with respect to which, the board of directors of a corporation (formed in September 1984 for the purpose of developing, financing, and operating the system) authorized a $300,000 expenditure for a feasibility study in April 1985.
(B) The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any project for rehabilitation of regional railroad rights of way and properties including grade crossings which was authorized by the Board of Directors of such company prior to October 1985; and/or was modified, altered or enlarged as a result of termination of company contracts, but approved by said Board of Directors no later than January 30, 1986, and which is in the public interest, and which is subject to binding contracts or substantive commitments by December 31, 1987.
(20) CERTAIN DETERGENT MANUFACTURING FACILITY.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to a laundry detergent manufacturing facility, the approximate cost of which is $13,200,000, with respect to which a project agreement was fully executed on March 17, 1986.
(21) CERTAIN RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITY.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any of 3 resource recovery plants, the aggregate cost of which approximates $300,000,000, if an industrial development authority adopted a bond resolution with respect to such facilities on December 17, 1984, and the projects were approved by the department of commerce of a Commonwealth on December 27, 1984.
(22) The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to a computer and office support center building in Minneapolis, with respect to which the first contract, with an architecture firm, was signed on April 30, 1985, and a construction contract was signed on March 12, 1986.
(23) CERTAIN DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING FACILITIES.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to pipes, mains, and related equipment included in district heating and cooling facilities, with respect to which the development authority of a State approved the project through an inducement resolution adopted on October 8, 1985, and in connection with which approximately $11,000,000 of tax-exempt bonds are to be issued.
(24) CERTAIN VESSELS.--
(A) CERTAIN OFFSHORE VESSELS.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any offshore vessel the construction contract for which was signed on February 28, 1986, and the approximate cost of which is $9,000,000.
(B) CERTAIN INLAND RIVER VESSEL.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to a project involving the reconstruction of an inland river vessel docked on the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri, on July 14, 1986, and with respect to which:
(i) the estimated cost of reconstruction is approximately $39,000,000;
(ii) reconstruction was commenced prior to December 1, 1985;
(iii) at least $17,000,000 was expended before December 31, 1985; and
(C) SPECIAL AUTOMOBILE CARRIER VESSELS.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to two new automobile carrier vessels which will cost approximately $47,000,000 and will be constructed by a United States-flag carrier to operate, under the United States-flag and with an American crew, to transport foreign automobiles to the United States, in a case where negotiations for such transportation arrangements commenced in April 1985, formal contract bids were submitted prior to the end of 1985, and definitive transportation contracts were awarded in May 1986.
(D) The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to a 562-foot passenger cruise ship, which was purchased in 1980 for the purpose of returning the vessel to United States service, the approximate cost of refurbishment of which is approximately $47,000,000.
(25) CERTAIN WOOD ENERGY PROJECTS.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to two wood energy products for which applications with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission were filed before January 1, 1986, which are described as follows:
(A) a 26.5 megawatt plant in Fresno, California, and
(B) a 26.5 megawatt plant in Rocklin, California.
(26) The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to property which is a geothermal project of less than 20 megawatts that was certified by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on July 14, 1986, as a qualifying small power production facility for purposes of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 pursuant to an application filed with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on April 17, 1986.
(27) CERTAIN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS.--The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any of the following projects:
(A) A mixed use development on the East River the total cost of which is approximately $400,000,000, with respect to which a letter of intent was executed on January 24, 1984, and with respect to which approximately $2.5 million had been spent by March 1, 1986.
(B) A 356-room hotel, banquet, and conference facility (including 525,000 square feet of office space) the approximate cost of which is $158,000,000, with respect to which a letter of intent was executed on June 1, 1984, and with respect to which an inducement resolution and bond resolution was adopted on August 20, 1985.
(C) Phase 1 of a 4-phase project involving the construction of laboratory space and ground-floor retail space the estimated cost of which is $32,000,000 and with respect to which a memorandum of understanding was made before August 29, 1983.
(D) A project involving the development of a 490,000 square foot mixed-use building at 152 W. 57th Street and 7th Avenue, New York, New York, the estimated cost of which is $100,000,000, and with respect to which a building permit application was filed in May 1986.
(E) A mixed-use project containing a 300 unit, 12-story hotel, garage, two multi-rise office buildings, and also included a park, renovated riverboat, and barge with festival marketplace, the capital outlays for which approximate $68,000,000.
(F) The construction of a three-story office building that will serve as the home office for an insurance group and its affiliated companies, with respect to which a city agreed to transfer its ownership of the land for the project in a Redevelopment Agreement executed on September 18, 1985, once certain conditions are met.
(G) A commercial bank formed under the laws of the State of New York which entered into an agreement on September 5, 1985, to construct its headquarters at 60 Wall Street, New York, New York, with respect to such head quarters.
(H) Any property which is part of a commercial and residential project, the first phase of which is currently under construction, to be developed on land which is the subject of an ordinance passed on July 20, 1981, by the city council of the city in which such land is located, designating such land and the improvements to be placed thereon as a residential-business planned development, which development is being financed in part by the proceeds of industrial development bonds in the amount of $62,000 issued on December 4, 1985.
(28) The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to an $80,000,000 capital project steel seamless tubular casings minimill and melting facility located in Youngstown, Ohio, which was purchased by the taxpayer in April 1985, and--
(A) the purchase and renovation of which was approved by a committee of the Board of Directors on February 22, 1985, and
(B) as of December 31, 1985, more than $20,000,000 was incurred or committed with respect to the renovation.
(29) The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to any project for residential rental property if--
(A) an inducement resolution with respect to such project was adopted by the State housing development authority on January 18, 1985, and
(B) such project was the subject of law suits filed on June 22, 1984, and November 21, 1985.
(30) The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to a 30 megawatt electric generating facility fueled by geothermal and wood waste, the approximate cost of which is $55,000,000, and with respect to which a 30-year power sales contract was executed on March 22, 1985.
(31) The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to railroad maintenance-of-way equipment, with respect to which a Boston bank entered into a firm binding contract with a major northeastern railroad before March 2, 1986, to finance $10,200,000 of such equipment, if all of the equipment was placed in service before August 1, 1986.
(32) The amendment made by section 201 shall not apply to--
(A) a facility constructed on approximately seven acres of land located on Ogle's Poso Creek Oil field, the primary fuel of which will be bituminous coal from Utah or Wyoming, with respect to which an application for an authority to construct was filed on July 30, 1984, an authority to construct was issued on February 28, 1985, and a prevention of significant deterioration permit application was submitted on June 17, 1985,
(B) a facility constructed on approximately seven acres of land located on Teorco's Jasmin oil field, the primary fuel of which will be bituminous coal from Utah or Wyoming, with respect to which an authority to construct was filed on August 30, 1984, an authority to construct was issued on May 4, 1985, and a prevention of significant deterioration permit application was submitted on July 3, 1985,
(C) the Mountain View Apartments, in Hadley, Massachusetts,
(D) a facility expected to have a capacity of not less than 65 megawatts of electricity, the steam from which is to be sold to a pulp and paper mill, with respect to which application was made to the Federal Regulatory Commission for certification as a qualified facility on November 1, 1985, and received such certification on January 24, 1986,
(E) $2,200,000 of equipment ordered on January 27, 1986, in connection with a 60,000 square foot plant that was completed in 1983,
(F) a magnetic resonance imaging machine, with respect to which a binding contract to purchase was entered into in April 1986, in connection with the construction of a magnetic resonance imaging clinic with respect to which a Determination of Need certification was obtained from a State Department of Public Health on October 22, 1985, if such property is placed in service before December 31, 1986,
(G) a company located in Salina, Kansas, which has been engaged in the construction of highways and city streets since 1946, but only to the extent of $1,410,000 of investment in new section 38 property,
(H) a $300,000 project undertaken by a small metal finishing company located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the first parts of which were received and paid for in January 1986, with respect to which the company received Board approval to purchase the largest piece of machinery it has ever ordered in 1985,
(I) A $1,200,000 finishing machine that was purchased on April 2, 1986 and placed into service in September 1986 by a company located in Davenport, Iowa,
(J) A 25 megawatt small power production facility, with respect to which Qualifying Facility status numbered QF86-593-000 was granted on March 5, 1986,
(K) A $600,000,000, 250 megawatt plant placed in service by the Sierra Pacific Power Company,
(L) 128 units of rental housing the Point Gloria Limited Partnership,
(M) Kenosha Harbor, in Kenosha, Wisconsin,
(N) Lakeland Park Phase II, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana,
(O) the Santa Rosa Hotel, in New Orleans, Louisiana,
(P) the Sheraton Baton Rouge, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana,
(Q) $300,000 of equipment placed in service in 1986, in connection with the renovation of the Best Western Townhouse Convention Center in Cedar Rapids, Iowa,
(R) the segment of a nationwide fiber optics telecommunications network placed in service by Southern Net, the total estimated cost of which is $37,000,000,
(S) two cogeneration facilities, placed in service by the Reading Anthracite Company, costing approximately $110,000,000 each, with respect to which filings were made with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on December 31, 1985, and which are located in Pennsylvania,
(T) a fiber optics network placed in service by Kansas City Southern Industries, the total estimated cost of which is $25,000,000,
(U) 3 newly constructed fishing vessels, and one vessel that is overhauled, placed in service by Mid Coast Marine, but only to the extent of $6,700,000 of investment,
(V) $350,000 of equipment acquired in connection with the reopening of a plant in Bristol, Rhode Island, which plant was purchased by Buttonwoods, Ltd., Associates on February 7, 1986,
(W) $4,046,000 of equipment placed in service by Brendle's Incorporated, acquired in connection with a Distribution Center,
(X) a multi-family mixed-use housing project located in a home rule city, the zoning for which was changed to residential business planned development on November 26, 1985, and with respect to which both the home rule city and the State housing finance agency adopted inducement resolutions on December 20, 1985,
(Y) the Myrtle Beach Convention Center, in South Carolina, to the extent of $25,000,000 of investment, and
(Z) railroad cars placed in service by the Pullman Leasing Company, pursuant to an April 3, 1986 purchase order, costing approximately $10,000,000.
(33) The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to--
(A) $400,000 of equipment placed in service by Super Key Market, if such equipment is placed in service before January 1, 1987,
(B) the Trolley Square project, the total project cost of which is $24,500,000, and the amount of depreciable real property of which is $14,700,000.
(C) a waste-to-energy project in Derry, New Hampshire, costing approximately $60,000,000,
(D) the City of Los Angeles Co-composting project, the estimated cost of which is $62,000,000, with respect to which, on July 17, 1985, the California Pollution Control Financing Authority issued an initial resolution in the maximum amount of $75,000,000 to finance this project,
(E) the St. Charles, Missouri Mixed-Use Center,
(F) Oxford Place in Tulsa, Oklahoma,
(G) an amount of investment generating $20,000,000 of investment tax credits attributable to property used on the Illinois Diversatech Campus,
(H) $25,000,000 of equipment used in the Melrose Park Engine Plant that is sold and leased back by Navistar,
(I) 80,000 vending machines, for a cost approximating $3,400,000 placed into service by Folz Vending Co.,
(J) a 24 megawatt alternative energy facility placed in service by Peat Products, with respect to which certification by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on April 3, 1986, and
(K) Burbank Manors, in Illinois.
(c) APPLICABLE DATE IN CERTAIN CASES.--
(1) Section 203(b)(2) shall be applied by substituting "January 1, 1992" for January 1, 1991" in the following cases.
(A) in the case of a 2-unit nuclear powered electric generating plant (and equipment and incidental appurtenances), constructed pursuant to contracts entered into by the owner operator of the facility before December 31, 1975, including contracts with the engineer/constructor and the nuclear steam system supplier, such contracts shall be treated as contracts described in section 203(b)(1)(A),
(B) a cogeneration facility with respect to which an application with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission was filed on August 2, 1985, and approved October 15, 1985. and approved October 15, 1985.
(C) in the case of a 1,300 megawatt coal-fired steam powered electric generating plant (and related equipment and incidental appurtenances), which the three owners determined in 1984 to convert from nuclear power to coal power and for which more than $600,000,000 had been incurred or committed for construction before September 25, 1985, except that no investment tax credit will be allowable under section 49(d)(3) added by section 211(a) of this Act for any qualified progress expenditures made after December 31, 1990.
(2) Section 203(b)(2) shall be applied by substituting "April 1, 1992" for the applicable date that would otherwise apply, in the case of the second unit of a twin steam electric generating facility and related equipment which was granted a certificate of public convenience and necessity by a public service commission prior to January 1, 1982, if the first unit of the facility was placed in service prior to January 1, 1985, and before September 26, 1985, more than $100,000,000 had been expended toward the construction of the second unit.
(3) Section 203(b)(2) shall be applied by substituting "January 1, 1990," for the applicable date that would otherwise apply in the case of--
(A) new commercial passenger aircraft used by a domestic airline, if a binding contract with respect to such aircraft was entered into before April 1, 1986, and such aircraft has a present class life of 12 years,
(B) a pumped storage hydroelectric project with respect to which an application was made to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for a license on February 4, 1974, and license was issued August 1, 1977, the project number of which is 2740,
(C) a facility for the manufacture of an improved particleboard, if--a binding contract to purchase such equipment was executed March 3, 1986, such equipment will be placed in service by January 1, 1988, and such facility is located in or near Moncure, North Carolina, and
(D) a newsprint mill in Pend Oreille county, Washington, costing about $290,000,000.
(4) The amendments made by section 201 shall not apply to a limited amount of the following property or a limited amount of property set forth in submission before September 16, 1986, by the following taxpayers--
(A) Arena project, Michigan,
(B) Campbell Soup Company, Pennsylvania and California,
(C) Overton, Florida,
(D) Legett and Platt,
(E) East Bank Housing Project,
(F) Standard Telephone Company,
(G) Presidential Air,
(H) Ann Arbor Railroad,
(I) Ada, Michigan Cogeneration,
(J) Anchor Store Project, Michigan,
(K) Biogon Power,
(L) $14,000,000 of television transmitting towers placed in service by Media General, Inc., which were subject to binding contracts as of January 21, 1986, and will be placed in service before January 1, 1988,
(M) Hardage Company,
(N) Mesa Airlines,
(O) Yarn-spinning equipment used at Spring Cotton Mills, and
(P) 328 units of low-income housing at Angelus Plaza.
(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of expenditures for railroad grading and tunnel bores which were incurred by a common carrier by railroad to replace property destroyed in a disaster occurring on or about April 17, 1983, near Thistle, Utah, such expenditures, to the extent not in excess of $15,000,000, shall be treated as recovery property which is 5-year property under section 168 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (as in effect before the amendments made by this Act) and which is placed in service at the time such expenditures were incurred.
(2) BUSINESS INTERRUPTION PROCEEDS.--Business interruption proceeds received for loss of use, revenues, or profits in connection with the disaster described in paragraph (1) and devoted by the taxpayer described in paragraph (1) to the construction of replacement track and related grading and tunnel bore expenditures shall be treated as constituting an amount received from the involuntary conversion of property under section 1033(a)(2) of such Code.
(3) EFFECTIVE DATE.--This subsection shall apply to taxable years ending after April 17, 1983.
(e) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN DISASTER LOSSES.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a disaster described in paragraph (2), at the election of the taxpayer, the amendments made by section 201 of this Act--
(A) shall not apply to any property placed in service during 1987 or 1988, or
(B) shall apply to any property placed in service during 1985 or 1986,
which is property to replace property lost, damaged, or destroyed in such disaster.
(2) DISASTER TO WHICH SECTION APPLIES.--This section shall apply to a flood which occurred on November 3 through 7, 1985, and which was declared a natural disaster area by the President of the United States.
SEC. 211. REPEAL OF REGULAR INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subpart E of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 (relating to investment tax credit) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section:
"SEC. 49. TERMINATION OF REGULAR PERCENTAGE.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--For purposes of determining the amount of the investment tax credit determined under section 46, the regular percentage shall not apply to any property placed in service after December 31, 1985.
"(b) EXCEPTIONS.--Subject to the provisions of subsections (c) and (d), subsection (a) shall not apply to the following:
"(1) TRANSITION PROPERTY.--Property which is transition property (within the meaning of subsection (e)).
"(2) QUALIFIED PROGRESS EXPENDITURE FOR PERIODS BEFORE JANUARY 1, 1986.--In the case of any taxpayer who has made an election under section 46(d)(6), the portion of the adjusted basis of any progress expenditure property attributable to qualified progress expenditures for periods before January 1, 1986.
"(3) QUALIFIED TIMBER PROPERTY.--The portion of the adjusted basis of qualified timber property which is treated as section 38 property under section 48(a)(1)(F).
"(c) 35-PERCENT REDUCTION IN CREDIT FOR TAXABLE YEARS AFTER 1986.--
"(1) REDUCTION IN CURRENT YEAR INVESTMENT CREDIT.--Any portion of the current year business credit under section 38(b) for any taxable year beginning after June 30, 1987, which is attributable to the regular investment credit shall be reduced by 35 percent.
"(2) UNEXPIRED CARRYFORWARDS TO 1ST TAXABLE YEAR BEGINNING AFTER JUNE 30, 1987.--Any portion of the business credit carryforward under section 38(a)(1) attributable to the regular investment credit which has not expired as of the close of the taxable year preceding the 1st taxable year of the taxpayer beginning after June 30, 1987, shall be reduced by 35 percent.
"(3) SPECIAL RULE FOR TAXABLE YEARS BEGINNING BEFORE AND ENDING AFTER JULY 1, 1987.--In the case of any taxable year beginning before and ending after July 1, 1987--
"(A) any portion of the current year business credit under section 38(b) for such taxable year, or
"(B) any portion of the business credit carryforward under section 38(a)(1) to such year,
which is attributable to the regular investment credit shall be reduced by the applicable percentage.
"(4) TREATMENT OF DISALLOWED CREDIT.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The amount of the reduction of the regular investment credit under paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not be allowed as a credit for any taxable year.
"(B) No CARRYBACK FOR YEAR STRADDLING JULY 1, 1987; GROSS UP OF CARRYFORWARDS.--The amount of the reduction of the regular investment credit under paragraph (3)--
"(i) may not be carried back to any taxable year, but
"(ii) shall be added to the carryforwards from the taxable year before applying paragraph (2).
"(A) APPLICABLE PERCENTAGE.--The term 'applicable percentage' means, with respect to a taxable year beginning before and ending after July 1, 1987, the percentage which bears the same ratio to 35 percent as--
"(i) the number of months in such taxable year after June 30, 1987, bears to
"(ii) the number of months in such taxable year.
"(B) REGULAR INVESTMENT CREDIT.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The term 'regular investment credit' has the meaning given such term by section 48(0).
"(ii) EXCEPTION FOR TIMBER PROPERTY.--The term 'regular investment credit' shall not include any portion of the regular investment credit which is attributable to section 38 property described in section 48(a)(1)(F).
"(C) PORTION OF CREDITS ATTRIBUTABLE TO REGULAR INVESTMENT CREDIT.--The portion of any current year business credit or business credit carryforward which is attributable to the regular investment credit shall be determined on the basis that the regular investment credit is used first.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of periods after December 31, 1985, section 48(q) (relating to basis adjustment to section 38 property) shall be applied with respect to transaction property--
"(A) by substituting '100 percent' for '50 percent' in paragraph (1), and
"(B) without regard to paragraph (4) thereof (relating to election of reduced credit in lieu of basis adjustment).
"(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR QUALIFIED PROGRESS EXPENDITURES.--If the taxpayer made an election under section 48(q)(4) with respect to any qualified progress expenditures for periods before January 1, 1986--
"(A) paragraph (1) shall not apply to the portion of the adjusted basis attributable to such expenditures, and
"(B) such election shall not apply to such expenditures for periods after December 31, 1985.
"(1) TRANSITION PROPERTY.--The term 'transition property' means any property placed in service after December 31, 1985, and to which the amendments made by section 201 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 do not apply, except that in making such determination--
"(A) section 203(a)(1)(A) of such Act shall be applied by substituting '1985' for '1986',
"(B) sections 203(b)(1) and 204(a)(3) of such Act shall be applied by substituting 'December 31, 1985' for 'March 1, 1986',
"(C) in the case of transition property with a class life of less than 7 years--
"(i) section 203(b)(2) of such Act shall apply, and
"(ii) in the case of property with a class life--
"(I) of less than 5 years, the applicable date shall be July 1, 1986, and
"(II) at least 5 years, but less than 7 years, the applicable date shall be January 1, 1987, and
"(2) TREATMENT OF PROGRESS EXPENDITURES.--No progress expenditures for periods after December 31, 1985, with respect to any property shall be taken into account for purposes of applying the regular percentage unless it is reasonable to expect that such property will be transition property when placed in service. If any progress expenditures are taken into account by reason of the preceding sentence and subsequently there is not a reasonable expectation that such property would be transition property when placed in service, the credits attributable to progress expenditures with respect to such property shall be recaptured under section 47."
(b) NORMALIZATION RULES.--If, for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1985, the requirements of paragraph (1) or (2) of section 46(f) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 are not met with respect to public utility property to which the regular percentage applied for purposes of determining the amount of the investment tax credit--
(1) all credits for open taxable years as of the time of the final determination referred to in section 46(f)(4)(A) of such Code shall be recaptured, and
(2) if the amount of the taxpayer's unamortized credits (or the credits not previously restored to rate base) with respect to such property (whether or not for open years) exceeds the amount referred to in paragraph (1), the taxpayer's tax for the taxable year shall be increased by the amount of such excess.
If any portion of the excess described in paragraph (2) is attributable to a credit which is allowable as a carryover to a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1985, in lieu of applying paragraph (2) with respect to such portion, the amount of such carryover shall be reduced by the amount of such portion. Rules similar to the rules of this subsection shall apply in the case of any property with respect to which the requirements of section 46(f)(9) of such Code are met.
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for subpart E of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new item:
"Sec. 49. Termination of regular percentage."
(d) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN AIRCRAFT USED IN ALASKA.--
(1) The amendments made by subsection (a) shall not apply to property originally placed in service after December 29, 1982, and before August 1, 1985, by a corporation incorporated in Alaska on May 21, 1953, and used by it--
(A) in part, for the transportation of mail for the United States Postal Service in the State of Alaska, and
(B) in part, to provide air service in the State of Alaska on routes which had previously been served by an air carrier that received compensation from the Civil Aeronautics Board for providing service.
(2) In the case of property described in subparagraph (A)--
(A) such property shall be treated as recovery property described in section 208(d)(5) of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 ("TEFRA");
(B) "48 months" shall be substituted for "3 months" each place it appears in applying--
(i) section 48(b)(2)(B) of the Code, and
(ii) section 168(f)(8)(D) of the Code (as in effect after the amendments made by the Technical Corrections Act of 1982 but before the amendments made by TEFRA); and
(C) the limitation of section 168(f)(8)(D)(ii)(III) (as then in effect) shall be read by substituting "the lessee's original cost basis.", for "the adjusted basis of the lessee at the time of the lease.".
(3) The aggregate amount of property to which this paragraph shall apply shall not exceed $60,000,000.
(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in this subsection, the amendments made by this section shall apply to property placed in service after December 31, 1985, in taxable years ending after such date.
(2) EXCEPTIONS FOR CERTAIN FILMS.--For purposes of determining whether any property is transition property within the meaning of section 49(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986--
(A) in the case of any motion picture or television film, construction shall be treated as including production for purposes of section 203(b)(1) of this Act, and written contemporary evidence of an agreement (in accordance with industry practice) shall be treated as a written binding contract for such purposes,
(B) in the case of any television film, a license agreement or agreement for production services between a television network and a producer shall be treated as a binding contract for purposes of section 203(b)(1)(A) of this Act, and
(C) a motion picture film shall be treated as described in section 203(b)(1)(A) of this Act if--
(i) funds were raised pursuant to a public offering before September 26, 1985, for the production of such film,
(ii) 40 percent of the funds raised pursuant to such public offering are being spent on films the production of which commenced before such date, and
(iii) all of the films funded by such public offering are required to be distributed pursuant to distribution agreements entered into before September 26, 1985.
(4) ADDITIONAL EXCEPTIONS.--
(A) Paragraphs (c) and (d) of section 49 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 shall not apply to any continuous caster facility for slabs and blooms which is subject to a lease and which is part of a project the second phase of which is a continuous slab caster which was placed in service before December 31, 1935.
(B) For purposes of determining whether an automobile manufacturing facility (including equipment and incidental appurtenances) is transition property within the meaning of section 49(e), property with respect to which the Board of Directors of an automobile manufacturer formally approved the plan for the project on January 7, 1985 shall be treated as transition property, but only with respect to $70,000,000 of regular investment tax credits.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--If a qualified corporation makes an election under this section for its 1st taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986, with respect to any portion of its existing carryforwards, the amount determined under subsection (b) shall be treated as a payment against the tax imposed by chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 made by such corporation on the last day prescribed by law (without regard to extensions) for filing its return of tax under chapter 1 of such Code for such 1st taxable year.
(b) AMOUNT.--For purposes of subsection (a), the amount determined under this subsection shall be the lesser of--
(1) 50 percent of the portion of the corporation's existing carryforwards to which the election under subsection (a) applies, or
(2) the corporation's net tax liability for the carryback period.
(c) CORPORATION MAKING ELECTION MAY NOT USE SAME AMOUNTS UNDER SECTION 38.--In the case of a qualified corporation which makes an election under subsection (a), the portion of such corporation's existing carryforwards to which such an election applies shall not be taken into account under section 38 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986.
(d) NET TAX LIABILITY FOR CARRYBACK PERIOD.--For purposes of this section--
(1) IN GENERAL.--A corporation's net tax liability for the carryback period is the aggregate of such corporation's net tax liability for taxable years in the carryback period.
(2) NET TAX LIABILITY.--The term "net tax liability" means, with respect to any taxable year, the amount of the tax imposed by chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 for such taxable year, reduced by the sum of the credits allowable under part IV of subchapter A of such chapter 1 (other than section 34 thereof). For purposes of the preceding sentence, any tax treated as not imposed by chapter 1 of such Code under section 26(b)(2) of such Code shall not be treated as tax imposed by such chapter 1.
(3) CARRYBACK PERIOD.--The term "carryback period" means the period--
(A) which begins with the corporation's 15th taxable year preceding the 1st taxable year from which there is an unused credit included in such corporation's existing carryforwards (but in no event shall such period begin before the corporation's 1st taxable year ending after December 31, 1961), and
(B) which ends with the corporation's last taxable year beginning before January 1, 1986.
(1) the amount of the tax imposed by section 56 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or
(2) the amount of any credit allowable under such Code,
for any taxable year in the carryback period.
(f) REINVESTMENT REQUIREMENT.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Any amount determined under this section must be committed to reinvestment in, and modernization of the steel industry through investment in modern plant and equipment, research and development, and other appropriate projects, such as working capital for steel operations and programs for the retraining of steel workers.
(2) GENERAL RULE.--If this section applies to LTV Corporation, then, in lieu of the requirements of paragraph (1)--
(A) such corporation shall place such refund in a separate account; and
(B) amounts in such separate account--
(i) shall only be used by the corporation--
(I) to purchase an insurance policy which provides that, in the event the corporation becomes involved in a title 11 or similar case (as defined in section 368(a)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954), the insurer will provide life and health insurance coverage during the 1-year period beginning on the date such involvement begins to any individual with respect to whom the corporation would (but for such involvement) have been obligated to provide such coverage the coverage provided by the insurer will be identical to the coverage which the corporation would (but for such involvement) have been obligated to provide, and provides that the payment of insurance premiums will not be required during such 1-year period to keep such policy in force, or
(II) directly in connection with the trade or business of the corporation in the manufacturer or production of steel; and
(ii) shall be used (or obligated) for purposes described in clause (i) not later than 3 months after the corporation receives the refund.
(1) QUALIFIED CORPORATION.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--The term "qualified corporation" means any corporation which is described in section 806(b) of the Steel Import Stabilization Act and a company which was incorporated on February 11, 1983, in Michigan.
(B) CERTAIN PREDECESSORS INCLUDED.--In the case of any qualified corporation which has carryforward attributable to a predecessor corporation described in such section 806(b), the qualified corporation and the predecessor corporation shall be treated as 1 corporation for purposes of subsections (d) and (e).
(2) EXISTING CARRYFORWARDS.--The term "existing carryforward" means the aggregate of the amounts which--
(A) are unused business credit carryforwards to the taxpayer's 1st taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986 (determined without regard to the limitations of section 38(c) and any reduction under section 49 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), and
(B) are attributable to the amount of the regular investment credit determined under section 46(a)(1) of such Code (relating to regular percentage), or any corresponding provision of prior law, determined on the basis that the regular investment credit was used first.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--If a taxpayer who is a qualified farmer makes an election under this section for its 1st taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986, with respect to any portion of its existing carryforwards, the amount determined under subsection (b) shall be treated as a payment against the tax imposed by chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 made by such taxpayer on the last day prescribed by law (without regard to extensions) for filing its return of tax under chapter 1 of such Code for such 1st taxable year.
(b) AMOUNT.--For purposes of subsection (a), the amount determined under this subsection shall be equal to the smallest of--
(1) 50 percent of the portion of the taxpayer's existing carryforwards to which the election under subsection (a) applies,
(2) the taxpayer's net tax liability for the carryback period (within the meaning of section 212(d) of this Act), or
(3) $750.
(c) TAXPAYER MAKING ELECTION MAY NOT USE SAME AMOUNTS UNDER SECTION 38.--In the case of a qualified farmer who makes an election under subsection (a), the portion of such farmer's existing carryforwards to which such an election applies shall not be taken into account under section 38 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986.
(d) NO RECOMPUTATION OF MINIMUM TAX, ETC.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect--
(1) the amount of the tax imposed by section 56 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, or
(2) the amount of any credit allowable under such Code, for any taxable year in the carryback period (within the meaning of section 212(d)(3) of this Act).
(e) DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of this section--
(1) QUALIFIED FARMER.--The term "qualified farmer" means any taxpayer who, during the 3-taxable year period preceding the taxable year for which an election is made under subsection (a), derived 50 percent or more of the taxpayer's gross income from the trade or business of farming.
(2) EXISTING CARRYFORWARD.--The term "existing carryforward" means the aggregate of the amounts which--
(A) are unused business credit carryforwards to the taxpayer's 1st taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986 (determined without regard to the limitations of section 38(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), and
(B) are attributable to the amount of the investment credit determined under section 46(a) of such Code (or any corresponding provision of prior law) with respect to section 38 property which was used by the taxpayer in the trade or business of farming, determined on the basis that such credit was used first.
(3) FARMING.--The term "farming" has the meaning given such term by section 2032A(e)(4) and (5) of such Code.
SEC. 221. REDUCTION IN TAX LIABILITY WHICH MAY BE OFFSET BY BUSINESS CREDIT FROM 85 PERCENT TO 75 PERCENT.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Subparagraph (B) of section 38(c)(1) (relating to limitation based on amount of tax) is amended by striking out "85 percent" and inserting in lieu thereof "75 percent".
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1985.
SEC. 231. AMENDMENTS RELATING TO CREDIT FOR INCREASING RESEARCH ACTIVITIES.
(a) 3-YEAR EXTENSION OF THE RESEARCH CREDIT.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 30 (relating to credit for increasing research activities) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(h) TERMINATION.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--This section shall not apply to any amount paid or incurred after December 31, 1988.
"(2) COMPUTATION OF BASE PERIOD EXPENSES.--In the case of any taxable year which begins before January 1, 1989, and ends after December 31, 1988, any amount for any base period with respect to such taxable year shall be the amount which bears the same ratio to such amount for such base period as the number of days in such taxable year before January 1, 1989, bears to the total number of days in such taxable year."
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Subsection (d) of section 221 of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 is amended--
(A) by striking out ", and before January 1, 1986" in paragraph (1), and
(B) by striking out the last sentence of paragraph (2)(A).
"(d) QUALIFIED RESEARCH DEFINED.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified research' means research--
"(A) with respect to which expenditures may be treated as expenses under section 174,
"(B) which is undertaken for the purpose of discovering information--
"(i) which is technological in nature, and
"(ii) the application of which is intended to be useful in the development of a new or improved business component of the taxpayer, and
"(C) substantially all of the activities of which constitute elements of a process of experimentation for a purpose described in paragraph (3).
Such term does not include any activity described in paragraph (4).
"(2) TESTS TO BE APPLIED SEPARATELY TO EACH BUSINESS COMPONENT.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (1) shall be applied separately with respect to each business component of the taxpayer.
"(B) BUSINESS COMPONENT DEFINED.--The term 'business component' means any product, process, computer software, technique, formula, or invention which is to be--
"(i) held for sale, lease, or license, or
"(ii) used by the taxpayer in a trade or business of the taxpayer.
"(C) SPECIAL RULE FOR PRODUCTION PROCESSES.--Any plant process, machinery, or technique for commercial production of a business component shall be treated as a separate business component (and not as part of the business component being produced).
"(3) PURPOSES FOR WHICH RESEARCH MAY QUALIFY FOR CREDIT.--For purposes of paragraph (1)(C)--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Research shall be treated as conducted for a purpose described in this paragraph if it relates to--
"(i) a new or improved function,
"(ii) performance, or
"(iii) reliability or quality.
"(B) CERTAIN PURPOSES NOT QUALIFIED.--Research shall in no event be treated as conducted for a purpose described in this paragraph if it relates to style, taste, cosmetic, or seasonal design factors.
"(4) ACTIVITIES FOR WHICH CREDIT NOT ALLOWED.--The term 'qualified research' shall not include any of the following:
"(A) RESEARCH AFTER COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION.--Any research conducted after the beginning of commercial production of the business component.
"(B) ADAPTATION OF EXISTING BUSINESS COMPONENTS.--Any research related to the adaptation of an existing business component to a particular customer's requirement or need.
"(C) DUPLICATION OF EXISTING BUSINESS COMPONENT.--Any research related to the reproduction of an existing business component (in whole or in part) from a physical examination of the business component itself or from plans, blueprints, detailed specifications, or publicly available information with respect to such business component.
"(D) SURVEYS, STUDIES, ETC.--Any--
"(i) efficiency survey,
"(ii) activity relating to management function or technique,
"(iii) market research, testing, or development (including advertising or promotions),
"(iv) routine data collection, or
"(v) routine or ordinary testing or inspection for quality control.
"(E) COMPUTER SOFTWARE.--Except to the extent provided in regulations, any research with respect to computer software which is developed by (or for the benefit of) the taxpayer primarily for internal use by the taxpayer, other than for use in--
"(i) an activity which constitutes qualified research (determined with regard to this subparagraph), or
"(ii) a production process with respect to which the requirements of paragraph (1) are met.
"(F) FOREIGN RESEARCH.--Any research conducted outside the United States.
"(G) SOCIAL SCIENCES, ETC.--Any research in the social sciences, arts, or humanities.
"(H) FUNDED RESEARCH.--Any research to the extent funded by any grant, contract, or otherwise by another person (or governmental entity)."
(1) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (a) of section 30 is amended to read as follows:
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--For purposes of section 38, the research credit determined under this section for the taxable year shall be an amount equal to the sum of--
"(1) 20 percent of the excess (if any) of--
"(A) the qualified research expenses for the taxable year, over
"(B) the base period research expenses, and
"(2) 20 percent of the basic research payments determined under subsection (e)(1)(A)."
(2) DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES RELATING TO PAYMENTS FOR BASIC RESEARCH.--Subsection (e) of section 30 (relating to credit available with respect to certain basic research by colleges, universities, and certain research organizations) is amended to read as follows:
"(e) CREDIT ALLOWABLE WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN PAYMENTS TO QUALIFIED ORGANIZATIONS FOR BASIC RESEARCH.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any taxpayer who makes basic research payments for any taxable year--
"(A) the amount of basic research payments taken into account under subsection (a)(2) shall be equal to the excess of--
"(i) such basic research payments, over
"(ii) the qualified organization base period amount, and
"(B) that portion of such basic research payments which does not exceed the qualified organization base period amount shall be treated as contract research expenses for purposes of subsection (a)(1).
"(2) BASIC RESEARCH PAYMENTS DEFINED.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'basic research payment' means, with respect to any taxable year, any amount paid in cash during such taxable year by a corporation to any qualified organization for basic research but only if--
"(i) such payment is pursuant to a written agreement between such corporation and such qualified organization, and
"(ii) such basic research is to be performed by such qualified organization.
"(B) EXCEPTION TO REQUIREMENT THAT RESEARCH BE PERFORMED BY THE ORGANIZATION.--In the case of a qualified organization described in subparagraph (C) or (D) of paragraph (6), clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) shall not apply.
"(3) QUALIFIED ORGANIZATION BASE PERIOD AMOUNT.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'qualified organization base period amount' means an amount equal to the sum of--
"(A) the minimum basic research amount, plus
"(B) the maintenance-of-effort amount.
"(4) MINIMUM BASIC RESEARCH AMOUNT.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'minimum basic research amount' means an amount equal to the greater of--
"(i) 1 percent of the average of the sum of amounts paid or incurred during the base period for--
"(I) any in-house research expenses, and
"(II) any contract research expenses, or
"(ii) the amounts treated as contract research expenses during the base period by reason of this subsection (as in effect during the base period).
"(B) FLOOR AMOUNT.--Except in the case of a taxpayer which was in existence during a taxable year (other than a short taxable year) in the base period, the minimum basic research amount for any base period shall not be less than 50 percent of the basic research payments for the taxable year for which a determination is being made under this subsection.
"(5) MAINTENANCE-OF-EFFORT AMOUNT.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'maintenance-of-effort amount' means, with respect to any taxable year, an amount equal to the excess (if any) of--
"(i) an amount equal to--
"(I) the average of the nondesignated university contributions paid by the taxpayer during the base period, multiplied by
"(II) the cost-of-living adjustment for the calendar year in which such taxable year begins, over
"(ii) the amount of nondesignated university contributions paid by the taxpayer during such taxable year.
"(B) NONDESIGNATED UNIVERSITY CONTRIBUTIONS.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'nondesignated university contribution' means any amount paid by a taxpayer to any qualified organization described in paragraph (6)(A)--
"(i) for which a deduction was allowable under section 170, and
"(ii) which was not taken into account--
"(I) in computing the amount of the credit under this section (as in effect during the base period) during any taxable year in the base period, or
"(II) as a basic research payment for purposes of this section.
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The cost-of-living adjustment for any calendar year is the cost-of-living adjustment for such calendar year determined under section 1(f)(3).
"(ii) SPECIAL RULE WHERE BASE PERIOD ENDS IN A CALENDAR YEAR OTHER THAN 1983 OR 1984.--If the base period of any taxpayer does not end in 1983 or 1984, section 1(f)(3)(B) shall, for purposes of this paragraph, be applied by substituting the calendar year in which such base period ends for 1987.
"(A) EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.--Any educational organization which--
"(i) is an institution of higher education (within the meaning of section 3304(f)), and
"(ii) is described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii).
"(B) CERTAIN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS.--Any organization not described in subparagraph (A) which--
"(i) is described in section 501(c)(3) and is exempt from tax under section 501(a),
"(ii) is organized and operated primarily to conduct scientific research, and
"(iii) is not a private foundation.
"(C) SCIENTIFIC TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS.--Any organization which--
"(i) is described in--
"(I) section 501(c)(3) (other than a private foundation), or
"(II) section 501(c)(6),
"(ii) is exempt from tax under section 501(a),
"(iii) is organized and operated primarily to promote scientific research by qualified organizations described in subparagraph (A) pursuant to written research agreements, and
"(iv) currently expends--
"(I) substantially all of its funds, or
"(II) substantially all of the basic research payments received by it,
"(D) CERTAIN GRANT ORGANIZATIONS.--Any organization not described in subparagraph (B) or (C) which--
"(i) is described in section 501(c)(3) and is exempt from tax under section 501(a) (other than a private foundation),
"(ii) is established and maintained by an organization established before July 10, 1981, which meets the requirements of clause (i),
"(iii) is organized and operated exclusively for the purpose of making grants to organizations described in subparagraph (A) pursuant to written research agreements for purposes of basic research, and
"(iv) makes an election, revocable only with the consent of the Secretary, to be treated as a private foundation for purposes of this title (other than section 4940, relating to excise tax based on investment income).
"(A) BASIC RESEARCH.--The term 'basic research' means any original investigation for the advancement of scientific knowledge not having a specific commercial objective. except that such term shall not include--
"(i) basic research conducted outside of the United States, and
"(ii) basic research in the social sciences, arts, or humanities.
"(B) BASE PERIOD.--The term 'base period' means he 3-taxable-year period ending with the taxable year immediately preceding the 1st taxable year of the taxpayer beginning after December 31, 1983.
"(C) EXCLUSION FROM INCREMENTAL CREDIT CALCULATION.--For purposes of determining the amount of credit allowable under subsection (a)(1) for any taxable year, the amount of the basic research payments taken into account under subsection (a)(2)--
"(i) shall not be treated as qualified research expenses under subsection (a)(1)(A), and
"(ii) shall not be included in the computation of base period research expenses under subsection (a)(1)(B).
"(D) TRADE OR BUSINESS QUALIFICATION.--For purposes of applying subsection (b)(1) to this subsection, any basic research payments shall be treated as an amount paid in carrying on a trade or business of the taxpayer in the taxable year in which it is paid (without regard to the provisions of subsection (b)(3)(B)).
"(E) CERTAIN CORPORATIONS NOT ELIGIBLE.--The term 'corporation' shall not include--
"(i) an S corporation.
"(ii) a personal holding company (as defined in section 542), or
"(iii) a service organization (as defined in section 414(m)(3))."
(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 38(b) (relating to current year business credit), as amended by this Act, is amended by striking out "plus" at the end of paragraph (2), by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (3) and inserting in lieu thereof ", plus", and by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(4) the research credit determined under section 41(a)."
(2) TRANSFER OF RESEARCH CREDIT TO SUBPART RELATING TO BUSINESS CREDITS.--Section 30 (relating to credit for increasing research activities) is hereby transferred to subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by this Act), inserted after section 40 of such Code, and redesignated as section 41 of such Code.
(3) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(A)(i) Subsections (b) and (c) of section 28 are each amended by striking out "section 30" each place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof "section 41".
(ii) Paragraph (2) of section 28(c) is amended by striking out "section 30(b)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 41(b)".
(iii) Paragraph (4) of section 28(d) is amended by striking out "section 30(f)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 41(f)".
(iv) Subparagraph (D) of section 28(b)(1) is amended by striking out "1985" and inserting in lieu thereof "1988".
(B) Subsection (d) of section 38, as amended by this Act, is amended by inserting "41(a)," after "40(a),".
(C)(i) Subsection (d) of section 39 (relating to carryback and carry forward of unused credits) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(3) SIMILAR RULES FOR RESEARCH CREDIT.--Rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (1) and (2) shall apply to the credit allowable under section 30 (as in effect before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986) except that--
"(A) 'December 31, 1985' shall be substituted for December 31, 1983' each place it appears, and
"(B) 'January 1, 1986' shall be substituted for 'January 1, 1984'."
(ii) Subsection (g) of section 41 (relating to limitation based on amount of tax), as redesignated by this section, is amended to read as follows:
"(1) owns an interest in an unincorporated trade or business.
"(2) is a partner in a partnership,
"(3) is a beneficiary of an estate or trust, or
"(4) is a shareholder in an S corporation,
the amount determined under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed an amount (separately computed with respect to such person's interest in such trade or business or entity) equal to the amount of tax attributable to that portion of a person's taxable income which is allocable or apportionable to the person's interest in such trade or business or entity."
"(B) GENERAL BUSINESS CREDIT.--Any carryover to or from the taxable year of a discharge of an amount for purposes for determining the amount allowable as a credit under section 38 (relating to general business credit)."
(E) Paragraph (3) of section 280C(b) is amended--
(i) by striking out "section 30(f)(5)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 41(f)(5)",
(ii) by striking out "section 30(f)(1)(B)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 41(f)(1)(B)", and
(iii) by striking out "section 30(f)(1)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 41(f)(1)".
(F) Subsection (c) of section 381 is amended by striking out paragraph (25) and by redesignating paragraph (26) as paragraph (25).
(G) Section 936(h)(5)(C)(i)(I)(a) (defining product area research) is amended by striking out "section 30(b)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 41(b)".
(H) Section 6411 (relating to tentative carryback and refund adjustments) is amended--
(i) by striking out "by a research credit carryback provided in section 30(g)(2)" in subsection (a),
(ii) by striking out "a research credit carryback or" in subsection (a),
(iii) by striking out "(or, with respect to any portion of a business credit carryback attributable to a research credit carryback from a subsequent taxable year within a period of 12 months from the end of such subsequent taxable year)" in subsection (a), and
(iv) by striking out "unused research credit," each place it appears in subsections (a) and (b).
(I) Subparagraph (C) of section 6511(d)(6) (defining credit carryback) is amended by striking out "and any research credit carryback under section 30(g)(2)".
(J) The table of sections for subpart B of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 30.
(K) The table of sections for subpart D of such part is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 40 the following new item:
(e) DENIAL OF CREDIT WITH RESPECT TO AMOUNTS FOR CERTAIN LEASED PERSONAL PROPERTY.--Clause (iii) of section 41(b)(2)(A) (defining in-house research expenses), as redesignated by subsection (d), is amended to read as follows:
(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in this subsection (2), the amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1985.
(2) SUBSECTION (a).--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1985.
(3) BASIC RESEARCH.--Section 41(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section), and the amendments made by subsection (c)(2), shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
Subsection (e) of section 28 (relating to termination) is amended by striking out "1987" and inserting in lieu thereof "1990".
SEC. 241. REPEAL OF 5-YEAR AMORTIZATION OF TRADEMARK AND TRADE NAME EXPENDITURES.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 177 (relating to trademark and trade name expenditures) is hereby repealed.
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Paragraph (3) of section 312(n) is amended by striking out ". 177,".
(2) Subsection (a) of section 1016 (relating to adjustments to basis) is amended by striking out paragraph (16) and by redesignating paragraphs (17) through (27) as paragraphs (16) through (26), respectively.
(3) The table of sections for part VI of subchapter B of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 177.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall apply to expenditures paid or incurred after December 31, 1986.
(2) TRANSITIONAL RULE.--The amendments made by this section shall not apply to any expenditure incurred--
(A) pursuant to a binding contract entered into before March 2, 1986, or
(B) with respect to the development, protection, expansion, registration, or defense of a trademark or trade name commenced before March 2, 1986, but only if not less than the lesser of $1,000,000 or 5 percent of the aggregate cost of such development, protection, expansion, registration, or defense has been incurred or committed before such date.
The preceding sentence shall not apply to any expenditure with respect to a trademark or trade name placed in service after December 31, 1987.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 185 (relating to amortization of railroad grading and tunnel bores) is hereby repealed.
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Subparagraph (B) of section 1082(a)(2) is amended by striking out ", 185,".
(2) Paragraph (3) of section 1250(b) (defining additional depreciation) is amended by inserting "(as in effect before its repeal by the Tax Reform Act of 1986)" after "185".
(3) The table of sections for part VI of subchapter B of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 185.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall apply to that portion of the basis of any property which is attributable to expenditures paid or incurred after December 31, 1986.
(2) TRANSITIONAL RULE.--The amendments made by this section shall not apply to any expenditure incurred--
(A) pursuant to a binding contract entered into before March 2, 1986, or
(B) with respect to any improvement commenced before March 2, 1986, but only if not less than the lesser of $1,000,000 or 5 percent of the aggregate cost of such improvement has been incurred or committed before such date.
The preceding sentence shall not apply to any expenditure with respect to an improvement placed in service after December 31, 1987.
(a) BUS OPERATING AUTHORITY.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Subject to the modifications contained in paragraph (2), section 266 of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 shall be applied as if the term "motor carrier operating authority" included a bus operating authority.
(2) MODIFICATIONS.--For purposes of paragraph (1), section 266 of such Act shall be applied--
(A) by substituting "November 19, 1982" for "July 1, 1980" each place it appears, and
(B) by substituting "November 1982" for "July 1980" in subsection (a) thereof.
(3) BUS OPERATING AUTHORITY DEFINED.--For purposes of this subsection and section 266 of such Act, the term "bus operating authority" means--
(A) a certificate or permit held by a motor common or contract carrier of passengers which was issued pursuant to subchapter II of chapter 109 of title 49, United States Code, and
(B) a certificate or permit held by a motor carrier authorizing the transportation of passengers, as a common carrier, over regular routes in intrastate commerce which was issued by the appropriate State agency.
(1) IN GENERAL.--Subject to the modifications contained in paragraph (2), section 266 of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 shall be applied as if subsection (b) thereof contained "or a freight forwarder" after "contract carrier of property".
(2) MODIFICATIONS.--The modifications referred to in this paragraph are:
(A) 60-MONTH PERIOD TO BEGIN IN 1987.--The 60-month period referred to in section 266(a) of such Act shall begin with the later of--
(i) the deregulation month, or
(ii) at the election of the taxpayer, the 1st month of the taxpayer's 1st taxable year beginning after the deregulation month.
(B) AUTHORITY MUST BE HELD AS OF BEGINNING OF 60-MONTH PERIOD.--A motor carrier operating authority shall not be taken into account unless such authority is held by the taxpayer at the beginning of the 60-month period applicable to the taxpayer under subparagraph (A).
(C) ADJUSTED BASIS NOT TO EXCEED ADJUSTED BASIS AT BEGINNING OF 60-MONTH PERIOD.--The adjusted basis taken into account with respect to any motor carrier operating authority shall not exceed the adjusted basis of such authority as of the beginning of the 60-month period applicable to the taxpayer under subparagraph (A).
(3) DEREGULATION MONTH.--For purposes of this section, the term "deregulation month" means the month in which the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate determines that a Federal law has been enacted which deregulates the freight forwarding industry.
(c) SPECIAL RULE FOR MOTOR CARRIER OPERATING AUTHORITY.--In the case of a corporation which was incorporated on December 29, 1969, in the State of Delaware, notwithstanding any other provision of law, there shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year of the taxpayer beginning in 1980 an amount equal to $2.705,188 for its entire loss due to a decline in value of its motor carrier operating authority by reason of deregulation.
(d) EFFECTIVE DATES.--
(1) BUS OPERATING AUTHORITY.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years ending after November 18, 1982.
(B) STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.--If refund or credit of any overpayment of tax resulting from subsection (a) is prevented at any time on or before the date which is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act by the operation of any law or rule of law (including res judicata), refund or credit of such overpayment (to the extent attributable to the application of such subsection) may, notwithstanding such law or rule of law, be made or allowed if claim therefore is filed on or before the date which is 18 months after such date of enactment.
(2) FREIGHT FORWARDER OPERATING AUTHORITY.--Subsection (b) shall apply to taxable years ending after the month preceding the deregulation month.
Paragraph (2) of section 190(d) (relating to expenditures to remove architectural and transportation barriers to the handicapped and elderly) is amended by striking out "1983, and before January 1, 1986" and inserting in lieu thereof "1983"
SEC. 251. MODIFICATION OF INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT FOR REHABILITATION EXPENDITURES.
(a) REDUCTION IN PERCENTAGE.--Paragraph (4) of section 46(b) (relating to rehabilitation percentage) is amended to read as follows:
"(4) REHABILITATION PERCENTAGE.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'rehabilitation percentage' means--
"(i) 10 percent in the case of qualified rehabilitation expenditures with respect to a qualified rehabilitated building other than a certified historic structure, and
"(ii) 20 percent in the case of such expenditure with respect to a certified historic structure.
"(B) REGULAR AND ENERGY PERCENTAGES NOT TO APPLY.--The regular percentage and the energy percentages shall not apply to that portion of the basis of any property which is attributable to qualified rehabilitation expenditures."
"(g) SPECIAL RULES FOR QUALIFIED REHABILITATED BUILDINGS.--For purposes of this subpart--
"(1) QUALIFIED REHABILITATED BUILDING.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL--The term 'qualified rehabilitated building' means any building (and its structural components) if--
"(i) such building has been substantially rehabilitated,
"(ii) such building was placed in service before the beginning of the rehabilitation, and
"(iii) in the case of any building other than a certified historic structure, in the rehabilitation process--
"(I) 50 percent or more of the existing external walls of such building are retained in place as external walls,
"(II) 75 percent or more of the existing external walls of such building are retained in place as internal or external walls, and
"(III) 75 percent or more of the existing internal structural framework of such building is retained in place.
"(C) SUBSTANTIALLY REHABILITATED DEFINED.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of subparagraph (A)(i), a building shall be treated as having been substantially rehabilitated only if the qualified rehabilitation expenditures during the 24-month period selected by the taxpayer (at the time and in the manner prescribed by regulations) and ending with or within the taxable year exceed the greater of--
"(I) the adjusted basis of such building (and its structural components), or
"(II) $5,000.
The adjusted basis of the building (and its structural components) shall be determined as of the beginning of the 1st day of such 24-month period, or of the holding period of the building, whichever is later. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the determination of the beginning of the holding period shall be made without regard to any reconstruction by the taxpayer in connection with the rehabilitation.
"(ii) SPECIAL RULE FOR PHASED REHABILITATION.--In the case of any rehabilitation which may reasonably be expected to be completed in phases set forth in architectural plans and specifications completed before the rehabilitation begins, clause (i) shall be applied by substituting '60-month period' for '24-month period'.
"(iii) LESSEES.--The Secretary shall prescribe by regulation rules for applying this subparagraph to lessees.
"(D) RECONSTRUCTION.--Rehabilitation includes reconstruction.
"(2) QUALIFIED REHABILITATION EXPENDITURE DEFINED.--For purposes of this section--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified rehabilitation expenditure' means any amount properly chargeable to capital account--
"(i) for property for which depreciation is allowable under section 168 and which is--
"(I) nonresidential real property,
"(II) residential rental property,
"(III) real property which has a class life of more than 12.5 years, or
"(IV) an addition or improvement to property or housing described in subclause (I), (II), or (III), and
"(ii) in connection with the rehabilitation of a qualified rehabilitated building.
"(B) CERTAIN EXPENDITURES NOT INCLUDED.--The term qualified rehabilitation expenditure' does not include--
"(i) STRAIGHT LINE DEPRECIATION MUST BE USED.--Any expenditure with respect to which the taxpayer does not use the straight line method over a recovery period determined under subsection (c) or (g) of section 168. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any expenditure to the extent the alternative depreciation system of section 168(g) applies to such expenditure by reason of subparagraph (B) or (C) of section 168(g)(1).
"(ii) COST OF ACQUISITION.--The cost of acquiring any building or interest therein.
"(iii) ENLARGEMENTS.--Any expenditure attributable to the enlargement of an existing building.
"(iv) CERTIFIED HISTORIC STRUCTURE, ETC.--Any expenditure attributable to the rehabilitation of a certified historic structure or a building in a registered historic district, unless the rehabilitation is a certified rehabilitation (within the meaning of subparagraph (C)). The preceding sentence shall not apply to a building in a registered historic district if--
"(I) such building was not a certified historic structure,
"(II) the Secretary of the Interior certified to the Secretary that such building is not of historic significance to the district, and
"(III) if the certification referred to in subclause (II) occurs after the beginning of the rehabilitation of such building, the taxpayer certifies to the Secretary that, at the beginning of such rehabilitation, he in good faith was not aware of the requirement of subclause (II).
"(v) TAX-EXEMPT USE PROPERTY.--
"(I) IN GENERAL.--Any expenditure in connection with the rehabilitation of a building which is allocable to that portion of such building which is (or may reasonably be expected to be) tax-exempt use property (within the meaning of section 168(h)).
"(II) CLAUSE NOT TO APPLY FOR PURPOSES OF PARAGRAPH (1)(C).--This clause shall not apply for purposes of determining under paragraph (1)(C) whether a building has been substantially rehabilitated.
"(vi) EXPENDITURES OF LESSEE.--Any expenditure of a lessee of a building if, on the date the rehabilitation is completed, the remaining term of the lease (determined without regard to any renewal periods) is less than the recovery period determined under section 168(c).
"(C) CERTIFIED REHABILITATION.--For purposes of subparagraph (B), the term 'certified rehabilitation' means any rehabilitation of a certified historic structure which the Secretary of the Interior has certified to the Secretary as being consistent with the historic character of such property or the district in which such property is located.
"(D) NONRESIDENTIAL REAL PROPERTY; RESIDENTIAL RENTAL PROPERTY; CLASS LIFE.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the terms 'nonresidential real property', 'residential rental property', and 'class life' have the respective meanings given such terms by section 168.
"(3) CERTIFIED HISTORIC STRUCTURE DEFINED.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'certified historic structure' means any building (and its structural components) which--
"(i) is listed in the National Register, or
"(ii) is located in a registered historic district and is certified by the Secretary of the Interior to the Secretary as being of historic significance to the district.
"(B) REGISTERED HISTORIC DISTRICT.--The term 'registered historic district' means--
"(i) any district listed in the National Register, and
"(ii) any district--
"(I) which is designated under a statute of the appropriate State or local government, if such statute is certified by the Secretary of the Interior to the Secretary as containing criteria which will substantially achieve the purpose of preserving and rehabilitating buildings of historic significance to the district, and
"(II) which is certified by the Secretary of the Interior to the Secretary as meeting substantially all of the requirements for the listing of districts in the National Register.
(c) BASIS ADJUSTMENT FOR CERTIFIED HISTORIC STRUCTURES.--Paragraph (3) of section 48(q) (relating to special rule for qualified rehabilitated buildings) is amended by striking out "other than a certified historic structure".
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the amendments made by this section shall apply to property placed in service after December 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date.
(2) GENERAL TRANSITIONAL RULE.--The amendments made by this section and section 201 shall not apply to any property placed in service before January 1, 1994, if such property is placed in service as part of--
(A) a rehabilitation which was completed pursuant to a written contract which was binding on March 1, 1986, or
(B) a rehabilitation incurred in connection with property (including any leasehold interest) acquired before March 2, 1986, or acquired on or after such date pursuant to a written contract that was binding on March 1, 1986, if--
(i) the rehabilitation was completed pursuant to a written contract that was binding on March 1, 1986,
(ii) parts 1 and 2 of the Historic Preservation Certification Application were filed with the Department of the Interior (or its designee) before March 2, 1986, or
(iii) the lesser of $1,000,000 or 5 percent of the cost of the rehabilitation is incurred before March 2, 1986, or is required to be incurred pursuant to a written contract which was binding on March 1, 1986.
(A) the rehabilitation of 8 bathhouses within the Hot Springs National Park or of buildings in the Central Avenue Historic District at such Park,
(B) the rehabilitation of the Upper Pontabla Building in New Orleans, Louisiana,
(C) the rehabilitation of at least 60 buildings listed on the National Register at the Frankford Arsenal,
(D) the rehabilitation of De Baliveriere Arcade, St. Louis Centre, and Drake Apartments, in Missouri,
(E) the rehabilitation of The Tides in Bristol, Rhode Island,
(F) the rehabilitation and renovation of the Outlet Company building and garage in Providence, Rhode Island,
(G) the rehabilitation of 10 structures in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, with respect to which the Harristown Development Corporation was designated redeveloper and received an option to acquire title to the entire project site for $1 on June 27, 1984,
(H) the rehabilitation of a project involving the renovation of 3 historic structures on the Minneapolis riverfront, with respect to which the developer of the project entered into a redevelopment agreement with a municipality dated January 4, 1985, and industrial development bonds were sold in 3 separate issues in May, July, and October 1985,
(I) the rehabilitation of a bank's main office facilities of approximately 120,000 square feet, in connection with which the bank's board of directors authorized a $3,300,000 expenditure for the renovation and retrofit on March 20, 1984,
(J) the rehabilitation of 10 warehouse buildings built between 1906 and 1910 and purchased under a contract dated February 17, 1986,
(K) the rehabilitation of a facility which is customarily used for conventions and sporting events if an analysis of operations and recommendations of utilization of such facility was prepared by a certified public accounting firm pursuant to an engagement authorized on March 6, 1984, and presented on June 11, 1984, to officials of the city in which such facility is located,
(L) Mount Vernon Mills in Columbia, South Carolina,
(M) the Barbara Jordan II Apartments,
(N) the rehabilitation of the Federal Building and Post Office, 120 Hanover Street, Manchester, New Hampshire,
(O) the rehabilitation of the Charleston Waterfront project in South Carolina,
(P) the Hayes Mansion in San Francisco,
(Q) the renovation of a facility owned by the National Railroad Passenger Corporation ("Amtrak") for which project Amtrak engaged a development team by letter agreement dated August 23, 1985, as modified by letter agreement dated September 9, 1985,
(R) the rehabilitation of a structure or its components which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, will be substantially rehabilitated (as defined in section 48(g)(l)(C) prior to amendment by this Act), prior to December 31, 1989; and was previously utilized as a market and an auto dealership,
(S) The Bellevue Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
(T) the Dixon Mill Housing project in Jersey City, New Jersey,
(U) Motor Square Garden,
(V) the Blackstone Apartments, and the Shriver-Johnson building, in Sioux Falls, South Dakota,
(W) the Holy Name Academy in Spokane, Washington,
(X) the Nike/Clemson Mill in Exeter, New Hampshire,
(Y) the Central Bank Building in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and
(Z) the Heritage Hotel, in the City of Marquette, Michigan.
(4) ADDITIONAL REHABILITATIONS.--The amendments made by this section and section 201 shall not apply to--
(A) the Fort Worth Town Square Project in Texas,
(B) the American Youth Hostel in New York, New York,
(C) The Riverwest Loft Development (including all three phases, two of which do not involve rehabilitations),
(D) the Gaslamp Quarter Historic District in California,
(E) the Eberhardt & Ober Brewery, in Pennsylvania,
(F) the Captain's Walk Limited Partnership-Harris Place Development in Connecticut,
(G) the Velvet Mills in Connecticut,
(H) the Roycroft Inn, in New York,
(I) Old Main Village, in Mankato, Minnesota,
(J) the Washburn-Crosby A Mill, in Minneapolis, Minnesota,
(K) the Lakeland Marbel Arcade in Lakeland, Florida,
(L) the Willard Hotel, in Washington, D.C.,
(M) the H. P. Lau Building in Lincoln, Nebraska,
(N) the Starks Building, in Louisville, Kentucky,
(O) the Bellevue High School, in Bellevue, Kentucky,
(P) the Major Hampden Smith House, in Owensboro, Kentucky,
(Q) the Doe Run Inn, in Brandenburg, Kentucky,
(R) the State National Bank, in Frankfort, Kentucky,
(S) the Captain Jack House, in Fleming, Kentucky,
(T) the Elizabeth Arlinghaus House, in Louisville, Kentucky,
(U) Limerick Shamrock, in Louisville, Kentucky,
(V) the Robert Mills Project, in South Carolina,
(W) the 620 Project, consisting of 3 buildings, in Kentucky,
(X) the Warrior Hotel, Ltd., the first two floors of the Martin Hotel, and the 105,000 square foot warehouse constructed in 1910, all in Sioux City, Iowa,
(Y) the waterpark condominium residential project, to the extent of $2 million of expenditures, and
(Z) the Apollo and Bishop Building Complex on 125th Street, the Bigelow-Hartford Carpet Mill in New York, New York.
(5) REDUCTION IN CREDIT FOR PROPERTY UNDER TRANSITIONAL RULES.--In the case of property placed in service after December 31, 1986, and to which the amendments made by this section do not apply, subparagraph (A) of section 46(b)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (as in effect before the enactment of this Act) shall be applied--
(A) by substituting "10 percent" for "15 percent", and
(B) by substituting "13 percent" for "20 percent".
(6) EXPENSING OF REHABILITATION EXPENDITURES FOR THE FRANKFORD ARSENAL.--In the case of any expenditures paid or incurred in connection with the rehabilitation of the Frankford Arsenal during the 8-year period beginning on January 1, 1987, such expenditures (including expenditures for repair and maintenance of the building and property) shall be allowable as a deduction in the taxable year in which paid or incurred in an amount not in excess of the submissions made by the taxpayer before September 16, 1986.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 (relating to business credits) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section:
"SEC. 42. LOW-INCOME HOUSING CREDIT.
"(a) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of section 38, the amount of the low-income housing credit determined under this section for any taxable year in the credit period shall be an amount equal to--
"(1) the applicable percentage of
"(2) the qualified basis of each qualified low-income building.
"(b) APPLICABLE PERCENTAGE: 70 PERCENT PRESENT VALUE CREDIT FOR CERTAIN NEW BUILDINGS; 30 PERCENT PRESENT VALUE CREDIT FOR CERTAIN OTHER BUILDINGS.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) BUILDING PLACED IN SERVICE DURING 1987.--In the case of any qualified low-income building placed in service by the taxpayer during 1987, the term 'applicable percentage' means--
"(A) 9 percent for new buildings which are not federally subsidized for the taxable year, or
"(B) 4 percent for--
"(i) new buildings which are federally subsidized for the taxable year, and
"(ii) existing buildings.
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any qualified low-income building placed in service by the taxpayer after 1987, the term 'applicable percentage' means the appropriate percentage prescribed by the Secretary for the month in which such building is placed in service.
"(B) METHOD OF PRESCRIBING PERCENTAGES.--The percentages prescribed by the Secretary for any month shall be percentages which will yield over a 10-year period amounts of credit under subsection (a) which have a present value equal to--
"(i) 70 percent of the qualified basis of a building described in paragraph (1)(A), and
"(ii) 30 percent of the qualified basis of a building described in paragraph (1)(B).
"(C) METHOD OF DISCOUNTING.--The present value under subparagraph (B) shall be determined--
"(i) as of the last day of the 1st year of the 10-year period referred to in subparagraph (B),
"(ii) by using a discount rate equal to 72 percent of the average of the annual Federal mid-term rate and the annual Federal long-term rate applicable under section 1274(d)(1) to the month in which the building was placed in service and compounded annually, and
"(iii) by assuming that the credit allowable under this section for any year is received on the last day of such year.
"For treatment of certain rehabilitation expenditures as separate new buildings, see subsection (e).--
"(c) QUALIFIED BASIS; QUALIFIED LOW-INCOME BUILDING.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) QUALIFIED BASIS.--
"(A) DETERMINATION.--The qualified basis of any qualified low-income building for any taxable year is an amount equal to--
"(i) the applicable fraction (determined as of the close of such taxable year) of
"(ii) the eligible basis of such building (determined under subsection (d)(5)).
"(B) APPLICABLE FRACTION.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'applicable fraction' means the smaller of the unit fraction or the floor space fraction.
"(C) UNIT FRACTION.--For purposes of subparagraph (B), the term 'unit fraction' means the fraction--
"(i) the numerator of which is the number of low-income units in the building, and
"(ii) the denominator of which is the number of residential rental units (whether or not occupied) in such building.
"(D) FLOOR SPACE FRACTION.--For purposes of subparagraph (B), the term 'floor space fraction means the fraction--
"(i) the numerator of which is the total floor space of the low-income units in such building, and
"(ii) the denominator of which is the total floor space of the residential rental units (whether or not occupied) in such building.
"(A) which at all times during the compliance period with respect to such building is part of a qualified low-income housing project, and
"(B) to which the amendments made by section 201(a) of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 apply.
"(1) NEW BUILDINGS.--The eligible basis of a new building is its adjusted basis.
"(2) EXISTING BUILDINGS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The eligible basis of an existing building is--
"(i) in the case of a building which meets the requirements of subparagraph (B), the sum of--
"(I) the portion of its adjusted basis attributable to its acquisition cost, plus
"(II) amounts chargeable to capital account and incurred by the taxpayer (before the close of the 1st taxable year of the credit period for such building) for property (or additions or improvements to property) of a character subject to the allowance for depreciation, and
"(ii) zero in any other case.
"(B) REQUIREMENTS.--A building meets the requirements of this subparagraph if--
"(i) the building is acquired by purchase (as defined in section 179(d)(2)),
"(ii) there is a period of at least 10 years between the date of its acquisition by the taxpayer and the later of--
"(I) the date the building was last placed in service, or
"(II) the date of the most recent nonqualified substantial improvement of the building, and
"(iii) the building was not previously placed in service by the taxpayer or by any person who was a related person with respect to the taxpayer as of the time previously placed in service.
"(C) ACQUISITION COST.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the cost of any building shall not include so much of the basis of such building as is determined by reference to the basis of other property held at any time by the person acquiring the building.
"(D) SPECIAL RULES FOR SUBPARAGRAPH (B).--
"(i) NONQUALIFIED SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT.--For purposes of subparagraph (B)(ii)--
"(I) IN GENERAL.--The term 'nonqualified substantial improvement' means any substantial improvement if section 167(k) was elected with respect to such improvement or section 168 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986) applied to such improvement.
"(II) DATE OF SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT.--The date of a substantial improvement is the last day of the 24-month period referred to in subclause (III).
"(III) SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT.--The term 'substantial improvement' means the improvements added to capital account with respect to the building during any 24-month period, but only if the sum of the amounts added to such account during such period equals or exceeds 25 percent of the adjusted basis of the building (determined without regard to paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 1016(a)) as of the 1st day of such period.
"(ii) SPECIAL RULE FOR NONTAXABLE EXCHANGES.--For purposes of determining under subparagraph (B)(ii) when a building was last placed in service, there shall not be taken into account any placement in service in connection with the acquisition of the building in a transaction in which the basis of the building in the hands of the person acquiring it is determined in whole or in part by reference to the adjusted basis of such building in the hands of the person from whom acquired.
"(iii) RELATED PERSON, ETC.--
"(I) APPLICATION OF SECTION 179.--For purposes of subparagraph (B)(i), section 179(d) shall be applied by substituting '10 percent' for '50 percent' in section 267(b) and 707(b) and in section 179(b)(7).
"(II) RELATED PERSON.--For purposes of subparagraph (B)(iii), a person (hereinafter in this subclause referred to as the 'related person') is related to any person if the related person bears a relationship to such person specified in section 267(b) or 707(b)(1), or the related person and such person are engaged in trades or businesses under common control (within the meaning of subsections (a) and (b) of section 52). For purposes of the preceding sentence, in applying section 267(b) or 707(b)(1), '10 percent' shall be substituted for '50 percent'.
"(4) SPECIAL RULES RELATING TO DETERMINATION OF ADJUSTED BASIS.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the adjusted basis of any building shall be determined without regard to the adjusted basis of any property which is not residential rental property.
"(B) BASIS OF PROPERTY IN COMMON AREAS, ETC., INCLUDED.--The adjusted basis of any building shall be determined by taking into account the adjusted basis of property (of a character subject to the allowance for depreciation) used in common areas or provided as comparable amenities to all residential rental units in such building.
"(C) NO REDUCTION FOR DEPRECIATION.--The adjusted basis of any building shall be determined without regard to paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 1016(a).
"(5) ELIGIBLE BASIS DETERMINED WHEN BUILDING PLACED IN SERVICE.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the eligible basis of any building for the entire compliance period for such building shall be its eligible basis on the date such building is placed in service.
"(B) ELIGIBLE BASIS REDUCED BY FEDERAL GRANTS.--If, during any taxable year of the compliance period, a grant is made with respect to any building or the operation thereof and any portion of such grant is funded with Federal funds (whether or not includible in gross income), the eligible basis of such building for such taxable year and all succeeding taxable years shall be reduced by the portion of such grant which is so funded.
"(6) CREDIT ALLOWABLE FOR CERTAIN FEDERALLY-ASSISTED BUILDINGS ACQUIRED DURING 10-YEAR PERIOD DESCRIBED IN PARAGRAPH (2)(B)(ii).--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--On application by the taxpayer, the Secretary (after consultation with the appropriate Federal official) may waive paragraph (2)(B)(ii) with respect to any federally-assisted building if the Secretary determines that such waiver is necessary--
"(i) to avert an assignment of the mortgage secured by property in the project (of which such building is a part) to the Department of Housing and Urban Development or the Farmers' Home Administration,
"(ii) to avert a claim against a Federal mortgage insurance fund (or such Department or Administration) with respect to a mortgage which is so secured, or
"(iii) to the extent provided in regulations, by reason of other circumstances of financial distress.
The preceding sentence shall not apply to any building described in paragraph (7)(B).
"(B) FEDERALLY-ASSISTED BUILDING.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'federally-assisted building' means any building which is substantially assisted, financed, or operated under--
"(i) section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937,
"(ii) section 221(d)(3) or 236 of the National Housing Act of 1934, or
"(iii) section 515 of the Housing Act of 1949,
as such Acts are in effect on the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986.
"(C) APPROPRIATE FEDERAL OFFICIAL.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'appropriate Federal official' means--
"(i) the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in the case of any building described in subparagraph (B) by reason of clause (i) or (ii) thereof, and
"(ii) the Secretary of Agriculture in the case of any building described in subparagraph (B) by reason of clause (iii) thereof.
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, in the case of a building described in subparagraph (B) which is acquired by the taxpayer--
"(i) paragraph (2)(B) shall not apply, but
"(ii) the credit allowable by reason of subsection (a) to the taxpayer for any period after such acquisition shall be equal to the amount of credit which would have been allowable under subsection (a) for such period to the prior owner referred to in subparagraph (B) had such owner not disposed of the building.
"(B) DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING.--A building is described in this subparagraph if--
"(i) a credit was allowed by reason of subsection (a) to any prior owner of such building, and
"(ii) the taxpayer acquired such building before the end of the compliance period for such building with respect to such prior owner (determined without regard to any disposition by such prior owner).
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Rehabilitation expenditures paid or incurred by the taxpayer with respect to any building shall be treated for purposes of this section as a separate new building.
"(2) REHABILITATION EXPENDITURES.--For purposes of paragraph (1)--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'rehabilitation expenditures' means amounts chargeable to capital account and incurred for property (or additions or improvements to property) of a character subject to the allowance for depreciation in connection with the rehabilitation of a building.
"(B) COST OF ACQUISITION, ETC, NOT INCLUDED.--Such term does not include the cost of acquiring any building (or interest therein) or any amount not permitted to be taken into account under paragraph (3) or (4) of subsection (d).
"(3) AVERAGE OF REHABILITATION EXPENDITURES MUST BE $2,000 OR MORE.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (1) shall apply to rehabilitation expenditures with respect to any building only if the qualified basis attributable to such expenditures incurred during any 24-month period, when divided by the low-income units in the building, is $2,000 or more.
"(B) DATE OF DETERMINATION.--The determination under subparagraph (A) shall be made as of the close of the 1st taxable year in the credit period with respect to such expenditures.
"(4) SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of applying this section with respect to expenditures which are treated as a separate building by reason of this subsection--
"(A) such expenditures shall be treated as placed in service at the close of the 24-month period referred to in paragraph (3)(A), and
"(B) the applicable fraction under subsection (c)(1) shall be the applicable fraction for the building (without regard to paragraph (1)) with respect to which the expenditures were incurred.
Nothing in subsection (d)(2) shall prevent a credit from being allowed by reason of this subsection.
"(5) NO DOUBLE COUNTING.--Rehabilitation expenditures may, at the election of the taxpayer, be taken into account under this subsection or subsection (d)(2)(A)(i)(II) but not under both such subsections.
"(6) REGULATIONS TO APPLY SUBSECTION WITH RESPECT TO GROUP OF UNITS IN BUILDING.--The Secretary may prescribe regulations, consistent with the purposes of this subsection, treating a group of units with respect to which rehabilitation expenditures are incurred as a separate new building.
"(f) DEFINITION AND SPECIAL RULES RELATING TO CREDIT PERIOD.--
"(1) CREDIT PERIOD DEFINED.--For purposes of this section, the term 'credit period' means, with respect to any building, the period of 10 taxable years beginning with the taxable year in which the building is placed in service or, at the election of the taxpayer, the succeeding taxable year. Such an election, once made, shall be irrevocable.
"(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR 1ST YEAR OF CREDIT PERIOD.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The credit allowable under subsection (a) with respect to any building for the 1st taxable year of the credit period shall be determined by substituting for the applicable fraction under subsection (c)(1) the fraction--
"(i) the numerator of which is the sum of the applicable fractions determined under subsection (c)(1) as of the close of each full month of such year during which such building was in service, and
"(ii) the denominator of which is 12.
"(B) DISALLOWED 1ST YEAR CREDIT ALLOWED IN 11TH YEAR.--Any reduction by reason of subparagraph (A) in the credit allowable (without regard to subparagraph (A)) for the 1st taxable year of the credit period shall be allowable under subsection (a) for the 1st taxable year following the credit period.
"(3) SPECIAL RULE WHERE INCREASE IN QUALIFIED BASIS AFTER 1ST YEAR OF CREDIT PERIOD.--
"(A) CREDIT INCREASED.--If--
"(i) as of the close of any taxable year in the compliance period (after the 1st year of the credit period) the qualified basis of any building exceeds
"(ii) the qualified basis of such building as of the close of the 1st year of the credit period.
the credit allowable under subsection (a) for the taxable year (determined without regard to this paragraph) shall be increased by an amount equal to the product of such excess and the percentage equal to 2/3 of the applicable percentage for such building.
"(B) 1ST YEAR COMPUTATION APPLIES.--A rule similar to the rule of paragraph (2)(A) shall apply to the additional credit allowable by reason of this paragraph for the 1st year in which such additional credit is allowable.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified low-income housing project' means any project for residential rental property if the project meets the requirements of subparagraph (A) or (B) whichever is elected by the taxpayer:
"(A) 20-50 TEST.--The project meets the requirements of this subparagraph if 20 percent or more of the residential units in such project are both rent-restricted and occupied by individuals whose income is 50 percent or less of area median gross income.
"(B) 40-60 TEST.--The project meets the requirements of this subparagraph if 40 percent or more of the residential units in such project are both rent-restricted and occupied by individuals whose income is 60 percent or less of area median gross income.
Any election under this paragraph, once made, shall be irrevocable. For purposes of this paragraph, any property shall not be treated as failing to be residential rental property merely because part of the building in which such property is located is used for purposes other than residential rental purposes.
"(2) RENT-RESTRICTED UNITS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of paragraph (1), a residential unit is rent-restricted if the gross rent with respect to such unit does not exceed 30 percent of the income limitation under paragraph (1) applicable to individuals occupying such unit.
"(B) GROSS RENT.--For purposes of subparagraph (A) gross rent--
"(i) does not include any payment under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 or any comparable Federal rental assistance program (with respect to such unit or occupants thereof), and
"(ii) includes any utility allowance determined by the Secretary after taking into account such determinations under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937.
"(A) PROJECTS CONSISTING OF 1 BUILDING.--In the case of a project which does not have any other building in service such project shall not be treated as meeting the requirements of paragraph (1) unless it meets such requirements not later than the date which is 12 months after the date such project is placed in service.
"(B) PROJECTS CONSISTING OF MORE THAN 1 BUILDING.--In the case of a project which has a building in service when a later building is placed in service as part of such project, such project shall not be treated as meeting the requirements of paragraph (1) with respect to such later building unless--
"(i) such project meets such requirements without regard to such later building on the date such later building is placed in service, and
"(ii) such project meets such requirements with regard to such later building not later than the date which is 12 months after the date such later building is placed in service.
"(5) ELECTION TO TREAT BUILDING AFTER COMPLIANCE PERIOD AS NOT PART OF A PROJECT.--For purposes of this section, the taxpayer may elect to treat any building as not part of a qualified low-income housing project for any period beginning after the compliance period for such building.
"(h) LIMITATION ON AGGREGATE CREDIT ALLOWABLE WITH RESPECT TO PROJECTS LOCATED IN A STATE.--
"(1) CREDIT MAY NOT EXCEED CREDIT AMOUNT ALLOCATED TO BUILDING.--No credit shall be allowed by reason of this section for any taxable year with respect to any building in excess of the housing credit dollar amount allocated to such building under this subsection. An allocation shall be taken into account under the preceding sentence only if it occurs not later than the earlier of--
"(A) the 60th day after the close of the taxable year, or
"(B) the close of the calendar year in which such taxable year ends.
"(2) ALLOCATED CREDIT AMOUNT TO APPLY TO ALL TAXABLE YEARS ENDING DURING OR AFTER CREDIT ALLOCATION YEAR.--Any housing credit dollar amount allocated to any building for any calendar year--
"(A) shall apply to such building for all taxable years in the compliance period ending during or after such calendar year, and
"(B) shall reduce the aggregate housing credit dollar amount of the allocating agency only for such calendar year.
"(3) HOUSING CREDIT DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR AGENCIES.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The aggregate housing credit dollar amount which a housing credit agency may allocate for any calendar year is the portion of the State housing credit ceiling allocated under this paragraph for such calendar year to such agency.
"(B) STATE CEILING INITIALLY ALLOCATED TO STATE HOUSING CREDIT AGENCIES.--Except as provided in subparagraphs (D) and (E), the State housing credit ceiling for each calendar year shall be allocated to the housing credit agency of such State. If there is more than 1 housing credit agency of a State, all such agencies shall be treated as a single agency.
"(C) STATE HOUSING CREDIT CEILING.--The State housing credit ceiling applicable to any State for any calendar year shall be an amount equal to $1.25 multiplied by the State population.
"(D) SPECIAL RULE FOR STATES WITH CONSTITUTIONAL HOME RULE CITIES.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The aggregate housing credit dollar amount for any constitutional home rule city for any calendar year shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to the State housing credit ceiling for such calendar year as--
"(I) the population of such city, bears to
"(II) the population of the entire State.
"(ii) COORDINATION WITH OTHER ALLOCATIONS.--In the case of any State which contains 1 or more constitutional home rule cities, for purposes of applying this paragraph with respect to housing credit agencies in such State other than constitutional home rule cities, the State housing credit ceiling for any calendar year shall be reduced by the aggregate housing credit dollar amounts determined for such year for all constitutional home rule cities in such State.
"(iii) CONSTITUTIONAL HOME RULE CITY.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'constitutional home rule city' has the meaning given such term by section 146(d)(3)(C).
"(E) STATE MAY PROVIDE FOR DIFFERENT ALLOCATION.--Rules similar to the rules of section 146(e) (other than paragraph (2)(B) thereof) shall apply for purposes of this paragraph.
"(F) POPULATION.--For purposes of this paragraph, population shall be determined in accordance with section 146(j).
"(4) CREDIT FOR BUILDINGS FINANCED BY TAX-EXEMPT BONDS SUBJECT TO VOLUME CAP NOT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the portion of any credit allowable under subsection (a) which is attributable to eligible basis financed by any obligation the interest on which is exempt from tax under section 103 and which is taken into account under section 146.
"(B) SPECIAL RULE WHERE 70 PERCENT OR MORE OF BUILDING IS FINANCED WITH TAX-EXEMPT BONDS SUBJECT TO VOLUME CAP.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), if 70 percent or more of the aggregate basis of any building and the land on which the building is located is financed by any obligation described in subparagraph (A), paragraph (1) shall not apply to any portion of the credit allowable under subsection (a) with respect to such building.
"(5) PORTION OF STATE CEILING SET-ASIDE FOR CERTAIN PROJECTS INVOLVING QUALIFIED NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Not more than 90 percent of the State housing credit ceiling for any State for any calendar year shall be allocated to projects other than qualified low-income housing projects described in subparagraph (B).
"(B) PROJECTS INVOLVING QUALIFIED NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), a qualified low-income housing project is described in this subparagraph if a qualified nonprofit organization is to materially participate (within the meaning of section 469(h)) in the development and operation of the project throughout the compliance period.
"(C) QUALIFIED NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'qualified nonprofit organization' means any organization if--
"(i) such organization is described in paragraph (3) or (4) of section 501(c) and is exempt from tax under section 501(a), and
"(ii) 1 of the exempt purposes of such organization includes the fostering of low-income housing.
"(D) STATE MAY NOT OVERRIDE SET-ASIDE.--Nothing in subparagraph (E) of paragraph (3) shall be construed to permit a State not to comply with subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.
"(6) SPECIAL RULES.--
"(A) BUILDING MUST BE LOCATED WITHIN JURISDICTION OF CREDIT AGENCY.--A housing credit agency may allocate its aggregate housing credit dollar amount only to buildings located in the jurisdiction of the governmental unit of which such agency is a part.
"(B) HOUSING CREDIT DOLLAR AMOUNT MAY NOT BE CARRIED OVER, ETC.--
"(i) NO CARRYOVER.--The portion of the aggregate housing credit dollar amount of any housing credit agency which is not allocated for any calendar year may not be carried over to any other calendar year.
"(ii) ALLOCATION MAY NOT BE EARLIER THAN YEAR IN WHICH BUILDING PLACED IN SERVICE.--A housing credit agency may allocate its housing credit dollar amount for any calendar year only to buildings placed in service before the close of such calendar year.
"(C) AGENCY ALLOCATIONS IN EXCESS OF LIMIT.--If the aggregate housing credit dollar amounts allocated by a housing credit agency for any calendar year exceed the portion of the State housing credit ceiling allocated to such agency for such calendar year, the housing credit dollar amounts so allocated shall be reduced (to the extent of such excess) for buildings in the reverse of the order in which the allocations of such amounts were made.
"(D) CREDIT ALLOWABLE DETERMINED WITHOUT REGARD TO AVERAGING CONVENTION, ETC.--For purposes of this subsection, the credit allowable under subsection (a) with respect to any building shall be determined--
"(i) without regard to paragraphs (2)(A) and (3)(B) of subsection (f), and
"(ii) by applying subsection (f)(3)(A) without regard to 'the percentage equal to 2/3 of
"(A) HOUSING CREDIT AGENCY.--The term 'housing credit agency' means any agency authorized to carry out this subsection.
"(B) POSSESSIONS TREATED AS STATES.--The term 'State' includes a possession of the United States.
"(1) COMPLIANCE PERIOD.--The term 'compliance period' means, with respect to any building, the period of 15 taxable years beginning with the 1st taxable year of the credit period with respect thereto.
"(2) DETERMINATION OF WHETHER BUILDING IS FEDERALLY SURSIDIZED.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, for purposes of subsection (b)(1), a new building shall be treated as federally subsidized for any taxable year if, at any time during such taxable year, there is outstanding any obligation the interest on which is exempt from tax under section 103, or any below market Federal loan, the proceeds of which are used (directly or indirectly) with respect to such building or the operation thereof.
"(B) ELECTION TO REDUCE ELIGIBLE BASIS BY OUTSTANDING BALANCE OF LOAN.--A loan shall not be taken into account under subparagraph (A) if the taxpayer elects to exclude an amount equal to the outstanding balance of such loan from the eligible basis of the building for purposes of subsection (d).
"(C) BELOW MARKET FEDERAL LOAN.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'below market Federal loan' means any loan funded in whole or in part with Federal funds if the interest rate payable on such loan is less than the applicable Federal rate in effect under section 1274(d)(1) (as of the date on which the loan was made).
"(3) LOW-INCOME UNIT.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'low-income unit' means any unit in a building if--
"(i) such unit is rent-restricted (as defined in subsection (g)(2)), and
"(ii) the individuals occupying such unit meet the income limitation applicable under subsection (g)(1) to the project of which such building is a part.
"(B) EXCEPTIONS.--A unit shall not be treated as a low-income unit unless the unit is suitable for occupancy and used other than on a transient basis.
"(C) SPECIAL RULE FOR BUILDINGS HAVING 4 OR FEWER UNITS.--In the case of any building which has 4 or fewer residential rental units, no unit in such building shall be treated as a low-income unit if the units in such building are owned by--
"(i) any individual who occupies a residential unit in such building, or
"(ii) any person who is related (as defined in subsection (d)(2)(D)(iii)) to such individual.
"(5) EXISTING BUILDING.--The term 'existing building' means any building which is not a new building.
"(j) RECAPTURE OF CREDIT.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--If--
"(A) as of the close of any taxable year in the compliance period, the amount of the qualified basis of any building with respect to the taxpayer is less than
"(B) the amount of such basis as of the close of the preceding taxable year,
then the taxpayer's tax under this chapter for the taxable year shall be increased by the credit recapture amount.
"(2) CREDIT RECAPTURE AMOUNT.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the credit recapture amount is an amount equal to the sum of--
"(A) the aggregate decrease in the credits allowed to the taxpayer under section 38 for all prior taxable years which would have resulted if the accelerated portion of the credit allowable by reason of this section were not allowed for all prior taxable years with respect to the excess of the amount described in paragraph (1)(B) over the amount described in paragraph (1)(A), plus
"(B) interest at the overpayment rate established under section 6621 on the amount determined under subparagraph (A) for each prior taxable year for the period beginning on the due date for filing the return for the prior taxable year involved.
No deduction shall be allowed under this chapter for interest described in subparagraph (B).
"(3) ACCELERATED PORTION OF CREDIT.--For purposes of paragraph (2), the accelerated portion of the credit for the prior taxable years with respect to any amount of basis is the excess of--
"(A) the aggregate credit allowed by reason of this section (without regard to this subsection) for such years with respect to such basis, over
"(B) the aggregate credit which would be allowable by reason of this section for such years with respect to such basis if the aggregate credit which would (but for this subsection) have been allowable for the entire compliance period were allowable ratably over 15 years.
"(4) SPECIAL RULES.--
"(A) TAX BENEFIT RULE.--The tax for the taxable year shall be increased under paragraph (1) only with respect to credits allowed by reason of this section which were used to reduce tax liability. In the case of credits not so used to reduce tax liability, the carryforwards and carrybacks under section 39 shall be appropriately adjusted.
"(B) ONLY BASIS FOR WHICH CREDIT ALLOWED TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--Qualified basis shall be taken into account under paragraph (1)(B) only to the extent such basis was taken into account in determining the credit under subsection (a) for the preceding taxable year referred to in such paragraph.
"(C) NO RECAPTURE OF ADDITIONAL CREDIT ALLOWABLE BY REASON OF SUBSECTION (f)(3).--Paragraph (1) shall apply to a decrease in qualified basis only to the extent such decrease exceeds the amount of qualified basis with respect to which a credit was allowable for the taxable year referred to in paragraph (1)(B) by reason of subsection (f)(3).
"(D) NO CREDITS AGAINST TAX.--Any increase in tax under this subsection shall not be treated as a tax imposed by this chapter for purposes of determining the amount of any credit under subpart A, B, or D of this part.
"(E) NO RECAPTURE BY REASON OF CASUALTY LOSS.--The increase in tax under this subsection shall not apply to a reduction in qualified basis by reason of a casualty loss to the extent such loss is restored by reconstruction or replacement within a reasonable period established by the Secretary.
"(5) CERTAIN PARTNERSHIPS TREATED AS THE TAXPAYER.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of applying this subsection to a partnership to which this paragraph applies--
"(i) such partnership shall be treated as the taxpayer to which the credit allowable under subsection (a) was allowed,
"(ii) the amount of such credit allowed shall be treated as the amount which would have been allowed to the partnership were such credit allowable to such partnership,
"(iii) paragraph (4)(A) shall not apply, and
"(iv) the amount of the increase in tax under this subsection for any taxable year shall be allocated among the partners of such partnership in the same manner as such partnership's taxable income for such year is allocated among such partners.
"(B) PARTNERSHIPS TO WHICH PARAGRAPH APPLIES.--This paragraph shall apply to any partnership--
"(i) which has 35 or more partners each of whom is a natural person or an estate, and
"(ii) which elects the application of this paragraph.
"(C) SPECIAL RULES.--
"(i) HUSBAND AND WIFE TREATED AS 1 PARTNER.--For purposes of subparagraph (B)(i), a husband and wife (and their estates) shall be treated as 1 partner.
"(ii) ELECTION IRREVOCABLE.--Any election under subparagraph (B), once made, shall be irrevocable.
"(A) the taxpayer furnishes to the Secretary a bond in an amount satisfactory to the Secretary and for the period required by the Secretary, and
"(B) it is reasonably expected that such building will continue to be operated as a qualified low-income building for the remaining compliance period with respect to such building.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, rules similar to the rules of section 46(c)(8) (other than subparagraph (D)(iv)(I) thereof), section 46(c)(9), and section 47(d)(1) shall apply in determining the qualified basis of any building in the same manner as such sections apply in determining the credit base of property.
"(2) SPECIAL RULES FOR DETERMINING QUALIFIED PERSON.--For purposes of paragraph (1)--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If the requirements of subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) are met with respect to any financing borrowed from a qualified nonprofit organization (as defined in subsection (h)(5)), the determination of whether such financing is qualified commercial financing with respect to any qualified low-income building shall be made without regard to whether such organization--
"(i) is actively and regularly engaged in the business of lending money, or
"(ii) is a person described in section 46(c)(8)(D)(iv)(II).
"(B) FINANCING SECURED BY PROPERTY.--The requirements of this subparagraph are met with respect to any financing if such financing is secured by the qualified low-income building.
"(C) PORTION OF BUILDING ATTRIBUTABLE TO FINANCING.--The requirements of this subparagraph are met with respect to any financing for any taxable year in the compliance period if, as of the close of such taxable year, not more than 60 percent of the eligible basis of the qualified low-income building is attributable to such financing (reduced by the principal and interest of any governmental financing which is part of a wrap-around mortgage involving such financing).
"(D) REPAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL AND INTEREST.--The requirements of this subparagraph are met with respect to any financing if such financing is fully repaid on or before the earliest of--
"(i) the date on which such financing matures,
"(ii) the 90th day after the close of the compliance period with respect to the qualified low-income building, or
"(iii) the date of its refinancing or the sale of the building to which such financing relates.
"(4) FAILURE TO FULLY REPAY.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--To the extent that the requirements of paragraph (2)(D) are not met, then the taxpayer's tax under this chapter for the taxable year in which such failure occurs shall be increased by an amount equal to the applicable portion of the credit under this section with respect to such building, increased by an amount of interest for the period--
"(i) beginning with the due date for the filing of the return of tax imposed by chapter 1 for the 1st taxable year for which such credit was allowable, and
"(ii) ending with the due date for the taxable year in which such failure occurs,
determined by using the underpayment rate and method under section 6621.
"(B) APPLICABLE PORTION.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'applicable portion' means the aggregate decrease in the credits allowed to a taxpayer under section 38 for all prior taxable years which would have resulted if the eligible basis of the building were reduced by the amount of financing which does not meet requirements of paragraph (2)(D).
"(C) CERTAIN RULES TO APPLY.--Rules similar to the rules of subparagraphs (A) and (D) of subsection (j)(4) shall apply for purposes of this subsection.
"(1) CERTIFICATION WITH RESPECT TO 1ST YEAR OF CREDIT PERIOD.--Not later than the 90th day following the close of the 1st taxable year in the credit period with respect to any qualified low-income building, the taxpayer shall certify to the Secretary (in such form and in such manner as the Secretary prescribes)--
"(A) the taxable year, and calendar year, in which such building was placed in service,
"(B) the adjusted basis and eligible basis of such building as of the close of the 1st year of the credit period,
"(C) the maximum applicable percentage and qualified basis permitted to be taken into account by the appropriate housing credit agency under subsection (h),
"(D) the election made under subsection (g) with respect to the qualified low-income housing project of which such building is a part, and
"(E) such other information as the Secretary may require.
In the case of a failure to make the certification required by the preceding sentence on the date prescribed therefor, unless it is shown that such failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, no credit shall be allowable by reason of subsection (a) with respect to such building for any taxable year ending before such certification is made.
"(2) ANNUAL REPORTS FROM HOUSING CREDIT AGENCIES.--Each agency which allocates any housing credit amount to any building for any calendar year shall submit to the Secretary (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe) an annual report specifying--
"(A) the amount of housing credit amount allocated to each building for such year,
"(B) sufficient information to identify each such building and the taxpayer with respect thereto, and
"(C) such other information as the Secretary may require.
The penalty under section 6652(j) shall apply to any failure to submit the report required by the preceding sentence on the date prescribed therefor.
"(m) REGULATIONS.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section, including regulations--
"(1) dealing with--
"(A) projects which include more than 1 building or only a portion of a building.
"(B) buildings which are placed in service in portions,
"(2) providing for the application of this section to short taxable years, and
"(3) preventing the avoidance of the rules of this section.
"(n) TERMINATION.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the State housing credit ceiling under subsection (h) shall be zero for any calendar year after 1989.
"(2) CARRYOVER OF 1989 LIMIT FOR CERTAIN PROJECTS IN PROGRESS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The aggregate housing credit amount of any agency for 1989 which is not allocated for 1989 shall be treated for purposes of applying this section to any building described in subparagraph (B) as the housing credit amount of such agency for 1990.
"(B) DESCRIPTION.--A building is described in this subparagraph if--
"(i) such building is constructed, reconstructed, or rehabilitated by the taxpayer,
"(ii) more than 10 percent of the reasonably anticipated cost of such construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation has been incurred as of January 1, 1989, and
"(iii) such building is placed in service before January 1, 1991.
"(C) CERTAIN RULE NOT TO APPLY.--Subsection (h)(6)(B)(i) shall not apply for purposes of this paragraph."
(1) Subsection (b) of section 38 (relating to current year business credits), as amended by this Act, is amended by striking out "plus" at the end of paragraph (3), but striking out the period at the end of paragraph (4) and inserting in lieu thereof ", plus", and by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(5) the low-income housing credit determined under section 42(a)."
(2) Subsection (d) of section 38 is amended by inserting "42(a)," before "46(a)".
(c) RECAPTURE TAX NOT TO REDUCE MINIMUM TAX.--Paragraph (1) of section 55(c), as amended by section 701 of this Act, is amended by inserting "or section 42(j)" after "section 47".
(d) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new item:
"Sec. 42. Low-income housing credit."
(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to buildings placed in service after December 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date.
(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR REHABILITATION EXPENDITURES.--Subsection (e) of section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section) shall apply for purposes of paragraph (1).
(f) TRANSITIONAL RULES.--
(1) LIMITATION TO NON-ACRS BUILDINGS NOT TO APPLY TO CERTAIN BUILDINGS, ETC.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a building which is part of a project described in subparagraph (B)--
(i) section 42(c)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section) shall not apply, and
(ii) such building shall be treated as not federally subsidized for purposes of section 42(b)(1)(A) of such Code.
(B) PROJECT DESCRIBED.--A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) an urban development action grant application with respect to such project was submitted on September 13, 1984,
(ii) a zoning commission map amendment related to such project was granted on July 17, 1985, and
(iii) the number assigned to such project by the Federal Housing Administration is 023-36602.
(C) ADDITIONAL UNITS ELIGIBLE FOR CREDIT.--In the case of a building to which subparagraph (A) applies and which is part of a project which meets the requirements of subparagraph (D), for each low-income unit in such building which is occupied by individuals whose income is 30 percent or less of area median gross income, one additional unit (not otherwise a low-income unit) in such building shall be treated as a low-income unit for purposes of such section 42.
(D) PROJECT DESCRIBED.--A project is described in this subparagraph if--
(i) rents charged for units in such project are restricted by State regulations,
(ii) the annual cash flow of such project is restricted by State law,
(iii) the project is located on land owned by or ground leased from a public housing authority,
(iv) construction of such project begins on or before December 31, 1986, and units within such project are placed in service on or before June 1, 1990, and
(v) for a 20-year period, 20 percent or more of the residential units in such project are occupied by individuals whose income is 50 percent or less of area median gross income.
(E) MAXIMUM ADDITIONAL CREDIT.--The maximum annual additional credit allowable under section 42 of such Code by reason of subparagraph (C) shall not exceed 25 percent of the eligible basis of the building.
(2) ADDITIONAL ALLOCATION OF HOUSING CREDIT CEILING.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--There is hereby allocated to each housing credit agency described in subparagraph (B) an additional housing credit dollar amount determined in accordance with the following table:
For calendar year: allocation is:
1987 $3,900,000
1988 $7,600,000
1989 $1,300,000
(i) A corporate governmental agency constituted as a public benefit corporation and established in 1971 under the provisions of Article XII of the Private Housing Finance Law of the State.
(ii) A city department established on December 20, 1979, pursuant to chapter XVIII of a municipal code of such city for the purpose of supervising and coordinating the formation and execution of projects and programs affecting housing within such city.
(iii) The State housing finance agency referred to in subparagraph (C), but only with respect to projects described in subparagraph (C).
(C) PROJECT DESCRIBED.--A project is described in this subparagraph if such project is a qualified low-income housing project which--
(i) receives financing from a State housing finance agency from the proceeds of bonds issued pursuant to chapter 708 of the Acts of 1966 of such State pursuant to loan commitments from such agency made between May 8, 1984, and July 8, 1986, and
(ii) is subject to subsidy commitments issued pursuant to a program established under chapter 574 of the Acts of 1983 of such State having award dates from such agency between May 31, 1984, and June 11, 1985.
(D) SPECIAL RULES.--
(i) Any building--
(I) which is allocated any housing credit dollar amount by a housing credit agency described in clause (iii) of subparagraph (B), and
(II) which is placed in service after June 30, 1986, and before January 1, 1987,
shall be treated for purposes of the amendments made by this section as placed in service on January 1, 1987.
(ii) Section 42(c)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall not apply to any building which is allocated any housing credit dollar amount by any agency described in subparagraph (B).
(E) ALL UNITS TREATED AS LOW INCOME UNITS IN CERTAIN CASES.--In the case of any building--
(i) which is allocated any housing credit dollar amount by any agency described in subparagraph (B), and
(ii) which after the application of subparagraph (D)(ii) is a qualified low-income building at all times during any taxable year,
such building shall be treated as described in section 42(b)(1)(B) of such Code and having an applicable fraction for such year of 1.
(3) CERTAIN PROJECTS PLACED IN SERVICE BEFORE 1987.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a building which is part of a project described in subparagraph (B)--
(i) section 42(c)(2)(B) of such Code shall not apply,
(ii) such building shall be treated as placed in service during the first calendar year after 1986 and before 1990 in which such building is a qualified low-income building (determined after the application of clause (i)), and
(iii) for purposes of section 42(h) of such Code, such building shall be treated as having allocated to it a housing credit dollar amount equal to the dollar amount appearing in the clause of subparagraph (B) in which such building is described.
(B) PROJECT DESCRIBED.--A project is described in this subparagraph if the code number assigned to such project by the Farmers' Home Administration appears in the following table:
The code number is: dollar amount is:
(i) 49284553664 $16,000
(ii) 4927742022446 $22,000
(iii) 49270742276087 $64,000
(iv) 490270742387293 $48,000
(v) 4927074218234 $32,000
(vi) 49270742274019 $36,000
(vii) 51460742345074 $53,000.
(D) CERTAIN RULES TO APPLY.--Rules similar to the rules of subparagraph (E) of paragraph (2) shall apply for purposes of this paragraph.
(4) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this subsection, terms used in such subsection which are also used in section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section) shall have the meanings given such terms by such section 42.
SEC. 261. PROVISIONS RELATING TO MERCHANT MARINE CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION FUNDS.
(a) PURPOSE.--The purpose of this section is to coordinate the application of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with the capital construction program under the Merchant Marine Act, 1936.
(b) AMENDMENT OF 1986 CODE.--Chapter 77 (relating to miscellaneous provisions) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section:
"SEC. 7518. TAX INCENTIVES RELATING TO MERCHANT MARINE CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION FUNDS.
"(a) CEILING ON DEPOSITS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The amount deposited in a fund established under section 607 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936 (hereinafter in this section referred to as a 'capital construction fund') shall not exceed for any taxable year the sum of:
"(A) that portion of the taxable income of the owner or lessee for such year (computed as provided in chapter 1 but without regard to the carryback of any net operating loss or net capital loss and without regard to this section) which is attributable to the operation of the agreement vessels in the foreign or domestic commerce of the United States or in the fisheries of the United States,
"(B) the amount allowable as a deduction under section 167 for such year with respect to the agreement vessels,
"(C) if the transaction is not taken into account for purposes of subparagraph (A), the net proceeds (as defined in joint regulations) from--
"(i) the sale or other disposition of any agreement vessel, or
"(ii) insurance or indemnity attributable to any agreement vessel, and
"(D) the receipts from the investment or reinvestment of amounts held in such fund.
"(2) LIMITATIONS ON DEPOSITS BY LESSEES.--In the case of a lessee, the maximum amount which may be deposited with respect to an agreement vessel by reason of paragraph (1)(B) for any period shall be reduced by any amount which, under an agreement entered into under section 607 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, the owner is required or permitted to deposit for such period with respect to such vessel by reason of paragraph (1)(B).
"(3) CERTAIN BARGES AND CONTAINERS INCLUDED.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'agreement vessel' includes barges and containers which are part of the complement of such vessel and which are provided for in the agreement.
"(b) REQUIREMENTS AS TO INVESTMENTS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Amounts in any capital construction fund shall be kept in the depository or depositories specified in the agreement and shall be subject to such trustee and other fiduciary requirements as may be specified by the Secretary.
"(2) LIMITATION ON FUND INVESTMENTS.--Amounts in any capital construction fund may be invested only in interest-bearing securities approved by the Secretary; except that, if such Secretary consents thereto, an agreed percentage (not in excess of 60 percent) of the assets of the fund may be invested in the stock of domestic corporations. Such stock must be currently fully listed and registered on an exchange registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as a national securities exchange, and must be stock which would be acquired by prudent men of discretion and intelligence in such matters who are seeking a reasonable income and the preservation of their capital. If at any time the fair market value of the stock in the fund is more than the agreed percentage of the assets in the fund, any subsequent investment of amounts deposited in the fund, and any subsequent withdrawal from the fund, shall be made in such a way as to tend to restore the fund to a situation in which the fair market value of the stock does not exceed such agreed percentage.
"(3) INVESTMENT IN CERTAIN PREFERRED STOCK PERMITTED.--For purposes of this subsection, if the common stock of a corporation meets the requirements of this subsection and if the preferred stock of such corporation would meet such requirements but for the fact that it cannot be listed and registered as required because it is nonvoting stock, such preferred stock shall be treated as meeting the requirements of this subsection.
"(c) NONTAXABILITY FOR DEPOSITS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this title--
"(A) taxable income (determined without regard to this section and section 607 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1930) for the taxable year shall be reduced by an amount equal to the amount deposited for the taxable year out of amounts referred to in subsection (a)(1)(A),
"(B) gain from a transaction referred to in subsection (a)(1)(C) shall not be taken into account if an amount equal to the net proceeds (as defined in joint regulations) from such transaction is deposited in the fund,
"(C) the earnings (including gains and losses) from the investment and reinvestment of amounts held in the fund shall not be taken into account,
"(D) the earnings and profits (within the meaning of section 316) of any corporation shall be determined without regard to this section and section 607 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, and
"(E) in applying the tax imposed by section 531 (relating to the accumulated earnings tax), amounts while held in the fund shall not be taken into account.
"(2) ONLY QUALIFIED DEPOSITS ELIGIBLE FOR TREATMENT.--Paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to any amount only if such amount is deposited in the fund pursuant to the agreement and not later than the time provided in joint regulations.
"(d) ESTABLISHMENT OF ACCOUNTS.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Within a capital construction fund 3 accounts shall be maintained:
"(A) the capital account,
"(B) the capital gain account, and
"(C) the ordinary income account.
"(2) CAPITAL ACCOUNT.--The capital account shall consist of--
"(A) amounts referred to in subsection (a)(1)(B),
"(B) amounts referred to in subsection (a)(1)(C) other than that portion thereof which represents gain not taken into account by reason of subsection (c)(1)(B),
"(C) the percentage applicable under section 243(a)(1) of any dividend received by the fund with respect to which the person maintaining the fund would (but for subsection (c)(1)(C)) be allowed a deduction under section 243, and
"(D) interest income exempt from taxation under section 103.
"(3) CAPITAL GAIN ACCOUNT.--The capital gain account shall consist of--
"(A) amounts representing capital gains on assets held for more than 6 months and referred to in subsection (a)(1)(C) or (a)(1)(D), reduced by
"(B) amounts representing capital losses on assets held in the fund for more than 6 months.
"(4) ORDINARY INCOME ACCOUNT.--The ordinary income account shall consist of--
"(A) amounts referred to in subsection (a)(1)(A),
"(B)(i) amounts representing capital gains on assets held for 6 months or less and referred to in subsection (a)(1)(C) or (a)(1)(D), reduced by
"(ii) amounts representing capital losses on assets held in the fund for 6 months or less,
"(C) interest (not including any tax-exempt interest referred to in paragraph (2)(D)) and other ordinary income (not including any dividend referred to in subparagraph (E)) received on assets held in the fund,
"(D) ordinary income from a transaction described in subsection (a)(1)(C), and
"(E) the portion of any dividend referred to in paragraph (2)(C) not taken into account under such paragraph.
"(5) CAPITAL LOSSES ONLY ALLOWED TO OFFSET CERTAIN GAINS.--Except on termination of a capital construction fund, capital losses referred to in paragraph (3)(B) or in paragraph (4)(B)(ii) shall be allowed only as an offset to gains referred to in paragraph (3)(A) or (4)(B)(i), respectively.
"(e) PURPOSES OF QUALIFIED WITHDRAWALS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--A qualified withdrawal from the fund is one made in accordance with the terms of the agreement but only if it is for:
"(A) the acquisition, construction, or reconstruction of a qualified vessel,
"(B) the acquisition, construction, or reconstruction of barges and containers which are part of the complement of a qualified vessel, or
"(C) the payment of the principal on indebtedness incurred in connection with the acquisition, construction, or reconstruction of a qualified vessel or a barge or container which is part of the complement of a qualified vessel.
Except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, subparagraph (B), and so much of subparagraph (C) as relates only to barges and containers, shall apply only with respect to barges and containers constructed in the United States.
"(2) PENALTY FOR FAILING TO FULFILL ANY SUBSTANTIAL OBLIGATION.--Under joint regulations, if the Secretary determines that any substantial obligation under any agreement is not being fulfilled, he may, after notice and opportunity for hearing to the person maintaining the fund, treat the entire fund or any portion thereof as an amount withdrawn from the fund in a nonqualified withdrawal.
"(f) TAX TREATMENT OF QUALIFIED WITHDRAWALS.--
"(1) ORDERING RULE.--Any qualified withdrawal from a fund shall be treated--
"(A) first as made out of the capital account,
"(B) second as made out of the capital gain account, and
"(C) third as made out of the ordinary income account.
"(2) ADJUSTMENT TO BASIS OF VESSEL, ETC., WHERE WITHDRAWAL FROM ORDINARY INCOME ACCOUNT.--If any portion of a qualified withdrawal for a vessel, barge, or container is made out of the ordinary income account, the basis of such vessel, barge, or container shall be reduced by an amount equal to such portion.
"(3) ADJUSTMENT TO BASIS OF VESSEL, ETC., WHERE WITHDRAWAL FROM CAPITAL GAIN ACCOUNT.--If any portion of a qualified withdrawal for a vessel, barge, or container is made out of the capital gain account, the basis of such vessel, barge, or container shall be reduced by an amount equal to such portion.
"(4) ADJUSTMENT TO BASIS OF VESSELS, ETC., WHERE WITHDRAWALS PAY PRINCIPAL ON DEBT.--If any portion of a qualified withdrawal to pay the principal on any indebtedness is made out of the ordinary income account or the capital gain account, then an amount equal to the aggregate reduction which would be required by paragraphs (2) and (3) if this were a qualified withdrawal for a purpose described in such paragraphs shall be applied, in the order provided in joint regulations, to reduce the basis of vessels, barges, and containers owned by the person maintaining the fund. Any amount of a withdrawal remaining after the application of the preceding sentence shall be treated as a nonqualified withdrawal.
"(5) ORDINARY INCOME RECAPTURE OF BASIS REDUCTION.--If any property the basis of which was reduced under paragraph (2), (3), or (4) is disposed of, any gain realized on such disposition, to the extent it does not exceed the aggregate reduction in the basis of such property under such paragraphs, shall be treated as an amount referred to in subsection (g)(3)(A) which was withdrawn on the date of such disposition. Subject to such conditions and requirements as may be provided in joint regulations, the preceding sentence shall not apply to a disposition where there is a redeposit in an amount determined under joint regulations which will, insofar as practicable, restore the fund to the position it was in before the withdrawal.
"(g) TAX TREATMENT OF NONQUALIFIED WITHDRAWALS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subsection (h), any withdrawal from a capital construction fund which is not qualified withdrawal shall be treated as a nonqualified withdrawal.
"(2) ORDERING RULE.--Any nonqualified withdrawal from a fund shall be treated--
"(A) first as made out of the ordinary income account,
"(B) second as made out of the capital gain account, and
"(C) third as made out of the capital account.
For purposes of this section, items withdrawn from any account shall be treated as withdrawn on a first-in-first-out basis; except that (i) any nonqualified withdrawal for research, development, and design expenses incident to new and advanced ship design, machinery and equipment, and (ii) any amount treated as a nonqualified withdrawal under the second sentence of subsection (f)(4), shall be treated as withdrawn on a last-in-first-out basis.
"(3) OPERATING RULES.--For purposes of this title--
"(A) any amount referred to in paragraph (2)(A) shall be included in income as an item of ordinary income for the taxable year in which the withdrawal is made,
"(B) any amount referred to in paragraph (2)(B) shall be included in income for the taxable year in which the withdrawal is made as an item of gain realized during such year from the disposition of an asset held for more than 6 months, and
"(C) for the period on or before the last date prescribed for payment of tax for the taxable year in which this withdrawal is made--
"(i) no interest shall be payable under section 6601 and no addition to the tax shall be payable under section 6651,
"(ii) interest on the amount of the additional tax attributable to any item referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be paid at the applicable rate (as defined in paragraph (4)) from the last date prescribed for payment of the tax for the taxable year for which such item was deposited in the fund, and
"(iii) no interest shall be payable on amounts referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (2) or in the case of any nonqualified withdrawal arising from the application of the recapture provision of section 606(5) of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 as in effect on December 31, 1969.
"(A) made in a taxable year beginning in 1970 or 1971 is 8 percent, or
"(B) made in a taxable year beginning after 1971, shall be determined and published jointly by the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate and the applicable Secretary and shall bear a relationship to 8 percent which the Secretaries determine under joint regulations to be comparable to the relationship which the money rates and investment yields for the calendar year immediately preceding the beginning of the taxable year bear to the money rates and investment yields for the calendar year 1970.
"(5) AMOUNT NOT WITHDRAWN FROM FUND AFTER 25 YEARS FROM DEPOSIT TAXED AS NONQUALIFIED WITHDRAWAL.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The applicable percentage of any amount which remains in a capital construction fund at the close of the 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, or 30th taxable year following the taxable year for which such amount was deposited shall be treated as a nonqualified withdrawal in accordance with the following table:
fund at the close of the percentage is
26th taxable year 20 percent
27th taxable year 40 percent
28th taxable year 60 percent
29th taxable year 80 percent
30th taxable year 100 percent.
"(C) AMOUNTS COMMITTED TREATED AS WITHDRAWN.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), an amount shall not be treated as remaining in a capital construction fund at the close of any taxable year to the extent there is a binding contract at the close of such year for a qualified withdrawal of such amount with respect to an identified item for which such withdrawal may be made.
"(D) AUTHORITY TO TREAT EXCESS FUNDS AS WITHDRAWN.--If the Secretary determines that the balance in any capital construction fund exceeds the amount which is appropriate to meet the vessel construction program objectives of the person who established such fund, the amount of such excess shall be treated as a nonqualified withdrawal under subparagraph (A) unless such person develops appropriate program objectives within 3 years to dissipate such excess.
"(E) AMOUNTS IN FUND ON JANUARY 1, 1987.--For purposes of this paragraph, all amounts in a capital construction fund on January 1, 1987, shall be treated as deposited in such fund on such date.
"(6) NONQUALIFIED WITHDRAWALS TAXED AT HIGHEST MARGINAL RATE.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any taxable year for which there is a nonqualified withdrawal (including any amount so treated under paragraph (5)), the tax imposed by chapter 1 shall be determined--
"(i) by excluding such withdrawal from gross income, and
"(ii) by increasing the tax imposed by chapter 1 by the product of the amount of such withdrawal and the highest rate of tax specified in section 1 (section 11 in the case of a corporation).
With respect to the portion of any nonqualified withdrawal made out of the capital gain account during a taxable year to which section 1(i) or 1201(a) applies, the rate of tax taken into account under the preceding sentence shall not exceed 28 percent (34 percent in the case of a corporation).
"(B) TAX BENEFIT RULE.--If any portion of a nonqualified withdrawal is properly attributable to deposits (other than earnings on deposits) made by the taxpayer in any taxable year which did not reduce the taxpayer's liability for tax under chapter 1 for any taxable year preceding the taxable year in which such withdrawal occurs--
"(i) such portion shall not be taken into account under subparagraph (A), and
"(ii) an amount equal to such portion shall be treated as allowed as a deduction under section 172 for the taxable year in which such withdrawal occurs.
"(C) COORDINATION WITH DEDUCTION FOR NET OPERATING LOSSES.--Any nonqualified withdrawal excluded from gross income under subparagraph (A) shall be excluded in determining taxable income under section 172(b)(2).
"(1) a transfer of a fund from one person to another person in a transaction to which section 381 applies may be treated as if such transaction did not constitute a nonqualified withdrawal, and
"(2) a similar rule shall be applied in the case of a continuation of a partnership.
"(i) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this section, any term defined in section 607(k) of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936 which is also used in this section (including the definition of 'Secretary') shall have the meaning given such term by such section 607(k) as in effect on the date of the enactment of this section."
(c) CREDITS NOT ALLOWED AGAINST INCREASE IN TAX.--Paragraph (2) of section 26(b) is amended by striking out "and" at the end of subparagraph (G), by striking out the period at the end of subparagraph (H) and inserting in lieu thereof ", and", and by adding at the end thereof the following new subparagraph:
"(m) DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS AND CERTIFICATION.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For each calendar year, the Secretaries shall each provide the Secretary of the Treasury, within 120 days after the close of such calendar year, a written report with respect to those capital construction funds that are under their jurisdiction.
"(2) CONTENTS OF REPORTS.--Each report shall set forth the name and taxpayer identification number of each person--
"(A) establishing a capital construction fund during such calendar year,
"(B) maintaining a capital construction fund as of the last day of such calendar year;
"(C) terminating a capital construction fund during such calendar year;
"(D) making any withdrawal from or deposit into (and the amounts thereof) a capital construction fund during such calendar year; or
"(E) with respect to which a determination has been made during such calendar year that such person has failed to fulfill a substantial obligation under any capital construction fund agreement to which such person is a party."
(1) Subparagraph (A) of section 607(d)(1) of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936 is amended by inserting "and section 7518 of such Code" after "this section".
(2) Subparagraph (D) of section 607(d)(1) of such Act is amended by inserting "and section 7518 of such Code" after "this section".
(3) Subparagraph (C) of section 607(e)(2) of such Act is amended by striking out "85 percent" and inserting in lieu thereof "the percentage applicable under section 243(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986".
(4) Subparagraph (E) of section 607(e)(4) of such Act is amended to read as follows:
"(E) the portion of any dividend referred to in paragraph (2)(C) not taken into account under such paragraph."
(5) Paragraph (3) of section 607(g) of such Act is amended to read as follows:
"(3) If any portion of a qualified withdrawal for a vessel, barge, or container is made out of the capital gain account, the basis of such vessel, barge, or container shall be reduced by an amount equal to such portion."
(6) Subsection (h) of section 607 of such Act is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraphs:
"(5) AMOUNT NOT WITHDRAWN FROM FUND AFTER 25 YEARS FROM DEPOSIT TAXED AS NONQUALIFIED WITHDRAWAL.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The applicable percentage of any amount which remains in a capital construction fund at the close of the 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, or 30th taxable year following the taxable year for which such amount was deposited shall be treated as a nonqualified withdrawal in accordance with the following table:
fund at the close of the percentage is
26th taxable year 20 percent
27th taxable year 40 percent
28th taxable year 60 percent
29th taxable year 80 percent
30th taxable year 100 percent
"(C) AMOUNTS COMMITTED TREATED AS WITHDRAWN.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), an amount shall not be treated as remaining in a capital construction fund at the close of any taxable year to the extent there is a binding contract at the close of such year for a qualified withdrawal of such amount with respect to an identified item for which such withdrawal may be made.
"(D) AUTHORITY TO TREAT EXCESS FUNDS AS WITHDRAWN.--If the Secretary determines that the balance in any capital construction fund exceeds the amount which is appropriate to meet the vessel construction program objectives of the person who established such fund, the amount of such excess shall be treated as a nonqualified withdrawal under subparagraph (A) unless such person develops appropriate program objectives within 3 years to dissipate such excess.
"(E) AMOUNTS IN FUND ON JANUARY 1, 1987.--For purposes of this paragraph, all amounts in a capital construction fund on January 1, 1987, shall be treated as deposited in such fund on such date.
"(6) NONQUALIFIED WITHDRAWALS TAXED AT HIGHEST MARGINAL RATE.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any taxable year for which there is a nonqualified withdrawal (including any amount so treated under paragraph (5)), the tax imposed by chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be determined--
"(i) by excluding such withdrawal from gross income, and
"(ii) by increasing the tax imposed by chapter 1 of such Code by the product of the amount of such withdrawal and the highest rate of tax specified in section 1 (section 11 in the case of a corporation) of such Code.
With respect to the portion of any nonqualified withdrawal made out of the capital gain account during a taxable year to which section 1(i) or 1201(a) of such Code applies, the rate of tax taken into account under the preceding sentence shall not exceed 28 percent (34 percent in the case of a corporation).
"(B) TAX BENEFIT RULE.--If any portion of a nonqualified withdrawal is properly attributable to deposits (other than earnings on deposits) made by the taxpayer in any taxable year which did not reduce the taxpayer's liability for tax under chapter 1 for any taxable year preceding the taxable year in which such withdrawal occurs--
"(i) such portion shall not be taken into account under subparagraph (A), and
"(ii) an amount equal to such portion shall be treated as allowed as a deduction under section 172 of such Code for the taxable year in which such withdrawal occurs.
"(C) COORDINATION WITH DEDUCTION FOR NET OPERATING LOSSES.--Any nonqualified withdrawal excluded from gross income under subparagraph (A) shall be excluded in determining taxable income under section 172(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986."
"Sec. 7518. Tax incentives relating to merchant marine capital construction funds."
(g) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
SEC. 301. REPEAL OF EXCLUSION FOR LONG-TERM CAPITAL GAINS OF INDIVIDUALS.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 1202 (relating to deduction for capital gains) is hereby repealed.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Section 62(a) (defining adjusted gross income), as amended by section 132, is amended by striking out paragraph (3) and redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), and (15) as paragraphs (3) through (12), respectively.
(2) Section 170(e)(1) (relating to certain contributions of ordinary income and capital gain property) is amended by striking out "40 percent (28/46 in the case of a corporation) of".
(3) Paragraph (2) of section 172(d) (relating to modifications with respect to net operating loss deduction) is amended to read as follows:
"(2) CAPITAL GAINS AND LOSSES OF TAXPAYERS OTHER THAN CORPORATIONS.--In the case of a taxpayer other than a corporation, the amount deductible on account of losses from sales or exchanges of capital assets shall not exceed the amount includible on account of gains from sales or exchanges of capital assets."
(4) Paragraph (1) of section 219(f) (defining compensation) is amended by striking out "paragraph (7)" and inserting in lieu thereof "paragraph (6)".
(5)(A) Section 223 (relating to cross references) is amended to read as follows:
"For deductions in respect of a decedent. see section 691."
(6) Paragraph (4) of section 642(c) (relating to deduction for amounts paid or permanently set aside for a charitable purpose) is amended--
(A) by striking out the 1st sentence, and
(B) by striking out "ADJUSTMENTS" in the paragraph heading and inserting in lieu thereof "COORDINATION WITH SECTION 681".
(7) Paragraph (3) of section 643(a) (relating to distributable net income) is amended by striking out the last sentence.
(8) Paragraph (4) of section 691(c) (relating to deduction for estate tax) is amended--
(A) by striking out "1201, 1202, and 1211, and for purposes of section 57(a)(9)" and inserting in lieu thereof "1(j), 1201, and 1211", and
(B) by striking out "CAPITAL GAIN DEDUCTION, ETC.--" in the paragraph heading and inserting in lieu thereof "CAPITAL GAIN PROVISIONS.--".
(9) The second sentence of paragraph (2) of section 871(a) (relating to income not connected with United States business) is amended by striking out "such gains and losses shall be determined without regard to section 1202 (relating to deduction for capital gains) and".
(10) Subsection (b) of section 1211 (relating to limitation on capital losses) is amended to read as follows:
"(b) OTHER TAXPAYERS.--In the case of a taxpayer other than a corporation, losses from sales or exchanges of capital assets shall be allowed only to the extent of the gains from such sales or exchanges, plus (if such losses exceed such gains) the lower of--
"(1) $3,000 ($1,500 in the case of a married individual filing a separate return), or
"(2) the excess of such losses over such gains."
(11) Paragraph (2) of section 1212(b) (relating to capital loss carrybacks and carryovers) is amended to read as follows:
"(2) SPECIAL RULE.--For purposes of determining the excess referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1), an amount equal to the amount allowed for the taxable year under paragraph (1) or (2) of section 1211(b) shall be treated as a short-term capital gain in such year."
(12) Paragraph (1) of section 1402(i) (relating to special rules for options and commodities dealers) is amended to read as follows:
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Notwithstanding subsection (a)(3)(A), in determining the net earnings from self-employment of any options dealer or commodities dealer, there shall not be excluded any gain or loss (in the normal course of the taxpayer's activity of dealing in or trading section 1256 contracts) from section 1256 contracts or property related to such contracts."
(13) The table of sections for part I of subchapter P of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 1202.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
SEC. 302. 28-PERCENT CAPITAL GAINS RATE FOR TAXPAYERS OTHER THAN CORPORATIONS.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 1 (relating to tax imposed on individuals), as amended by sections 101 and 1411, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(j) MAXIMUM CAPITAL GAINS RATE.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--If a taxpayer has a net capital gain for any taxable year to which this subsection applies, then the tax imposed by this section shall not exceed the sum of--
"(A) a tax computed at the rates and in the same manner as if this subsection had not been enacted on the greater of--
"(i) the taxable income reduced by the amount of net capital gain, or
"(ii) the amount of taxable income taxed at a rate below 28 percent, plus
"(B) a tax of 28 percent of the amount of taxable income in excess of the amount determined under subparagraph (A), plus
"(C) the amount of increase determined under subsection (g).
"(2) YEARS TO WHICH SUBSECTION APPLIES.--This subsection shall apply to--
"(A) any taxable year beginning in 1987, and
"(B) any taxable year beginning after 1987 if the highest rate of tax set forth in subsection (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) (whichever applies) for such taxable year exceeds 28 percent."
(c) TRANSITIONAL RULE.--The tax under section 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 on the long-term capital gain on rights to royalties paid under leases and assignments binding on September 25, 1985, by a limited partnership formed on March 1, 1977, which on October 30, 1979, assigned leases and which assignment was amended on April 27, 1981, shall not exceed 20 percent.
SEC. 311. REPEAL OF CORPORATE CAPITAL GAINS TREATMENT.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 1201 (relating to alternative tax for corporations) is amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 1201. ALTERNATIVE TAX FOR CORPORATIONS.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--If for any taxable year a corporation has a net capital gain and any rate of tax imposed by section 11, 511, or 831(a) (whichever is applicable) exceeds 34 percent (determined without regard to the last sentence of section 11(b)), then, in lieu of any such tax, there is hereby imposed a tax (if such tax is less than the tax imposed by such sections) which shall consist of the sum of--
"(1) a tax computed on the taxable income reduced by the amount of the net capital gain, at the rates and in the manner as if this subsection had not been enacted, plus
"(2) a tax of 34 percent of the net capital gain.
"(b) CROSS REFERENCES.--
"For computation of the alternative tax--
"(1) in the case of life insurance companies, see section 801(a)(2),
"(2) in the case of regulated investment companies and their shareholders, see section 852(b)(3)(A) and (D), and
"(3) in the case of real estate investment trusts, see section 857(b)(3)(A)."
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Clause (iii) of section 852(b)(3)(D) is amended by striking out "72 percent" and inserting in lieu thereof "66 percent".
(2) Subparagraph (E) of section 593(b)(2), as in effect before the amendments made by title IX, is amended by adding "and" at the end of clause (iii), by striking out clause (iv), and by redesignating clause (v) as clause (iv).
(3) The second sentence of section 631(c) is amended by striking out "Such owner" and inserting in lieu thereof "If for the taxable year of such gain or loss the maximum rate of tax imposed by this chapter on any net capital gain is less than such maximum rate for ordinary income, such owner".
(4) Paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 1445(e) (as amended by title XVIII) are each amended by striking out "28 percent" and inserting in lieu thereof "34 percent".
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(d) TRANSITIONAL RULES.--
(1) TAXABLE YEARS WHICH BEGIN IN 1986 AND END IN 1987.--In the case of any taxable year which begins before January 1, 1987, and ends on or after such date, paragraph (2) of section 1201(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as in effect on the date before the date of enactment of this Act, shall be applied as if it read as follows:
"(2) the sum of--
"(A) 28 percent of the lesser of--
"(i) the net capital gain determined by taking into account only gain or loss which is properly taken into account for the portion of the taxable year before January 1, 1987, or
"(ii) the net capital gain for the taxable year, and
"(B) 34 percent of the excess (if any) of--
"(i) the net capital gain for the taxable year, over
"(ii) the amount of the net capital gain taken into account under subparagraph (A)."
SEC. 321. REPEAL OF REQUIREMENT THAT INCENTIVE STOCK OPTIONS ARE EXERCISABLE ONLY IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER; MODIFICATION OF $100,000 LIMITATION.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subsection (b) of section 422A is amended by inserting "and" at the end of paragraph (6) and by striking out paragraphs (7) and (8) and inserting in lieu thereof the following new paragraph:
"(7) under the terms of the plan, the aggregate fair market value (determined at the time the option is granted) of the stock with respect to which incentive stock options are exercisable for the 1st time by such individual during any calendar year (under all such plans of the individual's employer corporation and its parent and subsidiary corporations) shall not exceed $100,000."
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Subsection (c) of section 422A is amended--
(A) by striking out paragraphs (4) and (7), and
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), (8), (9), and (10) as paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), and (8), respectively.
(2) The last sentence of section 422A(c)(1) is amended by striking out "paragraph (8) of subsection (b) and paragraph (4) of this subsection" and inserting in lieu thereof "paragraph (7) of subsection (b)".
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to options granted after December 31, 1986.
SEC. 331. YEAR-END RULE EXPANDED.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Subparagraph (E) of section 1092(c)(4) (defining straddle) is amended--
(1) by inserting "or the stock is disposed of at a loss" in clause (i) after "closed",
(2) by striking out "is" in clause (ii) and inserting in lieu thereof "or gains on such options are", and
(3) by inserting "or option" after "stock" and "or the disposition of such stock" after "options" in clause (iii).
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to positions established on or after January 1, 1987.
SEC. 401. LIMITATION ON EXPENSING OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION EXPENDITURES.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subsection (c) of section 175 (relating to soil and water conservation expenditures) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(3) ADDITIONAL LIMITATIONS.--
"(A) EXPENDITURES MUST BE CONSISTENT WITH SOIL CONSERVATION PLAN.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, subsection (a) shall not apply to any expenditures unless such expenditures are consistent with--
"(i) the plan (if any) approved by the Soil Conservation Service of the Department of Agriculture for the area in which the land is located, or
"(ii) if there is no plan described in clause (i), any soil conservation plan of a comparable State agency.
"(B) CERTAIN WETLAND, ETC., ACTIVITIES NOT QUALIFIED.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to any expenditures in connection with the draining or filling of wetlands or land preparation for center pivot irrigation systems."
SEC. 402. REPEAL OF SPECIAL TREATMENT FOR EXPENDITURES FOR CLEARING LAND.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 182 (relating to expenditures by farmers for clearing land) is hereby repealed.
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Paragraph (1) of section 263(a) (relating to capital expenditures) is amended by striking out subparagraph (E) and by redesignating subparagraphs (F), (G), and (H) as subparagraphs (E), (F), and (G), respectively.
(2) Subparagraph (A) of section 1252(a)(1) (relating to gain from disposition of farm land) is amended by striking out "(relating to expenditures by farmers for clearing land)" and inserting in lieu thereof "(as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986)".
(3) The table of sections for part VI of subchapter B of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 182.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to amounts paid or incurred after December 31, 1985, in taxable years ending after such date.
SEC. 403. TREATMENT OF DISPOSITIONS OF CONVERTED WETLANDS OR HIGHLY ERODIBLE CROPLANDS.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Part IV of subchapter P of chapter 1 (relating to special rules for determining capital gains and losses) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section:
"SEC. 1257. DISPOSITION OF CONVERTED WETLANDS OR HIGHLY ERODIBLE CROPLANDS.
"(a) GAIN TREATED AS ORDINARY INCOME.--Any gain on the disposition of converted wetland or highly erodible cropland shall be treated as ordinary income. Such gain shall be recognized notwithstanding any other provision of this subtitle, except that this section shall not apply to the extent such gain is recognized as ordinary income under any other provision of this part.
"(b) LOSS TREATED AS LONG-TERM CAPITAL LOSS.--Any loss recognized on the disposition of converted wetland or highly erodible cropland shall be treated as a long-term capital loss.
"(c) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) CONVERTED WETLAND.--The term 'converted wetland' means any converted wetland (as defined in section 1201(4) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801(4))) held--
"(A) by the person whose activities resulted in such land being converted wetland, or
"(B) by any other person who at any time used such land for farming purposes.
"(2) HIGHLY ERODIBLE CROPLAND.--The term 'highly erodible cropland' means any highly erodible cropland (as defined in section 1201(6) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801(6))), if at any time the taxpayer used such land for farming purposes (other than the grazing of animals).
"(3) TREATMENT OF SUCCESSORS.--If any land is converted wetland or highly erodible cropland in the hands of any person, such land shall be treated as converted wetland or highly erodible cropland in the hands of any other person whose adjusted basis in such land is determined (in whole or in part) by reference to the adjusted basis of such land in the hands of such person.
"(d) SPECIAL RULES.--Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, rules similar to the rules applicable under section 1245 shall apply for purposes of subsection (a). For purposes of sections 170(e), 341(e)(12), and 751(c), amounts treated as ordinary income under subsection (a) shall be treated in the same manner as amounts treated as ordinary income under section 1245."
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for part IV of subchapter P of chapter 1 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new item:
"Sec. 1257. Disposition of converted wetlands or highly erodible croplands."
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to dispositions of converted wetland or highly erodible cropland (as defined in section 1257(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as added by this section) first used for farming after March 1, 1986, in taxable years ending after that date.
SEC. 404. LIMITATION ON CERTAIN PREPAID FARMING EXPENSES.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 464 (relating to limitations on deductions in case of farming syndicates) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(f) SUBSECTIONS (a) AND (b) TO APPLY TO CERTAIN PERSONS PREPAYING 50 PERCENT OR MORE OF CERTAIN FARMING EXPENSES.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a taxpayer to whom this subsection applies, subsections (a) and (b) shall apply to the excess prepaid farm supplies of such taxpayer in the same manner as if such taxpayer were a farming syndicate.
"(2) TAXPAYER TO WHOM SUBSECTION APPLIES.--This subsection applies to any taxpayer for any taxable year if such taxpayer--
"(A) does not use an accrual method of accounting,
"(B) has excess prepaid farm supplies for the taxable year, and
"(C) is not a qualified farm-related taxpayer.
"(3) QUALIFIED FARM-RELATED TAXPAYER.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'qualified' farm-related taxpayer' means any farm-related taxpayer if--
"(i)(I) the aggregate prepaid farm supplies for the 3 taxable years preceding the taxable year are less than 50 percent of,
"(II) the aggregate deductible farming expenses (other than prepaid farm supplies) for such 3 taxable years, or
"(ii) the taxpayer has excess prepaid farm supplies for the taxable year by reason of any change in business operation directly attributable to extraordinary circumstances.
"(B) FARM-RELATED TAXPAYER.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'farm-related taxpayer' means any taxpayer--
"(i) whose principal residence (within the meaning of section 1034) is on a farm,
"(ii) who has a principal occupation of farming, or
"(iii) who is a member of the family (within the meaning of subsection (c)(2)(E)) of a taxpayer described in clause (i) or (ii).
"(A) EXCESS PREPAID FARM SUPPLIES.--The term 'excess prepaid farm supplies' means the prepaid farm supplies for the taxable year to the extent the amount of such supplies exceeds 50 percent of the deductible farming expenses for the taxable year (other than prepaid farm supplies).
"(B) PREPAID FARM SUPPLIES.--The term 'prepaid farm supplies' means any amounts which are described in subsection (a) or (b) and would be allowable for a subsequent taxable year under the rules of subsections (a) and (b).
"(C) DEDUCTIBLE FARMING EXPENSES.--The term 'deductible farming expenses' means any amount allowable as a deduction under this chapter (including any amount allowable as a deduction for depreciation or amortization) which is properly allocable to the trade or business of farming."
(1) The heading for section 464 is amended by striking out "IN CASE OF FARMING SYNDICATES" and inserting in lieu thereof "FOR CERTAIN FARMING".
(2) The table of sections for subpart C of part II of subchapter E of chapter 1 is amended by striking out "in case of farming syndicates" in the item relating to section 464 and inserting in lieu thereof "for certain farming expenses".
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to amounts paid or incurred after March 1, 1986, in taxable years beginning after such date.
SEC. 405. TAX TREATMENT OF DISCHARGE OF CERTAIN INDEBTEDNESS OF SOLVENT FARMERS.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 108 (relating to income from discharge of indebtedness) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(g) SPECIAL RULES FOR DISCHARGE OF QUALIFIED FARM INDEBTEDNESS OF SOLVENT FARMERS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this section and section 1017, the discharge by a qualified person of qualified farm indebtedness of a taxpayer who is not insolvent at the time of the discharge shall be treated in the same manner as if the discharge had occurred when the taxpayer was insolvent.
"(2) QUALIFIED FARM INDEBTEDNESS.--For purposes of this subsection, indebtedness of a taxpayer shall be treated as qualified farm indebtedness if--
"(A) such indebtedness was incurred directly in connection with the operation by the taxpayer of the trade or business of farming, and
"(B) 50 percent or more of the average annual gross receipts of the taxpayer for the 3 taxable years preceding the taxable year in which the discharge of such indebtedness occurs is attributable to the trade or business of farming.
"(3) QUALIFIED PERSON.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'qualified person' means a person described in section 46(c)(8)(D)(iv)."
(b) BASIS ADJUSTMENT.--Section 1017(b) (relating to basis adjustment) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(4) ORDERING RULE IN THE CASE OF QUALIFIED FARM INDEBTEDNESS.--Any amount which is excluded from gross income under section 108(a) by reason of the discharge of qualified farm indebtedness (within the meaning of section 108(g)(2)) and which under subsection (b) of section 108 is to be applied to reduce basis shall be applied--
"(A) first to reduce the tax attributes described in section 108(b)(2) (other than subparagraph (D) thereof),
"(B) then to reduce basis of property other than property described in subparagraph (C), and
"(C) then to reduce the basis of land used or held for use in the trade or business of farming."
SEC. 406. RETENTION OF CAPITAL GAINS TREATMENT FOR SALES OF DAIRY CATTLE UNDER MILK PRODUCTION TERMINATION PROGRAM.
The amendments made by subtitles A and B of title III shall not apply to any gain from the sale of dairy cattle under a valid contract with the United States Department of Agriculture under the milk production termination program to the extent such gain is properly taken into account under the taxpayer's method of accounting after January 1, 1987, and before September 1, 1987.
SEC. 411. TREATMENT OF INTANGIBLE DRILLING COSTS AND MINERAL EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS.
(a) TREATMENT UNDER SECTION 291.--
(1) INCREASE IN PERCENTAGE DISALLOWANCE.--Paragraph (1) of section 291(b) (relating to special rules for treatment of intangible drilling costs and mineral exploration and development costs) is amended by striking out "20 percent" and inserting in lieu thereof "30 percent".
(2) TREATMENT OF DISALLOWED AMOUNT.--Subsection (b) of section 291 is amended by striking out paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6) and inserting in lieu thereof the following new paragraphs:
"(2) AMORTIZATION OF AMOUNTS NOT ALLOWABLE AS DEDUCTIONS UNDER PARAGRAPH (1).--The amount not allowable as a deduction under section 263(c), 616(a), or 617(a) (as the case may be) for any taxable year by reason of paragraph (1) shall be allowable as a deduction ratably over the 60-month period beginning with the month in which the costs are paid or incurred.
"(3) DISPOSITIONS.--For purposes of section 1254, any deduction under paragraph (2) shall be treated as a deduction allowable under section 263(c), 616(a), or 617(a) (whichever is appropriate).
"(4) INTEGRATED OIL COMPANY DEFINED.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'integrated oil company' means, with respect to any taxable year, any producer (within the meaning of section 4996(a)(1)) of crude oil other than an independent producer (within the meaning of section 4992(b)).
"(5) COORDINATION WITH COST DEPLETION.--The portion of the adjusted basis of any property which is attributable to amounts to which paragraph (1) applied shall not be taken into account for purposes of determining depletion under section 611."
(b) TREATMENT OF COSTS INCURRED OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES.--
(1) INTANGIBLE DRILLING AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--Section 263 (relating to capital expenditures) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(1) subsection (c) shall not apply and
"(2) such costs shall--
"(A) at the election of the taxpayer, be included in adjusted basis for purposes of computing the amount of any deduction allowable under section 611 (determined without regard to section 613), or
"(B) if subparagraph (A) does not apply, be allowed as a deduction ratably over the 10-taxable year period beginning with the taxable year in which such costs were paid or incurred.
(2) DEVELOPMENT AND MINING EXPLORATION COSTS.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--Section 616 (relating to development expenditures) is amended by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e), and inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsection:
"(1) subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply, and
"(2) such expenditures shall--
"(A) at the election of the taxpayer, be included in adjusted basis for purposes of computing the amount of any deduction allowable under section 611 (without regard to section 613), or
"(B) if subparagraph (A) does not apply, be allowed as a deduction ratably over the 10-taxable year period beginning with the taxable year in which such expenditures were paid or incurred."
(B) CERTAIN MINING EXPLORATION EXPENDITURES OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES.--Section 617(h) (relating to limitation) is amended to read as follows:
"(1) subsection (a) shall not apply, and
"(2) such expenditures shall--
"(A) at the election of the taxpayer, be included in adjusted basis for purposes of computing the amount of any deduction allowable under section 611 (without regard to section 613), or
"(B) if subparagraph (A) does not apply, be allowed as a deduction ratably over the 10-taxable year period beginning with the taxable year in which such expenditures were paid or incurred."
(C) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(i) Subsection (a) of section 616 is amended by striking out "subsection (b)" and inserting in lieu thereof "subsections (b) and (d)".
(ii) Subparagraph (B) of section 291(b)(1) is amended by striking out "617" and inserting in lieu thereof "617(a)".
(iii) Paragraph (10) of section 381(c) is amended by striking out the last sentence thereof.
(iv) Subparagraph (C) of section 243(b)(3) is amended--
(I) by adding "and" at the end of clause (i),
(II) by striking out clause (ii), and
(III) by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (ii).
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to costs paid or incurred after December 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date.
(2) TRANSITION RULE.--The amendments made by this section shall not apply with respect to intangible drilling and development costs incurred by United States companies pursuant to a minority interest in a license for Netherlands or United Kingdom North Sea development if such interest was acquired on or before December 31, 1985.
(a) PERCENTAGE DEPLETION NOT ALLOWED FOR LEASE BONUSES, ETC.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (d) of section 613A (relating to limitations on application of subsection (c)) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(5) PERCENTAGE DEPLETION NOT ALLOWED FOR LEASE BONUSES, ETC.--In the case of any oil or gas property to which subsection (c) applies, for purposes of section 613, the term 'gross income from the property' shall not include any lease bonus, advance royalty, or other amount payable without regard to production from property."
(2) GEOTHERMAL DEPOSITS.--Section 613(e) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(4) PERCENTAGE DEPLETION NOT TO INCLUDE LEASE BONUSES, ETC.--In the case of any geothermal deposit, the term 'gross income from the property' shall, for purposes of this section, not include any amount described in section 613A(d)(5)."
(3) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by this subsection shall apply to amounts received or accrued after August 16, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date.
(b) TREATMENT UNDER SECTION 291 OF COAL AND IRON ORE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (2) of section 291(a) (relating to reductions in percentage depletion) is amended by striking out "15 percent" and inserting in lieu thereof "20 percent".
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 1254 is amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 1251. GAIN FROM DISPOSITION OF INTEREST IN OIL, GAS, GEOTHERMAL, OR OTHER MINERAL PROPERTIES.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--
"(1) ORDINARY INCOME.--If any section 1254 property is disposed of, the lesser of--
"(A) the aggregate amount of--
"(i) expenditures which have been deducted by the taxpayer or any person under section 263, 616, or 617 with respect to such property and which, but for such deduction, would have been included in the adjusted basis of such property, and
"(ii) the deductions for depletion under section 611 which reduced the adjusted basis of such property, or
"(B) the excess of--
"(i) in the case of--
"(I) a sale, exchange, or involuntary conversion, the amount realized, or
"(II) in the case of any other disposition, the fair market value of such property, over
"(ii) the adjusted basis of such property,
"(2) DISPOSITION OF PORTION OF PROPERTY.--For purposes of paragraph (1)--
"(A) In the case of the disposition of a portion of section 1254 property (other than an undivided interest), the entire amount of the aggregate expenditures or deductions described in paragraph (1)(A) with respect to such property shall be treated as allocable to such portion to the extent of the amount of the gain to which paragraph (1) applies.
"(B) In the case of the disposition of an undivided interest in a section 1254 property (or a portion thereof), a proportionate part of the expenditures or deductions described in paragraph (1)(A) with respect to such property shall be treated as allocable to such undivided interest to the extent of the amount of the gain to which paragraph (1) applies.
This paragraph shall not apply to any expenditures to the extent the taxpayer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such expenditures do not relate to the portion (or interest therein) disposed of.
"(3) SECTION 1254 PROPERTY.--The term 'section 1254 property' means any property (within the meaning of section 614) if--
"(A) any expenditures described in paragraph (1)(A) are properly chargeable to such property, or
"(B) the adjusted basis of such property includes adjustments for deductions for depletion under section 611.
"(1) rules similar to the rule of subsection (g) of section 617 and to the rules of subsections (b) and (c) of section 1245 shall be applied for purposes of this section; and
"(2) in the case of the sale or exchange of stock in an S corporation, rules similar to the rules of section 751 shall be applied to that portion of the excess of the amount realized over the adjusted basis of the stock which is attributable to expenditures referred to in subsection (a)(1)(A) of this section."
(b) COORDINATION WITH SECTION 617(d).--Subsection (d) of section 617 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(5) COORDINATION WITH SECTION 1254.--This subsection shall not apply to any disposition to which section 1254 applies."
(c) EFFECTIVE DATES.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to any disposition of property which is placed in service by the taxpayer after December 31, 1986.
(2) EXCEPTION FOR BINDING CONTRACTS.--The amendments made by this section shall not apply to any disposition of property placed in service after December 31, 1986, if such property was acquired pursuant to a written contract which was entered into before September 26, 1985, and which was binding at all times thereafter.
SEC. 421. EXTENSION OF ENERGY INVESTMENT CREDIT FOR SOLAR, GEOTHERMAL, OCEAN THERMAL, AND BIOMASS PROPERTY.
(a) IN GENERAL.--The table contained in subparagraph (A) of section 46(b)(2) (relating to energy percentage) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new items:
"(viii) SOLAR ENERGY A. 15 percent Jan. 1, Dec. 31,
PROPERTY.--Property 1986 1986.
described in section B. 12 percent Jan. 1, Dec. 31,
48(l)(4) (other than 1987 1987.
wind energy property). C. 10 percent Jan. 1, Dec. 31,
1988 1988.
"(ix) GEOTHERMAL PROPERTY A. 15 percent Jan. 1, Dec. 31,
--Property described in 1986 1986.
section 48(l)(3)(A)(viii). B. 10 percent Jan. 1, Dec. 31,
1987 1988.
"(x) OCEAN THERMAL 15 percent Jan. 1, Dec. 31,
PROPERTY.--Property 1986 1988.
described in section
48(l)(3)(A)(ix).
"(xi) BIOMASS PROPERTY. A. 15 percent Jan. 1, Dec. 31,
--Property described in 1986 1988.
section 48(l)(15). B. 10 percent Jan. 1, Dec. 31,
1987 1 987."
SEC. 422. PROVISIONS RELATING TO EXCISE TAX ON FUELS.
(a) REDUCTION IN EXCISE TAX EXEMPTION FOR QUALIFIED METHANOL AND ETHANOL FUELS.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Subparagraph (A) of section 4041(b)(2) (relating to exemption for qualified ethanol and methanol fuels) is amended to read as follows:
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any qualified methanol or ethanol fuel, subsection (a)(2) shall be applied by substituting '3 cents' for '9 cents'.".
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The heading for section 4041(b) is amended by striking out "Exemption" the second place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof "Reduction in Tax".
(3) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this subsection shall take effect on January 1, 1987.
(b) EXTENSION OF REDUCTION IN TAX FOR FUEL USED BY TAXICABS.--Paragraph (3) of section 6427(e) (relating to termination) is amended by striking out "September 30, 1985" and inserting in lieu thereof "September 30, 1988".
SEC. 423. ETHYL ALCOHOL AND MIXTURES THEREOF FOR FUEL USE.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subsection (b), no ethyl alcohol or a mixture thereof may be considered--
(1) for purposes of general headnote 3(a) of the Tariff Schedules of the United States, to be--
(A) the growth or product of an insular possession of the United States,
(B) manufactured or produced in an insular possession from materials which are the growth, product, or manufacture of any such possession, or
(C) otherwise eligible for exemption from duty under such headnote as the growth or product of an insular possession; or
(2) for purposes of section 213 of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, to be--
(A) an article that is wholly the growth, product, or manufacture of a beneficiary country,
(B) a new or different article of commerce which has been grown, produced, or manufactured in a beneficiary country,
(C) a material produced in a beneficiary country, or
(D) otherwise eligible for duty-free treatment under such Act as the growth, product, or manufacture of a beneficiary country;
(b) EXCEPTION.--
(1) Subject to the limitation in paragraph (2), subsection (a) shall not apply to ethyl alcohol that is imported into the United States during calendar years 1987 and 1988 and produced in--
(A) an azeotropic distillation facility located in an insular possession of the United States or a beneficiary country, if that facility was established before, and in operation on, January 1, 1986, or
(B) an azeotropic distillation facility--
(i) at least 50 percent of the total value of the equipment and components of which were--
(I) produced in the United States, and
(II) owned by a corporation at least 50 percent of the total value of the outstanding shares of stock of which were owned by a United States person (or persons) on or before January 1, 1986, and
(ii) substantially all of the equipment and components of which were, On or before January 1986--
(I) located in the United States under the possession or control of such corporation,
(II) ready for shipment to, and installation in, a beneficiary country, and
(iii) which--
(I) has on the date of enactment of this Act, or
(II) will have at the time such facility is placed in service (based on estimates made before the date of enactment of this Act),
(2) The exception provided under paragraph (1) shall cease to apply during each of calendar years 1987 and 1988 to ethyl alcohol produced in a facility described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) after 20,000,000 gallons of ethyl alcohol produced in that facility are entered into the United States during that year.
(c) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this section--
(1) The term "ethyl alcohol or a mixture thereof" means (except for purposes of subsection (e)) ethyl alcohol or any mixture thereof described in item 901.50 of the Appendix to the Tariff Schedules of the United States.
(2) Ethyl alcohol or a mixture thereof may be treated as being an indigenous product of an insular possession or beneficiary country only if the ethyl alcohol or a mixture thereof--
(A) has been both dehydrated and produced by a process of full-scale fermentation within that insular possession or beneficiary country; or
(B) has been dehydrated within that insular possession or beneficiary country from hydrous ethyl alcohol that includes hydrous ethyl alcohol which is wholly the product or manufacture of any insular possession or beneficiary country and which has a value not less than--
(i) 30 percent of the value of the ethyl alcohol or mixture, if entered during calendar year 1987, except that this clause shall not apply to any ethyl alcohol or mixture which has been dehydrated in the United States Virgin Islands by a facility with respect to which--
(I) the owner has entered into a binding contract for the engineering and design of full-scale fermentation capacity, and
(II) authorization for operation of a full-scale fermentation facility has been granted by the Island authorities before May 1, 1986,
(ii) 60 percent of the value of the ethyl alcohol or mixture, if entered during calendar year 1988, and
(iii) 75 percent of the value of the ethyl alcohol or mixture, if entered after December 31, 1988.
(4) The term "United States person" has the meaning given to such term by section 7701(a)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
(5) The term "entered" means entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption in the customs territory of the United States.
(d) AMENDMENT TO APPENDIX TO SCHEDULES.--The item designation for item 901.50 of the Appendix to the Tariff Schedules of the United States is amended to read as follows:
"Ethyl alcohol (provided for in item 427.88, part 2D, schedule 4) or any mixture containing such ethyl alcohol (provided for in part 1, 2 or 10, schedule 4) if such ethyl alcohol or mixture is to be used as fuel or in producing a mixture of gasoline and alcohol, a mixture of a special fuel and alcohol, or any other mixture to be used as fuel (including motor fuel provided for in item 475.25), or is suitable for any such uses."
(e) DRAWBACKS.--
(1) For purposes of subsections (b) and (j)(2) of section 313 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1313), as amended by section 1888(2) of this Act, any ethyl alcohol (provided for in item 427.88 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States) or mixture containing such ethyl alcohol (provided for in part 1, 2, or 10 of schedule 4 of such Schedules) which is subject to the additional duty imposed by item 901.50 of the Appendix to such Schedules may be treated as being fungible with, or of being of the same kind and quality as, any other imported ethyl alcohol (provided for in item 427.88 of such Schedules) or mixture containing such ethyl alcohol (provided for in part 1, 2, or 10 of schedule 4 of such Schedules) only if such other imported ethyl alcohol or mixture thereof is also subject to such additional duty.
(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to ethyl alcohol (provided for in item 427.88 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States) or mixture containing such ethly alcohol (provided for in part 1, 2, or 10 of schedule 4 of such Schedules) that is exempt from the additional duty imposed by item 901.50 of the Appendix to such Schedules by reason of
(A) subsection (b), or
(B) any agreement entered into under section 102(b) of the Trade Act of 1974.
(1) General headnote 3(a)(i) of the Tariff Schedules of the United States is amended by inserting "and except as provided in section 423 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986," after "part 7 of schedule 7,".
(2) Section 213(a)(1) of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (19 U.S.C. 2703(a)(1)) is amended by inserting "and subject to section 423 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986," after "Unless otherwise excluded from eligibility by this title,".
(3) The headnotes to subpart A of part 1 of the Appendix to the Tariff Schedules of the United States are amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
"2. For purposes of item 901.50, the phrase 'is suitable for any such uses' does not include ethyl alcohol (provided for in item 427.88, part 2D, schedule 4) that is certified by the importer of record to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Customs (hereinafter in this headnote referred to as the 'Commissioner') to be ethyl alcohol or a mixture containing such ethyl alcohol imported for uses other than liquid motor fuel use or use in producing liquid motor fuel related mixtures. If the importer of record certifies nonliquid motor fuel use for purposes of establishing actual use or suitability under item 901.50, the Commissioner shall not liquidate the entry of ethyl alcohol until he is satisfied that the ethyl alcohol has in fact not been used for liquid motor fuel use or use in producing liquid motor fuel related mixtures. If he is not satisfied within a reasonable period of time not less than 18 months from the date of entry, then the duties provided for in item 901.50 shall be payable retroactive to the date of entry. Such duties shall also become payable, retroactive to the date of entry, immediately upon the diversion to liquid motor fuel use of any ethyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol mixture certified upon entry as having been imported for non-liquid motor fuel use."
(g) EFFECTIVE PERIOD.--
(1) The provisions of, and the amendments made by, this section (other than subsection (e)) shall apply to articles entered--
(A) after December 31, 1986, and
(B) before the expiration of the effective period of item 901.50 of the Appendix to the Tariff Schedules of the United States.
(2) The provisions of subsection (e) shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 501. LIMITATIONS ON LOSSES AND CREDITS FROM PASSIVE ACTIVITIES.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subpart C of part II of subchapter E of chapter 1 (relating to taxable year for which deductions taken) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section:
"SEC. 469. PASSIVE ACTIVITY LOSSES AND CREDITS LIMITED.
"(a) DISALLOWANCE.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--If for any taxable year the taxpayer is described in paragraph (2), neither--
"(A) the passive activity loss, nor
"(B) the passive activity credit,
for the taxable year shall be allowed.
"(2) PERSONS DESCRIBED.--The following are described in this paragraph:
"(A) any individual, estate, or trust,
"(B) any closely held C corporation, and
"(C) any personal service corporation.
"(c) PASSIVE ACTIVITY DEFINED.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'passive activity' means any activity--
"(A) which involves the conduct of any trade or business, and
"(B) in which the taxpayer does not materially participate.
"(2) PASSIVE ACTIVITY INCLUDES ANY RENTAL ACTIVITY.--The term 'passive activity' includes any rental activity.
"(3) WORKING INTERESTS IN OIL AND GAS PROPERTY.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'passive activity' shall not include any working interest in any oil or gas property which the taxpayer holds directly or through an entity which does not limit the liability of the taxpayer with respect to such interest.
"(B) INCOME IN SUBSEQUENT YEARS.--If any taxpayer has any loss for any taxable year from a working interest in any oil or gas property which is treated as a loss which is not from a passive activity, then any net income from such property (or any property the basis of which is determined in whole or in part by reference to the basis of such property) for any succeeding taxable year shall be treated as income of the taxpayer which is not from a passive activity.
"(4) MATERIAL PARTICIPATION NOT REQUIRED FOR PARAGRAPHS (2) AND (3).--Paragraphs (2) and (3) shall be applied without regard to whether or not the taxpayer materially participates in the activity.
"(5) TRADE OR BUSINESS INCLUDES RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION ACTIVITY.--For purposes of paragraph (1)(A), the term 'trade or business' includes any activity involving research or experimentation (within the meaning of section 174).
"(6) ACTIVITY IN CONNECTION WITH TRADE OR BUSINESS OR PRODUCTION OF INCOME.--To the extent provided in regulations, for purposes of paragraph (1)(A), the term 'trade or business' includes--
"(A) any activity in connection with a trade or business, or
"(B) any activity with respect to which expenses are allowable as a deduction under section 212.
"(1) PASSIVE ACTIVITY LOSS.--The term 'passive activity loss' means the amount (if any) by which--
"(A) the aggregate losses from all passive activities for the taxable year, exceed
"(B) the aggregate income from all passive activities for such year.
"(2) PASSIVE ACTIVITY CREDIT.--The term 'passive activity credit' means the amount (if any) by which--
"(A) the sum of the credits from all passive activities allowable for the taxable year under--
"(i) subpart D of part IV of subchapter A, or
"(ii) subpart B (other than section 27(a)) of such part IV, exceeds
"(B) the regular tax liability of the taxpayer for the taxable year allocable to all passive activities.
"(1) CERTAIN INCOME NOT TREATED AS INCOME FROM PASSIVE ACTIVITY.--In determining the income or loss from any activity--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--There shall not be taken into account--
"(i) any--
"(I) gross income from interest, dividends, annuities, or royalties not derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business,
"(II) expenses (other than interest) which are clearly and directly allocable to such gross income, and
"(III) interest expense properly allocable to such gross income, and
"(ii) gain or loss attributable to the disposition of property--
"(I) producing income of a type described in clause (i), or
"(II) held for investment.
"(B) RETURN ON WORKING CAPITAL.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), any income, gain, or loss which is attributable to an investment of working capital shall be treated as not derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
"(2) PASSIVE LOSSES OF CERTAIN CLOSELY HELD CORPORATIONS MAY OFFSET ACTIVE INCOME.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If a closely held C corporation (other than a personal service corporation) has net active income for any taxable year, the passive activity loss of such taxpayer for such taxable year (determined without regard to this paragraph)--
"(i) shall be allowable as a deduction against net active income, and
"(ii) shall not be taken into account under subsection (a) to the extent so allowable as a deduction.
A similar rule shall apply in the case of any passive activity credit of the taxpayer.
"(B) NET ACTIVE INCOME.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'net active income' means the taxable income of the taxpayer for the taxable year determined without regard to--
"(i) any income or loss from a passive activity, and
"(ii) any item of gross income, expense, gain, or loss described in paragraph (1)(A).
"(4) DIVIDENDS REDUCED BY DIVIDENDS RECEIVED DEDUCTION.--For purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), income from dividends shall be reduced by the amount of any dividends received deduction under section 243, 244, or 245.
"(f) TREATMENT OF FORMER PASSIVE ACTIVITIES.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--If an activity is a former passive activity for any taxable year--
"(A) any unused deduction allocable to such activity under subsection (b) shall be offset against the income from such activity for the taxable year,
"(B) any unused credit allocable to such activity under subsection (b) shall be offset against the regular tax liability (computed after the application of paragraph (1)) allocable to such activity for the taxable year, and
"(C) any such deduction or credit remaining after the application of subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall continue to be treated as arising from a passive activity.
"(2) CHANGE IN STATUS OF CLOSELY HELD C CORPORATION OR PERSONAL SERVICE CORPORATION.--If a taxpayer ceases for any taxable year to be a closely held C corporation or personal service corporation, this section shall continue to apply to losses and credits to which this section applied for any preceding taxable year in the same manner as if such taxpayer continued to be a closely held C corporation or personal service corporation, whichever is applicable.
"(3) FORMER PASSIVE ACTIVITY.--The term 'former passive activity' means any activity which, with respect to the taxpayer--
"(A) is not a passive activity for the taxable year, but
"(B) was a passive activity for any prior taxable year.
"(1) FULLY TAXABLE TRANSACTION.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If all gain or loss realized on such disposition is recognized, any loss from such activity which has not previously been allowed as a deduction (and in the case of a passive activity for the taxable year, any loss realized on such disposition) shall not be treated as a passive activity loss and shall be allowable as a deduction against income in the following order:
"(i) Income or gain from the passive activity for the taxable year (including any gain recognized on the disposition).
"(ii) Net income or gain for the taxable year from all passive activities.
"(iii) Any other income or gain.
"(B) SUBPARAGRAPH (A) NOT TO APPLY TO DISPOSITION INVOLVING RELATED PARTY.--If the taxpayer and the person acquiring the interest bear a relationship to each other described in section 267(b) or section 707(b)(1), then subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any loss of the taxpayer until the taxable year in which such interest is acquired (in a transaction described in subparagraph (A)) by another person who does not bear such a relationship to the taxpayer.
"(C) COORDINATION WITH SECTION 1211.--In the case of any loss realized on the disposition of an interest in a passive activity, section 1211 shall be applied before subparagraph (A) is applied.
"(2) DISPOSITION BY DEATH.--If an interest in the activity is transferred by reason of the death of the taxpayer--
"(A) paragraph (1) shall apply to such losses to the extent such losses are greater than the excess (if any) of--
"(i) the basis of such property in the hands of the transferee, over
"(ii) the adjusted basis of such property immediately before the death of the taxpayer, and
"(B) any losses to the extent of the excess described in subparagraph (A) shall not be allowed as a deduction for any taxable year.
"(3) INSTALLMENT SALE OF ENTIRE INTEREST.--In the case of an installment sale of an entire interest in an activity to which section 453 applies, paragraph (1) shall apply to the portion of such losses for each taxable year which bears the same ratio to all such losses as the gain recognized on such sale during such taxable year bears to the gross profit from such sale realized (or to be realized) when payment is completed.
"(h) MATERIAL PARTICIPATION DEFINED.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--A taxpayer shall be treated as materially participating in an activity only if the taxpayer is involved in the operations of the activity on a basis which is--
"(A) regular,
"(B) continuous, and
"(C) substantial.
"(2) INTERESTS IN LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS.--Except as provided in regulations, no interest in a limited partnership as a limited partner shall be treated as an interest with respect to which a taxpayer materially participates.
"(3) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN RETIRED INDIVIDUALS AND SURVIVING SPOUSES.--A taxpayer shall be treated as materially participating in any farming activity for a taxable year if paragraph (4) or (5) of section 2032A(b) would cause the requirements of section 2032A(b)(1)(C)(ii) to be met with respect to real property used in such activity if such taxpayer had died during the taxable year.
"(4) CERTAIN CLOSELY HELD C CORPORATIONS AND PERSONAL SERVICE CORPORATIONS.--A closely held C corporation or personal service corporation shall be treated as materially participating in an activity if--
"(A) 1 or more shareholders holding stock representing more than 50 percent (by value) of the outstanding stock of such corporation materially participate in such activity, or
"(B) in the case of a closely held C corporation (other than a personal service corporation), the requirements of section 465(c)(7)(C) (without regard to clause (iv)) are met with respect to such activity.
"(5) PARTICIPATION BY SPOUSE.--In determining whether a taxpayer materially participates, the participation of the spouse of the taxpayer shall be taken into account.
"(i) $25,000 OFFSET FOR RENTAL REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any natural person, subsection (a) shall not apply to that portion of the passive activity loss or the deduction equivalent (within the meaning of subsection (j)(5)) of the passive activity credit for any taxable year which is attributable to all rental real estate activities with respect to which such individual actively participated in the taxable year in which such portion of such loss or credit arose.
"(2) DOLLAR LIMITATION.--The aggregate amount to which paragraph (1) applies for any taxable year shall not exceed $25,000.
"(3) PHASE-OUT OF EXEMPTION.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any taxpayer, the $25,000 amount under paragraph (2) shall be reduced (but not below zero) by 50 percent of the amount by which the adjusted gross income of the taxpayer for the taxable year exceeds $100,000.
"(B) SPECIAL PHASE-OUT OF LOW-INCOME HOUSING AND REHABILITATION CREDITS.--In the case of any portion of the passive activity credit for any taxable year which is attributable to any credit to which paragraph (6)(B) applies, subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting '$200,000' for '$100,000'.
"(C) ORDERING RULE TO REFLECT SEPARATE PHASE-OUTS.--If subparagraph (B) applies for any taxable year, paragraph (1) shall be applied--
"(i) first to the passive activity loss,
"(ii) second to the portion of the passive activity credit to which subparagraph (B) does not apply, and
"(iii) then to the portion of such credit to which subparagraph (B) applies.
"(D) ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME.--For purposes of this paragraph, adjusted gross income shall be determined without regard to--
"(i) any amount includible in gross income under section 86,
"(ii) any amount allowable as a deduction under section 219, and
"(iii) any passive activity loss.
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of taxable years of an estate ending less than 2 years after the date of the death of the decedent, this subsection shall apply to all rental real estate activities with respect to which such decedent actively participated before his death.
"(B) REDUCTION FOR SURVIVING SPOUSE'S EXEMPTION.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the $25,000 amount under paragraph (2) shall be reduced by the amount of the exemption under paragraph (1) (without regard to paragraph (3)) allowable to the surviving spouse of the decedent for the taxable year ending with or within the taxable year of the estate.
"(5) MARRIED INDIVIDUALS FILING SEPARATELY.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in the case of any married individual filing a separate return, this subsection shall be applied by substituting--
"(i) $12,500' for $25,000' each place it appears,
"(ii) '$50,000' for '$100,000' in paragraph (3)(A), and
"(iii) '$100,000' for '$200,000' in paragraph (3)(B).
"(B) TAXPAYERS NOT LIVING APART.--This subsection shall not apply to a taxpayer who--
"(i) is a married individual filing a separate return for any taxable year, and
"(ii) does not live apart from his spouse at all times during such taxable year.
"(A) IN GENERAL.--An individual shall not be treated as actively participating with respect to any interest in any rental real estate activity for any period if, at any time during such period, such interest (including any interest of the spouse of the individual) is less than 10 percent (by value) of all interests in such activity.
"(B) NO PARTICIPATION REQUIREMENT FOR LOW-INCOME HOUSING OR REHABILITATION CREDIT.--Paragraphs (1) and (4)(A) shall be applied without regard to the active participation requirement in the case of--
"(i) any credit determined under section 42 for any taxable year, or
"(ii) any rehabilitation investment credit (within the meaning of section 48(o)).
"(C) INTEREST AS A LIMITED PARTNER.--No interest as a limited partner in a limited partnership shall be treated as an interest with respect to which the taxpayer actively participates.
"(D) PARTICIPATION BY SPOUSE.--In determining whether a taxpayer actively participates, the participation of the spouse of the taxpayer shall be taken into account.
"(1) CLOSELY HELD C CORPORATION.--The term 'closely held C corporation' means any C corporation described in section 465(a)(1)(B).
"(2) PERSONAL SERVICE CORPORATION.--The term 'personal service corporation' has the meaning given such term by section 269A(b)(1), except that section 269A(b)(2) shall be applied--
"(A) by substituting 'any' for 'more than 10 percent', and
"(B) by substituting 'any' for '50 percent or more in value' in section 318(a)(2)(C).
A corporation shall not be treated as a personal service corporation unless more than 10 percent of the stock (by value) in such corporation is held by employee-owners (within the meaning of section 269A(b)(2), as modified by the preceding sentence).
"(3) REGULAR TAX LIABILITY.--The term 'regular tax liability' has the meaning given such term by section 26(b).
"(4) ALLOCATION OF PASSIVE ACTIVITY LOSS AND CREDIT.--The passive activity loss and the passive activity credit (and the $25,000 amount under subsection (i)) shall be allocated to activities, and within activities, on a pro rata basis in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe.
"(5) DEDUCTION EQUIVALENT.--The deduction equivalent of credits from a passive activity for any taxable year is the amount which (if allowed as a deduction) would reduce the regular tax liability for such taxable year by an amount equal to such credits.
"(6) SPECIAL RULE FOR GIFTS.--In the case of a disposition of any interest in a passive activity by gift--
"(A) the basis of such interest immediately before the transfer shall be increased by the amount of any passive activity losses allocable to such interest, and
"(B) such losses shall not be allowable as a deduction for any taxable year.
"(7) QUALIFIED RESIDENCE INTEREST.--The passive activity loss of a taxpayer shall be computed without regard to qualified residence interest (within the meaning of section 163(h)(3)).
"(8) RENTAL ACTIVITY.--The term 'rental activity' means any activity where payments are principally for the use of tangible property.
"(9) ELECTION TO INCREASE BASIS OF PROPERTY BY AMOUNT OF DISALLOWED CREDIT.--For purposes of determining gain or loss from a disposition of any property to which subsection (g)(1) applies, the transferor may elect to increase the basis of such property immediately before the transfer by an amount equal to the portion of any unused credit allowable under this chapter which reduced the basis of such property for the taxable year in which such credit arose. If the taxpayer elects the application of this paragraph, such portion of the passive activity credit of such taxpayer shall not be allowed for any taxable year.
"(k) REGULATIONS.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out provisions of this section, including regulations--
"(1) which specify what constitutes an activity, material participation, or active participation for purposes of this section,
"(2) which provide that certain items of gross income will not be taken into account in determining income or loss from any activity (and the treatment of expenses allocable to such income),
"(3) requiring net income or gain from a limited partnership or other passive activity to be treated as not from a passive activity,
"(4) which provide for the determination of the allocation of interest expense for purposes of this section, and
"(5) which deal with changes in marital status and changes between joint returns and separate returns.
"(l) PHASE-IN OF DISALLOWANCE OF LOSSES AND CREDITS FOR INTERESTS HELD BEFORE DATE OF ENACTMENT.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any passive activity loss or credit for any taxable year beginning in calendar years 1987 through 1990 which--
"(A) is attributable to a pre-enactment interest, but
"(B) is not attributable to a carryforward to such taxable year of any loss or credit which was disallowed under this section for a preceding taxable year,
there shall be disallowed under subsection (a) only the applicable percentage of the amount which (but for this subsection) would have been disallowed under subsection (a) for such taxable year.
"(2) APPLICABLE PERCENTAGE.--For purposes of this subsection, the applicable percentage shall be determined in accordance with the following table:
years beginning in: percentage is:
1987 35
1988 60
1989 80
1990 90.
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The portion of the passive activity loss for any taxable year which is attributable to pre-enactment interests shall be equal to the lesser of--
"(i) the passive activity loss for such taxable year, or
"(ii) the passive activity loss for such taxable year determined by taking into account only pre-enactment interests.
For purposes of this subparagraph, the deduction equivalent (within the meaning of subsection (j)(5)) of a passive activity credit shall be taken into account.
"(B) PRE-ENACTMENT INTEREST.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The term 'pre-enactment interest' means any interest in a passive activity held by a taxpayer on the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, and at all times thereafter.
"(ii) BINDING CONTRACT EXCEPTION.--For purposes of clause (i), any interest acquired after such date of enactment pursuant to a written binding contract in effect on such date, and at all times thereafter, shall be treated as held on such date.
"(iii) INTEREST IN ACTIVITIES.--The term 'pre-enactment interest' shall not include an interest in a passive activity unless such activity was being conducted on such date of enactment. The preceding sentence shall not apply to an activity commencing after such date if--
"(I) the property used in such activity is acquired pursuant to a written binding contract in effect on August 16, 1986, and at all times thereafter, or
"(II) construction of property used in such activity began on or before August 16, 1986."
"Sec. 469. Passive activity losses and credits limited."
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR CARRYOVERS.--The amendments made by this section shall not apply to any loss, deduction, or credit carried to a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986, from a taxable year beginning before January 1, 1987.
(3) SPECIAL RULE FOR LOW-INCOME HOUSING.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), section 469(i)(6)(B)(i) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section) shall not apply to any property placed in service after December 31, 1989.
(B) EXCEPTION WHERE AT LEAST 10 PERCENT OF COSTS INCURRED.--In the case of property placed in service after December 31, 1989, and before January 1, 1991, section 469(i)(6)(B)(i) of such Code shall apply to such property if at least 10 percent of the costs of such property were incurred before January 1, 1989.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Any loss sustained by a qualified investor with respect to an interest in a qualified low-income housing project for any taxable year in the relief period shall not be treated as a loss from a passive activity for purposes of section 469 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
(b) RELIEF PERIOD.--For purposes of subsection (a), the term "relief period" means the period beginning with the taxable year in which the investor made his initial investment in the qualified low-income housing project and ending with whichever of the following is the earliest--
(1) the 6th taxable year after the taxable year in which the investor made his initial investment,
(2) the 1st taxable year after the taxable year in which the investor is obligated to make his last investment, or
(3) the taxable year preceding the 1st taxable year for which such project ceased to be a qualified low-income housing project.
(c) QUALIFIED LOW-INCOME HOUSING PROJECT.--For purposes of this section, the term "qualified low-income housing project" means any project if--
(1) such project meets the requirements of clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of section 1250(a)(1)(B) as of the date placed in service and for each taxable year thereafter which begins after 1986 and for which a passive loss may be allowable with respect to such project,
(2) the operator certifies to the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate that such project met the requirements of paragraph (1) on the date of the enactment of this Act (or, if later, when placed in service) and annually thereafter,
(3) such project is constructed or acquired pursuant to a binding written contract entered into on or before August 16, 1986, and
(4) such project is placed in service before January 1, 1989.
(d) QUALIFIED INVESTOR.--For purposes of this section--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The term "qualified investor" means any natural person who holds (directly or through 1 or more entities) an interest in a qualified low-income housing project--
(A) if--
(i) in the case of a project placed in service before August 16, 1986, such person held an interest in such project on August 16, 1986, and the taxpayer made his initial investment after December 31, 1983, or
(ii) in the case of a project not described in subparagraph (A), such investor held an interest in such project on December 31, 1986, and
(B) if such investor is required to make payments after December 31, 1986, of 50 percent or more of the total original obligated investment for such interest.
For purposes of subparagraph (A), a person shall be treated as holding an interest on August 16, 1986, or December 31, 1986, if on such date such person had a binding contract to acquire such interest.
(2) TREATMENT OF ESTATES.--The estate of a decedent shall succeed to the treatment under this section of the decedent but only with respect to the 1st 2 taxable years of such estate ending after the date of the decedent's death.
(d) SPECIAL RULES.--
(1) WHERE MORE THAN 1 BUILDING IN PROJECT.--If there is more than 1 building in any project, the determination of when such project is placed in service shall be based on when the 1st building in such project is placed in service.
(2) ONLY CASH AND OTHER PROPERTY TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--In determining the amount any person invests in (or is obligated to invest in) any interest, only cash and other property shall be taken into account.
(3) COORDINATION WITH CREDIT.--No low-income housing credit shall be determined under section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with respect to any project with respect to which any person has been allowed any benefit under this section.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (3) of section 465(c) (relating to activities to which section applies) is amended by striking out subparagraph (D) and by redesignating subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (D).
(b) QUALIFIED NONRECOURSE FINANCING TREATED AS AN AMOUNT AT RISK.--Section 465(b) (relating to amounts considered at risk) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(6) QUALIFIED NONRECOURSE FINANCING TREATED AS AMOUNT AT RISK.--For purposes of this section--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, in the case of an activity of holding real property, a taxpayer shall be considered at risk with respect to the taxpayer's share of any qualified nonrecourse financing which is secured by real property used in such activity.
"(B) QUALIFIED NONRECOURSE FINANCING.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'qualified nonrecourse financing' means any financing--
"(i) which is borrowed by the taxpayer with respect to the activity of holding real property,
"(ii) which is borrowed by the taxpayer from a qualified person or represents a loan from any Federal, State, or local government or instrumentality thereof, or is guaranteed by any Federal, State, or local government,
"(iii) except to the extent provided in regulations, with respect to which no person is personally liable for repayment, and
"(iv) which is not convertible debt.
"(C) SPECIAL RULE FOR PARTNERSHIPS.--In the case of a partnership, a partner's share of any qualified nonrecourse financing of such partnership shall be determined on the basis of the partner's share of liabilities of such partnership incurred in connection with such financing (within the meaning of section 752).
"(D) QUALIFIED PERSON DEFINED.--For purposes of this paragraph--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified person' has the meaning given such term by section 46(c)(8)(D)(iv).
"(ii) CERTAIN COMMERCIALLY REASONABLE FINANCING FROM RELATED PERSONS.--For purposes of clause (i), section 46(c)(8)(D)(iv) shall be applied without regard to subclause (I) thereof (relating to financing from related persons) if the financing from the related person is commercially reasonable and on substantially the same terms as loans involving unrelated persons.
"(E) ACTIVITY OF HOLDING REAL PROPERTY.--For purposes of this paragraph--
"(i) INCIDENTAL PERSONAL PROPERTY AND SERVICES.--The activity of holding real property includes the holding of personal property and the providing of services which are incidental to making real property available as living accommodations.
"(ii) MINERAL PROPERTY.--The activity of holding real property shall not include the holding of mineral property."
(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in this subsection, the amendments made by this section shall apply to losses incurred after December 31, 1986, with respect to property placed in service by the taxpayer after December 31, 1986.
(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR LOSSES OF S CORPORATION, PARTNERSHIP, OR PASS-THRU ENTITY.--In the case of an interest in an S corporation, a partnership, or other pass-thru entity acquired after December 31, 1986, the amendments made by this section shall apply to losses after December 31, 1986, which are attributable to property placed in service by the S corporation, partnership, or pass-thru entity on, before, or after January 1, 1986.
(3) SPECIAL RULE FOR ATHLETIC STADIUM.--The amendments made by this section shall not apply to any losses incurred by a taxpayer with respect to the holding of a multi-use athletic stadium in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which the taxpayer acquired in a sale for which a letter of understanding was entered into before April 16, 1986.
SEC. 511. LIMITATIONS ON DEDUCTION FOR NONBUSINESS INTEREST.
(a) LIMITATION ON INVESTMENT INTEREST.--Subsection (d) of section 163 (relating to limitation on interest on investment indebtedness) is amended to read as follows:
"(d) LIMITATION ON INVESTMENT INTEREST.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a taxpayer other than a corporation, the amount allowed as a deduction under this chapter for investment interest for any taxable year shall not exceed the net investment income of the taxpayer for the taxable year.
"(2) CARRYFORWARD OF DISALLOWED INTEREST.--The amount not allowed as a deduction for any taxable year by reason of paragraph (1) shall be treated as investment interest paid or accrued by the taxpayer in the succeeding taxable year.
"(3) INVESTMENT INTEREST.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'investment interest' means any interest allowable as a deduction under this chapter (determined without regard to paragraph (1)) which is paid or accrued on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry property held for investment.
"(B) EXCEPTIONS.--The term 'investment interest' shall not include--
"(i) any qualified residence interest (as defined in subsection (h)(3)), or
"(ii) any interest which is taken into account under section 469 in computing income or loss from a passive activity of the taxpayer.
"(C) PERSONAL PROPERTY USED IN SHORT SALE.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'interest' includes any amount allowable as a deduction in connection with personal property used in a short sale.
"(4) NET INVESTMENT INCOME.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'net investment income' means the excess of--
"(i) investment income, over
"(ii) investment expenses.
"(B) INVESTMENT INCOME.--The term 'investment income' means the sum of--
"(i) gross income (other than gain described in clause (ii)) from property held for investment, and
"(ii) any net gain attributable to the disposition of property held for investment,
but only to the extent such amounts are not derived from the conduct of a trade or business.
"(C) INVESTMENT EXPENSES.--The term 'investment expenses' means the deductions allowed under this chapter (other than for interest) which are directly connected with the production of investment income.
"(D) INCOME AND EXPENSES FROM PASSIVE ACTIVITIES.--Investment income and investment expenses shall not include any income or expenses taken into account under section 469 in computing income or loss from a passive activity.
"(E) REDUCTION IN INVESTMENT INCOME DURING PHASE-IN OF PASSIVE LOSS RULES.--Investment income of the taxpayer for any taxable year shall be reduced by the amount of the passive activity loss to which section 469(a) does not apply for such taxable year by reason of section 469(l). The preceding sentence shall not apply to any portion of such passive activity loss which is attributable to a rental real estate activity with respect to which the taxpayer actively participates (within the meaning of section 469(i)(6)) during such taxable year.
"(5) PROPERTY HELD FOR INVESTMENT.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'property held for investment' shall include--
"(i) any property which produces income of a type described in section 469(e)(1), and
"(ii) any interest held by a taxpayer in an activity involving the conduct of a trade or business--
"(I) which is not a passive activity, and
"(II) with respect to which the taxpayer does not materially participate.
"(C) TERMS.--For purposes of this paragraph, the terms 'activity', 'passive activity', and 'materially participate' have the meanings given such terms by section 469.
"(6) PHASE-IN OF DISALLOWANCE.--In the case of any taxable year beginning in calendar years 1987 through 1990--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The amount of interest disallowed under this subsection for any such taxable year shall be equal to the sum of--
"(i) the applicable percentage of the amount which (without regard to this paragraph) is not allowed as a deduction under this subsection for the taxable year to the extent such amount does not exceed the ceiling amount,
"(ii) the amount which (without regard to this paragraph) is not allowed as a deduction under this subsection in excess of the ceiling amount, plus
"(iii) the amount of any carryforward to such taxable year under paragraph (2) with respect to which a deduction was disallowed under this subsection for a preceding taxable year.
For purposes of this subparagraph, the amount under clause (i) or (ii) shall be computed without regard to the amount described in clause (iii).
"(B) APPLICABLE PERCENTAGE.--For purposes of this paragraph, the applicable percentage shall be determined in accordance with the following table:
years beginning in: percentage is:
1987 35
1988 60
1989 80
1990 90.
"(i) $10,000 in the case of a taxpayer not described in clause (ii) or (iii),
"(ii) $5,000 in the case of a married individual filing a separate return, and
"(iii) zero in the case of a trust."
"(h) DISALLOWANCE OF DEDUCTION FOR PERSONAL INTEREST.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a taxpayer other than a corporation, no deduction shall be allowed under this chapter for personal interest paid or accrued during the taxable year.
"(2) PERSONAL INTEREST.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'personal interest' means any interest allowable as a deduction under this chapter other than--
"(A) interest paid or accrued on indebtedness incurred or continued in connection with the conduct of a trade or business (other than the trade or business of performing services as an employee),
"(B) any investment interest (within the meaning of subsection (d)),
"(C) any interest which is taken into account under section 469 in computing income or loss from a passive activity of the taxpayer,
"(D) any qualified residence interest (within the meaning of paragraph (3)), and
"(E) any interest payable under section 6601 on any unpaid portion of the tax imposed by section 2001 for the period during which an extension of time for payment of such tax is in effect under section 6163 or 6166.
"(3) QUALIFIED RESIDENCE INTEREST.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified residence interest' means interest which is paid or accrued during the taxable year on indebtedness which is secured by any property which (at the time such interest is paid or accrued) is a qualified residence of the taxpayer.
"(B) LIMITATION ON AMOUNT OF INTEREST.--The term 'qualified residence interest' shall not include any interest paid or accrued on indebtedness secured by any qualified residence which is allocable to that portion of the principal amount of such indebtedness which, when added to the outstanding aggregate principal amount of all other indebtedness previously incurred and secured by such qualified residence, exceeds the lesser of--
"(i) the fair market value of such qualified residence, or
"(ii) the sum of--
"(I) the taxpayer's basis in such qualified residence (adjusted only by the cost of any improvements to such residence), plus
"(II) the aggregate amount of qualified indebtedness of the taxpayer with respect to such qualified residence.
"(D) TIME FOR DETERMINATION.--Except as provided in regulations, any determination under subparagraph (B) shall be made as of the time the indebtedness is incurred.
"(4) QUALIFIED INDEBTEDNESS.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified indebtedness' means indebtedness secured by a qualified residence of the taxpayer which is incurred after August 16, 1986, to pay for--
"(i) qualified medical expenses, or
"(ii) qualified educational expenses,
which are paid or incurred within a reasonable period of time before or after such indebtedness is incurred.
"(B) QUALIFIED MEDICAL EXPENSES.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'qualified medical expenses' means amounts, not compensated for by insurance or otherwise, incurred for medical care (within the meaning of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 213(d)(1)) for the taxpayer, his spouse, or a dependent.
"(C) QUALIFIED EDUCATIONAL EXPENSES.--For purposes of this paragraph--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified educational expenses' means qualified tuition and related expenses of the taxpayer, his spouse, or a dependent for attendance at an educational institution described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii).
"(ii) QUALIFIED TUITION AND RELATED EXPENSES.--The term 'qualified tuition and related expenses' has the meaning given such term by section 117(b), except that such term shall include any reasonable living expenses while away from home.
"(D) DEPENDENT.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'dependent' has the meaning given such term by section 152.
"(5) OTHER DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES.--
"(A) QUALIFIED RESIDENCE.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified residence' means--
"(I) the principal residence (within the meaning of section 1034) of the taxpayer, and
"(II) 1 other residence of the taxpayer which is selected by the taxpayer for purposes of this subsection for the taxable year and which is used by the taxpayer as a residence (within the meaning of section 280A(d)(1)).
"(ii) MARRIED INDIVIDUALS FILING SEPARATE RETURNS.--If a married couple does not file a joint return for the taxable year--
"(I) such couple shall be treated as 1 taxpayer for purposes of clause (i), and
"(II) each individual shall be entitled to take into account 1 residence unless both individuals consent in writing to 1 individual taking into account the principal residence and 1 other residence.
"(iii) RESIDENCE NOT USED OR RENTED.--For purposes of clause (i)(II), notwithstanding section 280A(d)(1), if the taxpayer does not rent or use a dwelling unit at any time during a taxable year, such unit may be treated as a residence for such taxable year.
"(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR COOPERATIVE HOUSING CORPORATIONS.--For purposes of this paragraph, any indebtedness secured by stock held by the taxpayer as a tenant-stock-holder (as defined in section 216) in a cooperative housing corporation (as so defined) shall be treated as secured by the house or apartment which the taxpayer is entitled to occupy as such a tenant-stockholder. If stock described in the preceding sentence may not be used to secure indebtedness, indebtedness shall be treated as so secured if the taxpayer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such indebtedness was incurred to acquire such stock.
"(6) PHASE-IN OF LIMITATION.--In the case of any taxable year beginning in calendar years 1987 through 1990, the amount of interest with respect to which a deduction is disallowed under this subsection shall be equal to the applicable percentage (within the meaning of subsection (d)(6)(B)) of the amount which (but for this subsection) would have been so disallowed."
(d) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Clause (i) of section 7872(d)(1)(E) is amended by striking out "section 163(d)(3)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 163(d)(4)".
(2)(A) Sections 467(c)(5) and 1255(b)(2) are each amended by striking out "section 163(d),".
(B) Section 703(b) is amended by striking out paragraph (3) and by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively.
(C) Section 1363(c)(2) is amended by striking out subparagraph (A) and by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively.
SEC. 601. CORPORATE RATE REDUCTIONS.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subsection (b) of section 11 is amended to read as follows:
"(b) AMOUNT OF TAX.--The amount of the tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be the sum of--
"(1) 15 percent of so much of the taxable income as does not exceed $50,000,
"(2) 25 percent of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $50,000 but does not exceed $75,000, and
"(3) 34 percent of so much of the taxable income as exceeds $75,000.
In the case of a corporation which has taxable income in excess of $100,000 for any taxable year, the amount of tax determined under the preceding sentence for such taxable year shall be increased by the lesser of (A) 5 percent of such excess, or (B) $11,750."
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years beginning on or after July 1, 1987.
SEC. 611. REDUCTION IN DIVIDENDS RECEIVED DEDUCTION.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--The following provisions are each amended by striking out "85 percent" and inserting in lieu thereof "80 percent":
(1) Section 243(a)(1) (relating to dividends received by corporations).
(2) Sections 244(a)(3) and (b)(2) (relating to dividends received on certain preferred stock).
(3) Section 246(b)(1) (relating to limitation on aggregate amount of deductions).
(4) Section 246A(a)(1) (relating to dividends received deduction reduced where portfolio stock is debt financed).
(5) Subparagraph (B) of section 805(a)(4) (relating to dividends received by insurance company).
(b) EFFECTIVE DATES.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply to dividends received or accrued after December 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date.
(2) AMENDMENT RELATING TO LIMITATION ON DEDUCTIONS.--The amendment made by subsection (a) to section 246(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 116 (relating to partial exclusion of dividends received by individuals) is hereby repealed.
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Subsection (g) of section 301 is amended by striking out paragraph (4).
(2)(A) Subsection (c) of section 584 is amended to read as follows:
"(c) INCOME OF PARTICIPANTS IN FUND.--Each participant in the common trust fund in computing its taxable income shall include, whether or not distributed and whether or not distributable--
"(1) as part of its gains and losses from sales or exchanges of capital assets held for not more than 6 months, its proportionate share of the gains and losses of the common trust fund from sales or exchanges of capital assets held for not more than 6 months,
"(2) as part of its gains and losses from sales or exchanges of capital assets held for more than 6 months, its proportionate share of the gains and losses of the common trust fund from sales or exchanges of capital assets held for more than 6 months, and
"(3) its proportionate share of the ordinary taxable income or the ordinary net loss of the common trust fund, computed as provided in subsection (d)."
(B) If the amendments made by section 1001 of the Tax Reform Act of 1984 cease to apply, effective with respect to property to which such amendments do not apply, subsection (c) of section 584 is amended by striking out "6 months" each place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof "1 year".
(3) Section 642 is amended by striking out subsection (j).
(4) Paragraph (7) of section 643(a) is hereby repealed.
(5) Paragraph (5) of section 702(a) is amended to read as follows:
"(5) dividends with respect to which there is a deduction under part VIII of subchapter B,".
(6) Section 854 is amended--
(A) by striking out "section 116 (relating to an exclusion for dividends received by individuals), and" in subsection (a),
(B) in subsection (b)--
(i) by striking out subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) and redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (B),
(ii) by striking out "or (B)" in subparagraph (B) (as so redesignated),
(iii) by striking out "the exclusion under section 116 and" in paragraph (2), and
(iv) by amending subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) to read as follows:
"(B)(i) The term 'aggregate dividends received' includes only dividends received from domestic corporations.
"(ii) For purposes of clause (i), the term 'dividend' shall not include any distribution from--
"(I) a corporation which, for the taxable year of the corporation in which the distribution is made, or for the next preceding taxable year of the corporation, is a corporation exempt from tax under section 501 (relating to certain charitable, etc., organizations) or section 521 (relating to farmers' cooperative associations), or
"(II) a real estate investment trust which, for the taxable year of the trust in which the dividend is paid, qualifies under part II of subchapter M (section 856 and following).
"(iii) In determining the amount of any dividend for purposes of this subparagraph, a dividend received from a regulated investment company shall be subject to the limitations prescribed in this section."
(8) The table of sections for part III of subchapter B of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 116.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
SEC. 613. NONDEDUCTIBILITY OF STOCK REDEMPTION EXPENSES.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 162 (relating to trade or business expenses) is amended by redesignating subsection (l) as subsection (m) and inserting after subsection (k) the following new subsection:
"(l) STOCK REDEMPTION EXPENSES.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), no deduction otherwise allowable shall be allowed under this chapter for any amount paid or incurred by a corporation in connection with the redemption of its stock.
"(2) EXCEPTIONS.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to--
"(A) CERTAIN SPECIFIC DEDUCTIONS.--Any--
"(i) deduction allowable under section 163 (relating to interest), or
"(ii) deduction for dividends paid (within the meaning of section 561).
"(B) STOCK OF CERTAIN REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES.--Any amount paid or incurred in connection with the redemption of any stock in a regulated investment company which issues only stock which is redeemable upon the demand of the shareholder."
SEC. 614. REDUCTION IN STOCK BASIS FOR NONTAXED PORTION OF EXTRAORDINARY DIVIDENDS.
(a) 2-YEAR HOLDING REQUIREMENT.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 1059(a) (relating to corporate shareholder's basis in stock reduced by nontaxed portion of extraordinary dividends) is amended to read as follows:
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--If any corporation receives any extraordinary dividend with respect to any share of stock and such corporation has not held such stock for more than 2 years before the dividend announcement date--
"(1) REDUCTION IN BASIS.--The basis of such corporation in such stock shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the nontaxed portion of such dividends.
"(2) RECOGNITION UPON SALE OR DISPOSITION IN CERTAIN CASES.--In addition to any gain recognized under this chapter, there shall be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of any stock for the taxable year in which the sale or disposition of such stock occurs an amount equal to the aggregate nontaxed portions of any extraordinary dividends with respect to such stock which did not reduce the basis of such stock by reason of the limitation on reducing basis below zero."
(2) DIVIDEND ANNOUNCEMENT DATE.--Section 1059(d) (relating to special rules) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(6) DIVIDEND ANNOUNCEMENT DATE.--The term 'dividend announcement date' means, with respect to any dividend, the date on which the corporation declares, announces, or agrees to the payment of such dividend, whichever is the earliest."
(3) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Section 1059(d)(3) (relating to determination of holding period) is amended by striking out "1 year" and inserting in lieu thereof "2 years".
(b) EXTRAORDINARY DIVIDEND MAY BE DETERMINED BY REFERENCE TO FAIR MARKET VALUE.--Section 1059(c) (defining extraordinary dividend) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(4) FAIR MARKET VALUE DETERMINATION.--If the taxpayer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary the fair market value of any share of stock as of the day before the ex-dividend date, the taxpayer may elect to apply paragraphs (1) and (3) by substituting such value for the taxpayer's adjusted basis."
(c) TIME FOR REDUCTION IN BASIS.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (1) of section 1059(d) (relating to time for reduction) is amended to read as follows:
"(1) TIME FOR REDUCTION.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), any reduction in basis under subsection (a)(1) shall occur immediately before any sale or disposition of the stock.
"(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR COMPUTING EXTRAORDINARY DIVIDEND.--In determining a taxpayer's adjusted basis for purposes of subsection (c)(1), any reduction in basis under subsection (a)(1) by reason of a prior distribution which was an extraordinary dividend shall be treated as occurring at the beginning of the ex-dividend date for such distribution."
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Section 1059(c)(1) is amended by striking out "(determined without regard to this section)".
(d) NO EXTRAORDINARY DIVIDEND WHERE STOCK HELD DURING ENTIRE EXISTENCE OF CORPORATION.--Section 1059(d) (relating to special rules) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(7) EXCEPTION WHERE STOCK HELD DURING ENTIRE EXISTENCE OF CORPORATION.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to any extraordinary dividend with respect to any share of stock of a corporation if--
"(A) such stock was held by the taxpayer during the entire period such corporation (and any predecessor corporation) was in existence,
"(B) except as provided in regulations, the only earnings and profits of such corporation were earnings and profits accumulated by such corporation (or any predecessor corporation) during such period, and
"(C) the application of this paragraph to such dividend is not inconsistent with the purposes of this section."
"(e) SPECIAL RULES FOR CERTAIN DISTRIBUTIONS.--
"(1) TREATMENT OF PARTIAL LIQUIDATIONS AND NON--PRO RATA REDEMPTIONS.--Except as otherwise provided in regulations, in the case of any redemption of stock which is--
"(A) part of a partial liquidation (within the meaning of section 302(e)) of the redeeming corporation, or
"(B) not pro rata as to all shareholders,
any amount treated as a dividend under section 301 with respect to such redemption shall be treated as an extraordinary dividend for purposes of this section (without regard to the holding period of the stock).
"(2) QUALIFYING DIVIDENDS.--Except as provided in regulations, the term 'extraordinary dividend' shall not include any qualifying dividend (within the meaning of section 243(b)(1)).
"(3) QUALIFIED PREFERRED DIVIDENDS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--A qualified preferred dividend shall be treated as an extraordinary dividend--
"(i) only if the actual rate of return of the taxpayer on the stock with respect to which such dividend was paid exceeds 15 percent, or
"(ii) if clause (i) does not apply, and the taxpayer disposes of such stock before the taxpayer has held such stock for more than 5 years, only to the extent the actual rate of return exceeds the stated rate of return.
"(B) RATE OF RETURN.--For purposes of subparagraph (A)--
"(i) ACTUAL RATE OF RETURN.--The actual rate of return shall be the rate of return for the period for which the taxpayer held the stock, determined--
"(I) by only taking into account dividends during such period, and
"(II) by using the lesser of the adjusted basis of the taxpayer in such stock or the liquidation preference of such stock.
"(ii) STATED RATE OF RETURN.--The stated rate of return shall be the annual rate of the qualified preferred dividend payable with respect to any share of stock (expressed as a percentage of the amount described in subparagraph (B)(i)(II)).
"(C) DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of this paragraph--
"(i) QUALIFIED PREFERRED DIVIDEND.--The term 'qualified preferred dividend' means any dividend payable with respect to any share of stock which--
"(I) provides for fixed preferred dividends payable not less frequently than annually, and
"(II) is not in arrears as to dividends at the time the taxpayer acquires the stock.
"(ii) HOLDING PERIOD.--In determining the holding period for purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), subsection (d)(3) shall be applied by substituting '5 years' for '2 years'."
(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in this subsection, the amendments made by this section shall apply to dividends declared after July 18, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date.
(2) AGGREGATION.--For purposes of section 1059(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, dividends declared after July 18, 1986, shall not be aggregated with dividends declared on or before July 18, 1986.
(3) REDEMPTIONS.--Section 1059(e)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by subsection (e)) shall apply to dividends declared after the date of the enactment of this Act, in taxable years ending after such date.
SEC. 621. LIMITATION ON NET OPERATING LOSS CARRYFORWARDS.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 382 (relating to special limitations on net operating loss carryovers) is amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 382. LIMITATION ON NET OPERATING LOSS CARRYFORWARDS AND CERTAIN BUILT-IN LOSSES FOLLOWING OWNERSHIP CHANGE.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--The amount of the taxable income of any new loss corporation for any post-change year which may be offset by pre-change losses shall not exceed the section 382 limitation for such year.
"(b) SECTION 382 LIMITATION.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, the section 382 limitation for any post-change year is an amount equal to--
"(A) the value of the old loss corporation, multiplied by
"(B) the long-term tax-exempt rate.
"(2) CARRYFORWARD OF UNUSED LIMITATION.--If the section 382 limitation for any post-change year exceeds the taxable income of the new loss corporation for such year which was offset by pre-change losses, the section 382 limitation for the next post-change year shall be increased by the amount of such excess.
"(3) SPECIAL RULE FOR POST-CHANGE YEAR WHICH INCLUDES CHANGE DATE.--In the case of any post-change year which includes the change date--
"(A) LIMITATION DOES NOT APPLY TO TAXABLE INCOME BEFORE CHANGE.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to the portion of the taxable income for such year which is allocable to the period in such year on or before the change date. Except as provided in subsection (h)(5) and in regulations, taxable income shall be allocated ratably to each day in the year.
"(B) LIMITATION FOR PERIOD AFTER CHANGE.--For purposes of applying the limitation of subsection (a) to the remainder of the taxable income for such year, the section 382 limitation shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to such limitation (determined without regard to this paragraph) as--
"(i) the number of days in such year after the change date, bears to
"(ii) the total number of days in such year.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), if the new loss corporation does not continue the business enterprise of the old loss corporation at all times during the 2-year period beginning on the change date, the section 382 limitation for any post-change year shall be zero.
"(2) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN GAINS.--The section 382 limitation for any post-change year shall not be less than the sum of--
"(A) any increase in such limitation under--
"(i) subsection (h)(1)(A) for recognized built-in gains for such year, and
"(ii) subsection (h)(1)(C) for gain recognized by reason of an election under section 338, plus
"(B) any increase in such limitation under subsection (b)(2) for amounts described in subparagraph (A) which are carried forward to such year.
"(1) PRE-CHANGE LOSS.--The term 'pre-change loss' means--
"(A) any net operating loss carryforward of the old loss corporation to the taxable year ending with the ownership change or in which the change date occurs, and
"(B) the net operating loss of the old loss corporation for the taxable year in which the ownership change occurs to the extent such loss is allocable to the period in such year on or before the change date.
Except as provided in subsection (h)(5) and in regulations, the net operating loss shall, for purposes of subparagraph (B), be allocated ratably to each day in the year.
"(2) POST-CHANGE YEAR.--The term 'post-change year' means any taxable year ending after the change date.
"(e) VALUE OF OLD LOSS CORPORATION.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the value of the old loss corporation is the value of the stock of such corporation (including any stock described in section 1504(a)(4)) immediately before the ownership change.
"(2) SPECIAL RULE IN THE CASE OF REDEMPTION.--If a redemption occurs in connection with an ownership change, the value under paragraph (1) shall be determined after taking such redemption into account.
"(f) LONG-TERM TAX-EXEMPT RATE.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The long-term tax-exempt rate shall be the highest of the adjusted Federal long-term rates in effect for any month in the 3-calendar-month period ending with the calendar month in which the change date occurs.
"(2) ADJUSTED FEDERAL LONG-TERM RATE.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'adjusted Federal long-term rate' means the Federal long-term rate determined under section 1274(d), except that--
"(A) paragraphs (2) and (3) thereof shall not apply, and
"(B) such rate shall be properly adjusted for differences between rates on long-term taxable and tax-exempt obligations.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--There is an ownership change if, immediately after any owner shift involving a 5-percent shareholder or any equity structure shift--
"(A) the percentage of the stock of the new loss corporation owned by 1 or more 5-percent shareholders has increased by more than 50 percentage points, over
"(B) the lowest percentage of stock of the old loss corporation (or any predecessor corporation) owned by such shareholders at any time during the testing period.
"(2) OWNER SHIFT INVOLVING 5-PERCENT SHAREHOLDER.--There is an owner shift involving a 5-percent shareholder if--
"(A) there is any change in the respective ownership of stock of a corporation, and
"(B) such change affects the percentage of stock of such corporation owned by any person who is a 5-percent shareholder before or after such change.
"(3) EQUITY STRUCTURE SHIFT DEFINED.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'equity structure shift' means any reorganization (within the meaning of section 368). Such term shall not include--
"(i) any reorganization described in subparagraph (D) or (G) of section 368(a)(1) unless the requirements of section 354(b)(1) are met, and
"(ii) any reorganization described in subparagraph (F) of section 368(a)(1).
"(B) TAXABLE REORGANIZATION-TYPE TRANSACTIONS, ETC.--To the extent provided in regulations, the term 'equity structure shift' includes taxable reorganization-type transactions, public offerings, and similar transactions.
"(4) SPECIAL RULES FOR APPLICATION OF SUBSECTION.--
"(A) TREATMENT OF LESS THAN 5-PERCENT SHAREHOLDERS.--Except as provided in subparagraphs (B)(i) and (C), in determining whether an ownership change has occurred, all stock owned by shareholders of a corporation who are not 5-percent shareholders of such corporation shall be treated as stock owned by 1 5-percent shareholder of such corporation.
"(B) COORDINATION WITH EQUITY STRUCTURE SHIFTS.--For purposes of determining whether an equity structure shift (or subsequent transaction) is an ownership change--
"(i) LESS THAN 5-PERCENT SHAREHOLDERS.--Subparagraph (A) shall be applied separately with respect to each group of shareholders (immediately before such equity structure shift) of each corporation which was a party to the reorganization involved in such equity structure shift.
"(ii) ACQUISITIONS OF STOCK.--Unless a different proportion is established, acquisitions of stock after such equity structure shift shall be treated as being made proportionately from all shareholders immediately before such acquisition.
"(C) COORDINATION WITH OTHER OWNER SHIFTS.--Except as provided in regulations, the rules of subparagraph (B) shall apply in determining whether there has been an owner shift involving a 5-percent shareholder and whether such shift (or subsequent transaction) results in an ownership change.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--
"(A) NET UNREALIZED BUILT-IN GAIN.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--If the old loss corporation has a net unrealized built-in gain, the section 382 limitation for any recognition period taxable year shall be increased by the recognized built-in gains for such taxable year.
"(ii) LIMITATION.--The increase under clause (i) for any recognition period taxable year shall not exceed--
"(I) the net unrealized built-in gain, reduced by
"(II) recognized built-in gains for prior years ending in the recognition period.
"(i) IN GENERAL.--If the old loss corporation has a net unrealized built-in loss, the recognized built-in loss for any recognition period taxable year shall be subject to limitation under this section in the same manner as if such loss were a pre-change loss.
"(ii) LIMITATION.--Clause (i) shall apply to recognized built-in losses for any recognition period taxable year only to the extent such losses do not exceed--
"(I) the net unrealized built-in loss, reduced by
"(II) recognized built-in losses for prior taxable years ending in the recognition period.
"(i) the amount of such gain, over
"(ii) the portion of such gain taken into account in computing recognized built-in gains for such taxable year.
"(A) RECOGNIZED BUILT-IN GAIN.--The term 'recognized built-in gain' means any gain recognized during the recognition period on the disposition of any asset to the extent the new loss corporation establishes that--
"(i) such asset was held by the old loss corporation immediately before the change date, and
"(ii) such gain does not exceed the excess of--
"(I) the fair market value of such asset on the change date, over
"(II) the adjusted basis of such asset on such date.
"(i) such asset was not held by the old loss corporation immediately before the change date, or
"(ii) such loss exceeds the excess of--
"(I) the adjusted basis of such asset on the change date, over
"(II) the fair market value of such asset on such date.
"(A) NET UNREALIZED BUILT-IN GAIN AND LOSS.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The terms 'net unrealized built-in gain' and 'net unrealized built-in loss' mean, with respect to any old loss corporation, the amount by which--
"(I) the fair market value of the assets of such corporation immediately before an ownership change is more or less, respectively, than
"(II) the aggregate adjusted basis of such assets at such time.
"(ii) SPECIAL RULE FOR REDEMPTIONS.--If a redemption occurs in connection with an ownership change, determination under clause (i) shall be made after taking such redemption into account.
"(B) THRESHOLD REQUIREMENT.--
"(i) If the amount of the net unrealized built-in gain or net unrealized built-in loss (determined without regard to this subparagraph) of any old loss corporation is not greater than 25 percent of the amount determined for purposes of subparagraph (A)(i)(I), the net unrealized built-in gain or net unrealized built-in loss shall be zero.
"(ii) CASH AND CASH ITEMS NOT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--In computing any net unrealized built-in gain or net unrealized built-in loss under clause (i), there shall not be taken into account--
"(I) any cash or cash item, or
"(II) any marketable security which has a value which does not substantially differ from adjusted basis.
"(A) shall be carried forward to subsequent taxable years under rules similar to the rules for the carrying forward of net operating losses, but
"(B) shall be subject to limitation under this section in the same manner as a pre-change loss.
"(5) SPECIAL RULES FOR POST-CHANGE YEAR WHICH INCLUDES CHANGE DATE.--For purposes of subsection (b)(3)--
"(A) in applying subparagraph (A) thereof, taxable income shall be computed without regard to recognized built-in gains and losses, and gain described in paragraph (1)(C), for the year, and
"(B) in applying subparagraph (B) thereof, the section 382 limitation shall be computed without regard to recognized built-in gains, and gain described in paragraph (1)(C), for the year.
"(6) SECRETARY MAY TREAT CERTAIN DEDUCTIONS AS BUILT-IN LOSSES.--The Secretary may by regulation treat amounts which accrue on or before the change date but which are allowable as a deduction after such date as recognized built-in losses.
"(7) RECOGNITION PERIOD, ETC.--
"(A) RECOGNITION PERIOD.--The term 'recognition period' means, with respect to any ownership change, the 5-year period beginning on the change date.
"(B) RECOGNITION PERIOD TAXABLE YEAR.--The term 'recognition period taxable year' means any taxable year any portion of which is in the recognition period.
"(8) DETERMINATION OF FAIR MARKET VALUE IN CERTAIN CASES.--If 80 percent or more in value of the stock of a corporation is acquired in 1 transaction (or in a series of related transactions during any 12-month period), for purposes of determining the net unrealized built-in loss, the fair market value of the assets of such corporation shall not exceed the grossed up amount paid for such stock properly adjusted for indebtedness of the corporation and other relevant items.
"(9) TAX-FREE EXCHANGES OR TRANSFERS.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subsection where property held on the change date is transferred in a transaction where gain or loss is not recognized (in whole or in part).
"(i) TESTING PERIOD.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) 3-YEAR PERIOD.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, the testing period is the 3-year period ending on the day of any owner shift involving a 5-percent shareholder or equity structure shift.
"(2) SHORTER PERIOD WHERE THERE HAS BEEN RECENT OWNERSHIP CHANGE.--If there has been an ownership change under this section, the testing period for determining whether a 2nd ownership change has occurred shall not begin before the 1st day following the change date for such earlier ownership change.
"(3) SHORTER PERIOD WHERE ALL LOSSES ARISE AFTER 3-YEAR PERIOD BEGINS.--The testing period shall not begin before the 1st day of the 1st taxable year from which there is a carryforward of a loss or of an excess credit to the 1st post-change year. Except as provided in regulations, this paragraph shall not apply to any loss corporation which has a net unrealized built-in loss (determined after application of subsection (h)(3)(B)).
"(j) CHANGE DATE.--For purposes of this section, the change date is--
"(1) in the case where the last component of an ownership change is an owner shift involving a 5-percent shareholder, the date on which such shift occurs, and
"(2) in the case where the last component of an ownership change is an equity structure shift, the date of the reorganization.
"(k) DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) LOSS CORPORATION.--The term 'loss corporation' means a corporation entitled to use a net operating loss carryover. Except to the extent provided in regulations, such term includes any corporation with a net unrealized built-in loss.
"(2) OLD LOSS CORPORATION.--The term 'old loss corporation' means any corporation with respect to which there is an ownership change--
"(A) which (before the ownership change) was a loss corporation, or
"(B) with respect to which there is a pre-change loss described in subsection (d)(1)(B).
"(3) NEW LOSS CORPORATION.--The term 'new loss corporation' means a corporation which (after an ownership change) is a loss corporation. Nothing in this section shall be treated as implying that the same corporation may not be both the old loss corporation and the new loss corporation.
"(4) TAXABLE INCOME.--Taxable income shall be computed with the modifications set forth in section 172(d).
"(5) VALUE.--The term 'value' means fair market value.
"(6) RULES RELATING TO STOCK.--
"(A) PREFERRED STOCK.--Except as provided in regulations and subsection (e), the term 'stock' means stock other than stock described in section 1504(a)(4).
"(B) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN RIGHTS, ETC.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary--
"(i) to treat warrants, options, contracts to acquire stock, convertible debt interests, and other similar interests as stock, and
"(ii) to treat stock as not stock.
"(C) DETERMINATIONS ON BASIS OF VALUE.--Determinations of the percentage of stock of any corporation held by any person shall be made on the basis of value.
"(7) 5-PERCENT SHAREHOLDER.--The term '5-percent shareholder' means any person holding 5 percent or more of the stock of the corporation at any time during the testing period.
"(l) CERTAIN ADDITIONAL OPERATING RULES.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) CERTAIN CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS NOT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Any capital contribution received by an old loss corporation as part of a plan a principal purpose of which is to avoid or increase any limitation under this section shall not be taken into account for purposes of this section.
"(B) CERTAIN CONTRIBUTIONS TREATED AS PART OF PLAN.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), any capital contribution made during the 2-year period ending on the change date shall, except as provided in regulations, be treated as part of a plan described in subparagraph (A).
"(2) ORDERING RULES FOR APPLICATION OF SECTION.--
"(A) COORDINATION WITH SECTION 172(b) CARRYOVER RULES.--In the case of any pre-change loss for any taxable year (hereinafter in this subparagraph referred to as the 'loss year') subject to limitation under this section, for purposes of determining under the 2nd sentence of section 172(b)(2) the amount of such loss which may be carried to any taxable year, taxable income for any taxable year shall be treated as not greater than--
"(i) the section 382 limitation for such taxable year, reduced by
"(ii) the unused pre-change losses for taxable years preceding the loss year.
Similar rules shall apply in the case of any credit or loss subject to limitation under section 383.
"(B) ORDERING RULE FOR LOSSES CARRIED FROM SAME TAXABLE YEAR.--In any case in which--
"(i) a pre-change loss of a loss corporation for any taxable year is subject to a section 382 limitation, and
"(ii) a net operating loss of such corporation from such taxable year is not subject to such limitation,
taxable income shall be treated as having been offset first by the loss subject to such limitation.
"(3) OPERATING RULES RELATING TO OWNERSHIP OF STOCK.--
"(A) CONSTRUCTIVE OWNERSHIP.--Section 318 (relating to constructive ownership of stock) shall apply in determining ownership of stock, except that--
"(i) paragraphs (1) and (5)(B) of section 318(a) shall not apply and an individual and all members of his family described in paragraph (1) of section 318(a) shall be treated as 1 individual for purposes of applying this section,
"(ii) paragraph (2) of section 318(a) shall be applied--
"(I) without regard to the 50-percent limitation contained in subparagraph (C) thereof, and
"(II) except as provided in regulations, by treating stock attributed thereunder as no longer being held by the entity from which attributed,
"(iii) paragraph (3) of section 318(a) shall be applied only to the extent provided in regulations, and
"(iv) except to the extent provided in regulations, paragraph (4) of section 318(a) shall apply to an option if such application results in an ownership change.
A rule similar to the rule of clause (iv) shall apply in the case of any contingent purchase, warrant, convertible debt, put, stock subject to a risk of forfeiture, contract to acquire stock, or similar interests.
"(B) STOCK ACQUIRED BY REASON OF DEATH, GIFT, DIVORCE, SEPARATION, ETC.--If--
"(i) the basis of any stock in the hands of any person is determined--
"(I) under section 1014 (relating to property acquired from a decedent),
"(II) section 1015 (relating to property acquired by a gift or transfer in trust), or
"(III) section 1041(b)(2) (relating to transfers of property between spouses or incident to divorce,
"(ii) stock is received by any person in satisfaction of a right to receive a pecuniary bequest, or
"(iii) stock is acquired by a person pursuant to any divorce or separation instrument (within the meaning of section 71(b)(2)),
such person shall be treated as owning such stock during the period such stock was owned by the person from whom it was acquired.
"(C) SPECIAL RULE FOR EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLANS.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in clause (ii), the acquisition of employer securities (within the meaning of section 409(l)) by--
"(I) a tax credit employee stock ownership plan or an employee stock ownership plan (within the meaning of section 4975(e)(7)), or
"(II) a participant of any such plan pursuant to the requirements of section 409(h),
shall not be taken into account in determining whether an ownership change has occurred.
"(ii) OWNERSHIP AND ALLOCATION REQUIREMENTS.--Subclause (I) of clause (i) shall not apply to any acquisition unless--
"(I) immediately after such acquisition the plan holds stock meeting the requirements of section 1042(b)(2), except that such section shall be applied by substituting '50 percent' for '30 percent', and
"(II) the plan meets requirements similar to the requirements of section 409(n).
"(4) REDUCTION IN VALUE WHERE SUBSTANTIAL NONBUSINESS ASSETS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If, immediately after an ownership change, the new loss corporation has substantial nonbusiness assets, the value of the old loss corporation shall be reduced by the excess (if any) of--
"(i) the fair market value of the nonbusiness assets of the old loss corporation, over
"(ii) the nonbusiness asset share of indebtedness for which such corporation is liable.
"(B) CORPORATION HAVING SUBSTANTIAL NONBUSINESS ASSETS.--For purposes of subparagraph (A)--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The old loss corporation shall be treated as having substantial nonbusiness assets if at least 1/3 of the value of the total assets of such corporation consists of nonbusiness assets.
"(ii) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN INVESTMENT ENTITIES.--A regulated investment company to which part I of subchapter M applies, a real estate investment trust to which part II of subchapter M applies, or a real estate mortgage pool to which part IV of subchapter M applies, shall not be treated as a new loss corporation having substantial nonbusiness assets.
"(C) NONBUSINESS ASSETS.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'nonbusiness assets' means assets held for investment.
"(D) NONBUSINESS ASSET SHARE.--For purposes of this paragraph, the nonbusiness asset share of the indebtedness of the corporation is an amount which bears the same ratio to such indebtedness as--
"(i) the fair market value of the nonbusiness assets of the corporation, bears to
"(ii) the fair market value of all assets of such corporation.
"(E) TREATMENT OF SUBSIDIARIES.--For purposes of this paragraph, stock and securities in any subsidiary corporation shall be disregarded and the parent corporation shall be deemed to own its ratable share of the subsidiary's assets. For purposes of the preceding sentence, a corporation shall be treated as a subsidiary if the parent owns 50 percent or more of the combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote, and 50 percent or more of the total value of shares of all classes of stock.
"(5) TITLE 11 OR SIMILAR CASE.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to any ownership change if--
"(i) the old loss corporation is (immediately before such ownership change) under the jurisdiction of the court in a title 11 or similar case, and
"(ii) the shareholders and creditors of the old loss corporation (determined immediately before such ownership change) own (immediately after such ownership change) stock of the new loss corporation (or stock of controlling corporation if also in bankruptcy) which meets the requirements of section 1504(a)(2) (determined by substituting '50 percent' for '80 percent' each place it appears).
"(B) REDUCTION FOR INTEREST PAYMENTS TO CREDITORS BECOMING SHAREHOLDERS.--In any case to which subparagraph (A) applies, the net operating loss deduction under section 172(a) for any post-change year shall be determined as if no deduction was allowable under this chapter for the interest paid or accrued by the old loss corporation on indebtedness which was converted into stock pursuant to title 11 or similar case during--
"(i) any taxable year ending during the 3-year period preceding the taxable year in which the ownership change occurs, and
"(ii) the period of the taxable year in which the ownership change occurs on or before the change date.
"(C) REDUCTION OF CARRYFORWARDS WHERE DISCHARGE OF INDEBTEDNESS.--In any case to which subparagraph (A) applies, the pre-change losses and excess credits (within the meaning of section 383(a)(2)) which may be carried to a post-change year shall be computed as if 50 percent of the amount which, but for the application of section 108(e)(10)(B), would have been includible in gross income for any taxable year had been so included.
"(D) SECTION 382 LIMITATION ZERO IF ANOTHER CHANGE WITHIN 2 YEARS.--If, during the 2-year period immediately following an ownership change to which this paragraph applies, an ownership change of the new loss corporation occurs, this paragraph shall not apply and the section 382 limitation with respect to the 2nd ownership change for any post-change year ending after the change date of the 2nd ownership change shall be zero.
"(E) ONLY CERTAIN STOCK OF CREDITORS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--For purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), stock transferred to a creditor in satisfaction of indebtedness shall be taken into account only if such indebtedness--
"(i) was held by the creditor at least 18 months before the date of the filing of the title 11 or similar case, or
"(ii) arose in the ordinary course of the trade or business of the old loss corporation and is held by the person who at all times held the beneficial interest in such indebtedness.
"(F) SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any ownership change to which this subparagraph applies, this paragraph shall be applied--
"(I) by substituting '20 percent' for '50 percent' in subparagraph (A)(ii), and
"(II) without regard to subparagraphs (B) and (C).
"(ii) SPECIAL RULE FOR DEPOSITORS.--For purposes of applying this paragraph to an ownership change to which this subparagraph applies--
"(I) a depositor in the old loss corporation shall be treated as a stockholder in such loss corporation immediately before the change,
"(II) deposits which, after the change, become deposits of the new loss corporation shall be treated as stock of the new loss corporation, and
"(III) the fair market value of the outstanding stock of the new loss corporation shall include deposits described in subclause (II).
"(iii) CHANGES TO WHICH SUBPARAGRAPH APPLIES.--This subparagraph shall apply to--
"(I) an equity structure shift which is a reorganization described in section 368(a)(3)(D)(ii), or
"(II) any other equity structure shift (or transaction to which section 351 applies) which occurs as an integral part of a transaction involving a change to which subclause (I) applies.
"(G) TITLE 11 OR SIMILAR CASE.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'title 11 or similar case' has the meaning given such term by section 368(a)(3)(A).
"(H) ELECTION NOT TO HAVE PARAGRAPH APPLY.--A new loss corporation may elect, subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, not to have the provisions of this paragraph apply.
"(6) SPECIAL RULE FOR INSOLVENCY TRANSACTIONS.--If paragraph (5) does not apply to any reorganization described in subparagraph (G) of section 368(a)(1) or any exchange of debt for stock in a title 11 or similar case (as defined in section 368(a)(3)(A)), the value under subsection (e) shall be the value of the new loss corporation immediately after the ownership change.
"(7) COORDINATION WITH ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX.--The Secretary shall by regulation provide for the application of this section to the alternative tax net operating loss deduction under section 56(d).
"(m) REGULATIONS.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section and section 383, including (but not limited to) regulations--
"(1) providing for the application of this section and section 383 where an ownership change with respect to the old loss corporation is followed by an ownership change with respect to the new loss corporation, and
"(2) providing for the application of this section and section 383 in the case of a short taxable year,
"(3) providing for such adjustments to the application of this section and section 383 as is necessary to prevent the avoidance of the purposes of this section and section 383, including the avoidance of such purposes through the use of related persons, pass-thru entities, or other intermediaries,
"(4) providing for the treatment of corporate contractions as redemptions for purposes of subsections (e)(2) and (h)(3)(A), and
"(5) providing for the application of subsection (g)(4) where there is only 1 corporation involved."
(b) AMENDMENT OF SECTION 383.--Section 383 (relating to special limitations on unused investment credits, etc.) is amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 383. SPECIAL LIMITATIONS ON CERTAIN EXCESS CREDITS. ETC.
"(a) EXCESS CREDITS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Under regulations, if an ownership change occurs with respect to a corporation, the amount of any excess credit for any taxable year which may be used in any post-change year shall be limited to an amount determined on the basis of the tax liability which is attributable to so much of the taxable income as does not exceed the section 382 limitation for such post-change year to the extent available after the application of section 382 and subsections (b) and (c) of this section
"(2) EXCESS CREDIT.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'excess credit' means--
"(A) any unused general business credit of the corporation under section 39, and
"(B) any unused minimum tax credit of the corporation under section 53.
"(c) FOREIGN TAX CREDITS.--If an ownership change occurs with respect to a corporation, the amount of any excess foreign taxes under section 904(c) for any taxable year before the 1st post-change taxable year shall be limited under regulations which shall be consistent with purposes of this section and section 382.
"(d) PRO RATION RULES FOR YEAR WHICH INCLUDES CHANGE.--For purposes of this section, rules similar to the rules of subsections (b)(3) and (d)(1)(B) of section 382 shall apply.
"(e) DEFINITIONS.--Terms used in this section shall have the same respective meanings as when used in section 382, except that appropriate adjustments shall be made to take into account that the limitations of this section apply to credits and net capital losses."
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Paragraph (5) of section 318(b) is amended by striking out "section 382(a)(3)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 382(l)(3)".
(2) The table of sections for part V of subchapter C of chapter 1 is amended--
(A) by striking out the item relating to section 382 and inserting in lieu thereof the following new item:
(B) by striking out the item relating to section 383 and inserting in lieu thereof the following new item:
(d) REPORT ON DEPRECIATION AND BUILT-IN DEDUCTIONS; REPORT ON BANKRUPTCY WORKOUTS.--The Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate--
(1) shall, not later than January 1, 1989, conduct a study and report to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate with respect to the treatment of depreciation, amortization, depletion, and other built-in deductions for purposes of sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by this section), and
(2) shall, not later than January 1, 1988, conduct a study and report to the committees referred to in paragraph (1) with respect to the treatment of informal bankruptcy workouts for purposes of sections 108 and 382 of such Code.
(e) REPEAL OF CHANGES MADE BY TAX REFORM ACT OF 1976.--
(1) Subsections (e) and (f) of section 806 of the Tax Reform Act of 1976 (including the amendment treated as part of such subsections under section 59(b) of the Tax Reform Act of 1984) are hereby repealed.
(2) Subsection (g) of such section 806 is amended by striking out paragraphs (2) and (3).
(f) EFFECTIVE DATES.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall apply to any ownership change following--
(A) an owner shift involving a 5-percent shareholder occurring after December 31, 1986, or
(B) an equity structure shift occurring pursuant to a plan of reorganization adopted after December 31, 1986.
(2) FOR AMENDMENTS TO TAX REFORM ACT OF 1976.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--The repeals made by subsection (e)(1) and the amendment made by subsection (e)(2) shall take effect on January 1, 1986.
(B) ELECTION TO HAVE AMENDMENTS APPLY.--
(i) If a taxpayer described in clause (ii) elects to have the provisions of this subparagraph apply, the amendments made by subsections (e) and (f) of section 806 of the Tax Reform Act of 1976 shall apply to the reorganization described in clause (ii).
(ii) A taxpayer is described in this clause if the taxpayer filed a title 11 or similar case on December 8, 1981, filed a plan of reorganization on February 5, 1986, filed an amended plan on March 14, 1986, and received court approval for the amended plan and disclosure statement on April 16, 1986.
(C) APPLICATION OF OLD RULES TO CERTAIN DEBT.--In the case of debt of a corporation incorporated in Colorado on November 8, 1924, with headquarters in Denver, Colorado--
(i) the amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall not apply to any debt restructuring of such debt which was approved by the debtor's Board of Directors and the lenders in 1986, and
(ii) the amendments made by subsections (e) and (f) of section 806 of the Tax Reform Act of 1976 (including the amendment treated as part of such subsections under section 59(b) of the Tax Reform Act of 1984) shall apply to such debt restructuring.
(D) SPECIAL RULE FOR OIL AND GAS WELL DRILLING BUSINESS.--In the case of a Texas corporation incorporated on July 23, 1935, in applying section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as in effect before and after the amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c)) to a loan restructuring agreement during 1985, section 382(a)(5)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (as added by the amendments made by subsections (e) and (f) of section 806 of the Tax Reform Act of 1976) shall be applied as if it were in effect with respect to such restructuring or reorganization.
(3) TESTING PERIOD.--For purposes of determining whether there is an ownership change after December 31, 1986, the testing period shall not begin before the later of--
(A) May 6, 1986, or
(B) in the case of an ownership change which occurs after May 5, 1986, and to which the amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) do not apply, the first day following the date on which such ownership change occurs.
(4) SPECIAL TRANSITION RULES.--The amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall not apply to any--
(A) stock-for-debt exchanges and stock sales made pursuant to a plan of reorganization with respect to a petition for reorganization filed by a corporation under chapter 11 of title 11, United States Code, on August 26, 1982, and which filed with a United States district court a first amended and related plan of reorganization before March 1, 1986, or
(B) ownership change of a Delaware corporation incorporated in August 1983, which may result from the exercise of put or call option under an agreement entered into on September 14, 1983, but only with respect to taxable years beginning after 1991 regardless of when such ownership change takes place.
Any regulations prescribed under section 382(g)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by subsection (a)) shall not apply with respect to domestic building and loan transactions for any period before January 1, 1989.
(5) BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS.--In the case of a reorganization described in subparagraph (G) of section 368(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or an exchange of debt for stock in a title 11 or similar case, as defined in section 368(a)(3) of such Code, the amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall not apply to any ownership change resulting from such a reorganization or proceeding if a petition in such case was filed with the court before August 14, 1986.
(6) CERTAIN PLANS.--The amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall not apply to any ownership change with respect to--
(A) the acquisition of a corporation the stock of which is acquired pursuant to a plan of divestiture which identified such corporation and its assets, and was agreed to by the board of directors of such corporation's parent corporation on May 17, 1985,
(B) a merger which occurs pursuant to a merger agreement (entered into before September 24, 1985) and an application for approval by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board was filed on October 4, 1985,
(C) a reorganization involving a party to a reorganization of a group of corporations engaged in enhanced oil recovery operations in California, merged in furtherance of a plan of reorganization adopted by a board of directors vote on September 24, 1985, and a Delaware corporation whose principal oil and gas producing fields are located in California, or
(D) the conversion of a mutual savings and loan association holding a Federal charter dated March 22, 1985, to a stock savings and loan association pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board.
(7) OWNERSHIP CHANGE OF REGULATED AIR CARRIER.--The amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall not apply to an ownership change of a regulated air carrier if--
(A) on July 16, 1986, at least 40 percent of the outstanding common stock (excluding all preferred stock, whether or not convertible) of such carrier had been acquired by the parent corporation referred to in section 203(d)(13)(B), and
(B) the acquisition (by or for such parent corporation) or retirement of the remaining common stock of such carrier is completed before the later of March 31, 1987, or 90 days after the requisite governmental approvals are finally granted,
but only if the ownership change occurs on or before the later of March 31, 1987, or such 90th day. The aggregate reduction in tax for any taxable year by reason of this paragraph shall not exceed $10,000,000. The testing period for determining whether a subsequent ownership change has occurred shall not begin before the 1st day following an ownership change to which this paragraph applies.
(8) The amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall not apply to any ownership change resulting from the conversion of a Minnesota mutual savings bank holding a Federal charter dated December 31, 1985, to a stock savings bank pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, and from the issuance of stock pursuant to that conversion to a holding company incorporated in Delaware on February 21, 1984. For purposes of determining whether any ownership change occurs with respect to the holding company or any subsidiary thereof (whether resulting from the transaction described in the preceding sentence or otherwise), any issuance of stock made by such holding company in connection with the transaction described in the preceding sentence shall not be taken into account.
(9) DEFINITIONS.--Except as otherwise provided, terms used in this subsection shall have the same meaning as when used in section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by this section).
SEC. 631. RECOGNITION OF GAIN AND LOSS ON DISTRIBUTIONS OF PROPERTY IN LIQUIDATION.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subpart B of part II of subchapter C (relating to effects on corporation) is amended by striking out sections 336 and 337 and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
"SEC. 336. GAIN OR LOSS RECOGNIZED ON PROPERTY DISTRIBUTED IN COMPLETE LIQUIDATION.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--Except as otherwise provided in this section or section 337, gain or loss shall be recognized to a liquidating corporation on the distribution of property in complete liquidation as if such property were sold to the distributee at its fair market value.
"(b) TREATMENT OF LIABILITIES IN EXCESS OF BASIS.--If any property distributed in the liquidation is subject to a liability or the shareholder assumes a liability of the liquidating corporation in connection with the distribution, for purposes of subsection (a) and section 337. the fair market value of such property shall be treated as not less than the amount of such liability.
"(c) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN LIQUIDATIONS TO WHICH PART III APPLIES.--This section shall not apply with respect to any distribution of property to the extent there is nonrecognition of gain or loss with respect to such property to the recipient under part III.
"(d) LIMITATIONS ON RECOGNITION OF LOSS.--
"(1) NO LOSS RECOGNIZED IN CERTAIN DISTRIBUTIONS TO RELATED PERSONS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--No loss shall be recognized to a liquidating corporation on the distribution of any property to a related person (within the meaning of section 267) if--
"(i) such distribution is not pro rata, or
"(ii) such property is disqualified property.
"(B) DISQUALIFIED PROPERTY.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'disqualified property means any property which is acquired by the liquidating corporation in a transaction to which section 351 applied, or as a contribution to capital, during the 5-year period ending on the date of the distribution. Such term includes any property if the adjusted basis of such property is determined (in whole or in part) by reference to the adjusted basis of property described in the preceding sentence.
"(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN PROPERTY ACQUIRED IN CERTAIN CARRYOVER BASIS TRANSACTIONS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of determining the amount of loss recognized by any liquidating corporation on any sale, exchange, or distribution of property described in subparagraph (B), the adjusted basis of such property shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the excess (if any) of--
"(i) the adjusted basis of such property immediately after its acquisition by such corporation, over
"(ii) the fair market value of such property as of such time.
"(B) DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), property is described in this subparagraph if--
"(I) such property is acquired by the liquidating corporation in a transaction to which section 351 applied or as a contribution to capital, and
"(II) the acquisition of such property by the liquidating corporation was part of a plan a principal purpose of which was to recognize loss by the liquidating corporation with respect to such property in connection with the liquidation.
Other property shall be treated as so described if the adjusted basis of such other property is determined (in whole or in part) by reference to the adjusted basis of property described in the preceding sentence.
"(ii) CERTAIN ACQUISITIONS TREATED AS PART OF PLAN.--For purposes of clause (i), any property described in clause (i)(I) acquired by the liquidating corporation during the 2-year period ending on the date of the adoption of the plan of complete liquidation shall, except as provided in regulations, be treated as part of a plan described in clause (i)(II).
"(C) RECAPTURE IN LIEU OF DISALLOWANCE.--The Secretary may prescribe regulations under which, in lieu of disallowing a loss under subparagraph (A) for a prior taxable year, the gross income of the liquidating corporation for the taxable year in which the plan of complete liquidation is adopted shall be increased by the amount of the disallowed loss.
"(3) SPECIAL RULE IN CASE OF LIQUIDATION TO WHICH SECTION 332 APPLIES.--In the case of any liquidation to which section 332 applies, no loss shall be recognized to the liquidating corporation on any distribution in such liquidation.
"(e) CERTAIN STOCK SALES AND DISTRIBUTIONS MAY BE TREATED AS ASSET TRANSFERS.--Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, if--
"(1) a corporation owns stock in another corporation meeting the requirements of section 1504(a)(2), and
"(2) such corporation sells, exchanges, or distributes all of such stock,
such corporation may elect to treat such sale, exchange, or distribution as a disposition of all of the assets of such other corporation, and no gain or loss shall be recognized on the sale, exchange, or distribution of such stock.
"SEC. 337. NONRECOGNITION FOR PROPERTY DISTRIBUTED TO PARENT IN COMPLETE LIQUIDATION OF SUBSIDIARY.
"(a) IN GENERAL.--No gain or loss shall be recognized to the liquidating corporation on the distribution to the 80-percent distributee of any property in a complete liquidation to which section 332 applies.
"(b) TREATMENT OF INDEBTEDNESS OF SUBSIDIARY, ETC.--
"(1) INDEBTEDNESS OF SUBSIDIARY TO PARENT.--If--
"(A) a corporation is liquidated in a liquidation to which section 332 applies, and
"(B) on the date of the adoption of the plan of liquidation, such corporation was indebted to the 80-percent distributee,
for purposes of this section and section 336, any transfer of property to the 80-percent distributee in satisfaction of such indebtedness shall be treated as a distribution to such distributee in such liquidation.
"(2) TREATMENT OF TAX-EXEMPT DISTRIBUTEE.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), paragraph (1) and subsection (a) shall not apply where the 80-percent distributee is an organization (other than a cooperative described in section 521) which is exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
"(B) EXCEPTION WHERE PROPERTY WILL BE USED IN UNRELATED BUSINESS.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any distribution of property to an organization described in section 511(a)(2) or 511(b)(2) if, immediately after such distribution, such organization uses such property in an unrelated trade or business (as defined in section 513).
"(ii) LATER DISPOSITION OR CHANGE IN USE.--If any property to which clause (i) applied is disposed of by the organization acquiring such property, notwithstanding any other provision of law, any gain (not in excess of the amount not recognized by reason of clause (i)) shall be included in such organization's unrelated business taxable income. For purposes of the preceding sentence, if such property ceases to be used in an unrelated trade or business of such organization, such organization shall be treated as having disposed of such property on the date of such cessation.
"(d) REGULATIONS.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the amendments made to this subpart by the Tax Reform Act of 1986, including--
"(1) regulations to ensure that such purposes may not be circumvented through the use of any provision of law or regulations (including the consolidated return regulations and part III of this subchapter), and
"(2) regulations providing for appropriate coordination of the provisions of this section with the provisions of this title relating to taxation of foreign corporations and their shareholders."
(b) AMENDMENTS TO SECTION 338.--
(1) Subsection (a) of section 338 (relating to certain stock purchases treated as asset acquisitions) is amended by striking out "to which section 337 applies".
(2) Subsection (c) of section 338 is hereby repealed.
(3) Subparagraph (B) of section 338(h)(10) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new sentence:
"To the extent provided in regulations, such term also includes any affiliated group of corporations which includes the target corporation (whether or not such group files a consolidated return)."
"SEC. 311. TAXABILITY OF CORPORATION ON DISTRIBUTION.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--Except as provided in subsection (b), no gain or loss shall be recognized to a corporation on the distribution, with respect to its stock, of--
"(1) its stock (or rights to acquire its stock), or
"(2) property.
"(b) DISTRIBUTIONS OF APPRECIATED PROPERTY.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--If--
"(A) a corporation distributes property (other than an obligation of such corporation) to a shareholder in a distribution to which subpart A applies, and
"(B) the fair market value of such property exceeds its adjusted basis (in the hands of the distributing corporation),
then gain shall be recognized to the distributing corporation as if such property were sold to the distributee at its fair market value.
"(2) TREATMENT OF LIABILITIES IN EXCESS OF BASIS.--Rules similar to the rules of section 336(b) shall apply for purposes of this subsection."
(d) TREATMENT OF FOREIGN DISTRIBUTEES.--
(1) AMENDMENTS TO SECTION 367.--Subsection (e) of section 367 is amended to read as follows:
"(e) TREATMENT OF DISTRIBUTIONS DESCRIBED IN SECTION 355 OR LIQUIDATIONS UNDER SECTION 332.--
"(1) DISTRIBUTIONS DESCRIBED IN SECTION 355.--In the case of any distribution described in section 355 (or so much of section 356 as relates to section 355) by a domestic corporation to a person who is not a United States person, to the extent provided in regulations, gain shall be recognized under principles similar to the principles of this section.
"(2) LIQUIDATIONS UNDER SECTION 332.--In the case of any liquidation to which section 332 applies, except as provided in regulations, subsections (a) and (b)(1) of section 337 shall not apply where the 80-percent distributee (as defined in section 337(c)) is a foreign corporation."
(2) AMENDMENTS TO SECTION 1248.--
(A) Subsection (e) of section 1248 is amended by striking out "Under regulations" and inserting in lieu thereof "Except as provided in regulations".
(B) Subsection (f) of section 1248 is amended by inserting "Except as provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary--" after the subsection heading.
(1) Paragraph (4) of section 312(n) (as redesignated by title XVIII) is amended to read as follows:
"(4) LIFO INVENTORY ADJUSTMENTS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Earnings and profits shall be increased or decreased by the amount of any increase or decrease in the LIFO recapture amount as of the close of each taxable year; except that any decrease below the LIFO recapture amount as of the close of the taxable year preceding the 1st taxable year to which this paragraph applies to the taxpayer shall be taken into account only to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
"(B) LIFO RECAPTURE AMOUNT.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'LIFO recapture amount' means the amount (if any) by which--
"(i) the inventory amount of the inventory assets under the first-in, first-out method authorized by section 471, exceeds
"(ii) the inventory amount of such assets under the LIFO method.
"(C) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this paragraph--
"(i) LIFO METHOD.--The term 'LIFO method' means the method authorized by section 472 (relating to lasting, first-out inventories).
"(ii) INVENTORY ASSETS.--The term 'inventory assets' means stock in trade of the corporation, or other property of a kind which would properly be included in the inventory of the corporation if on hand at the close of the taxable year.
"(iii) INVENTORY AMOUNT.--The inventory amount of assets under the first-in, first-out method authorized by section 471 shall be determined--
"(I) if the corporation uses the retail method of valuing inventories under section 472, by using such method, or
"(II) if subclause (I) does not apply, by using cost or market, whichever is lower."
(3) Section 333 is hereby repealed.
(4)(A) Subsection (a) of section 334 is amended by striking out "(other than a distribution to which section 333 applies)".
(B) Subsection (c) of section 334 is hereby repealed.
(5) Paragraph (12) of section 338(h) is hereby repealed.
(6)(A) Subsection (e) of section 341 is amended by striking out paragraphs (2), (3), and (4).
(B) Paragraph (5) of section 341(e) is amended--
(i) by striking out "paragraphs (1), (2), and (4)" and inserting in lieu thereof "paragraph (1)", and
(ii) by striking out subparagraph (B).
(8)(A) Subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 453(h)(1) (relating to use of installment sales in section 337 liquidations) are amended to read as follows:
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If, in a liquidation to which section 331 applies, the shareholder receives (in exchange for the shareholder's stock) an installment obligation acquired in respect of a sale or exchange by the corporation during the 12-month period beginning on the date a plan of complete liquidation is adopted and the liquidation is completed during such 12-month period, then, for purposes of this section, the receipt of payments under such obligation (but not the receipt of such obligation) by the shareholder shall be treated as the receipt of payment for the stock.
"(B) OBLIGATIONS ATTRIBUTABLE TO SALE OF INVENTORY MUST RESULT FROM BULK SALE.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to an installment obligation acquired in respect of a sale or exchange of--
"(i) stock in trade of the corporation,
"(ii) other property of a kind which would properly be included in the inventory of the corporation if on hand at the close of the taxable year, and
"(iii) property held by the corporation primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of its trade or business,
unless such sale or exchange is to one person and involves substantially all of such property attributable to a trade or business of the corporation."
(B) Subparagraph (E) of section 453(h)(1) is amended to read as follows:
"(E) SALES BY LIQUIDATING SUBSIDIARIES.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), in the case of a controlling corporate shareholder (within the meaning of section 368(c)(1)) of a selling corporation, an obligation acquired in respect of a sale or exchange by the selling corporation shall be treated as so acquired by such controlling corporate shareholder. The preceding sentence shall be applied successively to each controlling corporate shareholder above such controlling corporate shareholder."
(C) The heading for section 453(h) is amended by striking out "SECTION 337" and inserting in lieu thereof "CERTAIN".
(9) Subsection (d) of section 453B is amended to read as follows:
"(d) EFFECT OF DISTRIBUTION IN LIQUIDATIONS TO WHICH SECTION 332 APPLIES.--If--
"(1) an installment obligation is distributed in a liquidation to which section 332 (relating to complete liquidations of subsidiaries) applies, and
"(2) the basis of such obligation in the hands of the distributee is determined under section 334(b)(1),
then no gain or loss with respect to the distribution of such obligation shall be recognized by the distributing corporation."
(10) Paragraph (5) of section 467(c) is amended by striking out "453B(d)(2),".
(11) Subsection (b) of section 852 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(6) SECTION 311(b) NOT TO APPLY TO CERTAIN DISTRIBUTIONS.--Section 311(b) shall not apply to any distribution by a regulated investment company to which this part applies, if such distribution is in redemption of its stock upon the demand of the shareholder."
(12) Subsection (d) of section 897 is amended--
(A) by striking out paragraph (2),
(B) by striking out the heading for paragraph (1),
(C) by appropriately redesignating each subparagraph, clause, and subclause of paragraph (1) as a paragraph, subparagraph, or clause, as the case may be,
(D) by striking out "subparagraph (A)" in paragraph (2) (as so redesignated) and inserting in lieu thereof "paragraph (1)", and
(E) by striking out ", ETC.," in the subsection heading.
(13) Subsection (a) of section 1056 is amended by striking out the last sentence thereof.
(14) Paragraph (2) of section 1255(b) is amended by striking out "453B(d)(2)".
(15) Paragraph (3) of section 1276(c) is amended by striking out "334(c),".
(16) The table of sections for subpart A of part II of subchapter C of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 333.
(17) The table of sections for subpart B of part II of subchapter C of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the items relating to sections 336 and 337 and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
"Sec. 337. Nonrecognition for property distributed to parent in complete liquidation of subsidiary."
SEC. 632. TREATMENT OF C CORPORATIONS ELECTING SUBCHAPTER S STATUS.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 1374 (relating to tax imposed on certain capital gains) is amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 1374. TAX IMPOSED ON CERTAIN BUILT-IN GAINS.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--If for any taxable year beginning in the recognition period an S corporation has a recognized built-in gain, there is hereby imposed a tax (computed under subsection (b)) on the income of such corporation for such taxable year.
"(b) AMOUNT OF TAX.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be a tax computed by applying the highest rate of tax specified in section 11(b) to the lesser of--
"(A) the recognized built-in gains of the S corporation for the taxable year, or
"(B) the amount which would be the taxable income of the corporation for such taxable year if such corporation were not an S corporation.
"(2) NET OPERATING LOSS CARRYFORWARDS FROM C YEARS ALLOWED.--Notwithstanding section 137(b)(1), any net operating loss carryforward arising in a taxable year for which the corporation was a C corporation shall be allowed as a deduction against the lesser of the amounts referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1). For purposes of determining the amount of any such loss which may be carried to subsequent taxable years, the lesser of the amounts referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) shall be treated as taxable income.
"(3) CREDITS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), no credit shall be allowable under part IV of subchapter A of this chapter (other than under section 34) against the tax imposed by subsection (a).
"(B) BUSINESS CREDIT CARRYFORWARDS FROM C YEARS ALLOWED.--Notwithstanding section 1371(b)(1), any business credit carryforward under section 39 arising in a taxable year for which the corporation was a C corporation shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by subsection (a) in the same manner as if it were imposed by section 11.
"(4) COORDINATION WITH SECTION 1201(a).--For purposes of section 1201(a)--
"(A) the tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be treated as if it were imposed by section 11, and
"(B) the lower of the amounts specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) shall be treated as the taxable income.
"(1) CORPORATIONS WHICH WERE ALWAYS S CORPORATIONS.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to any corporation if an election under section 1362(a) has been in effect with respect to such corporation for each of its taxable years. Except as provided in regulations, an S corporation and any predecessor corporation shall be treated as 1 corporation for purposes of the preceding sentence.
"(2) LIMITATION ON AMOUNT OF RECOGNIZED BUILT-IN GAINS.--The amount of the recognized built-in gains taken into account under this section for any taxable year shall not exceed the excess (if any) of--
"(A) the net unrealized built-in gain, over
"(B) the recognized built-in gains for prior taxable years beginning in the recognition period.
"(1) NET UNREALIZED BUILT-IN GAIN.--The term 'net unrealized built-in gain' means the amount (if any) by which--
"(A) the fair market value of the assets of the S corporation as of the beginning of its 1st taxable year for which an election under section 1362(a) is in effect, exceeds
"(B) the aggregate adjusted bases of such assets at such time.
"(2) RECOGNIZED BUILT-IN GAIN.--The term 'recognized built-in gain' means any gain recognized during the recognition period on the disposition of any asset except to the extent that the S corporation establishes that--
"(A) such asset was not held by the S corporation as of the beginning of the 1st taxable year referred to in paragraph (1), or
"(B) such gain exceeds the excess (if any) of--
"(i) the fair market value of such asset as of the beginning of such 1st taxable year, over
"(ii) the adjusted basis of the asset as of such time.
"(4) TAXABLE INCOME.--Taxable income of the corporation shall be determined under section 63(a)--
"(A) without regard to the deductions allowed by part VIII of subchapter B (other than the deduction allowed by section 248, relating to organization expenditures), and
"(B) without regard to the deduction under section 172."
"(e) SUBSECTION (d) NOT TO APPLY TO REORGANIZATIONS, ETC.--Subsection (d) shall not apply to any distribution to the extent it consists of property permitted by section 354, 355, or 356 to be received without the recognition of gain."
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Subparagraph (G) of section 26(b)(2) is amended by striking out "certain capital gains" and inserting in lieu thereof "certain built-in gains".
(2) Paragraph (2) of section 1366(f) is amended to read as follows:
"(2) REDUCTION IN PASS-THRU FOR TAX IMPOSED ON BUILT-IN GAINS.--If any tax is imposed under section 1374 for any taxable year on an S corporation, for purposes of subsection (a), the amount of each recognized built-in gain (as defined in section 1374(d)(2)) for such taxable year shall be reduced by its proportionate share of such tax."
(3) Subparagraph (B) of section 1375(b)(1) is amended by striking out "section 1374(d)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 1374(d)(4)".
(d) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for part III of subchapter S of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 1374 and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
"Sec. 1374. Tax imposed on certain built-in gains."
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, the amendments made by this subtitle shall apply to--
(1) any distribution in complete liquidation, and any sale or exchange, made by a corporation after July 31, 1986, unless such corporation is completely liquidated before January 1, 1987,
(2) any transaction described in section 338 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for which the acquisition date occurs after December 31, 1986, and
(3) any distribution (not in complete liquidation) made after December 31, 1986.
(b) BUILT-IN GAINS OF S CORPORATIONS.--The amendments made by section 632 (other than subsection (b) thereof) shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986, but only in cases where the 1st taxable year for which the corporation is an S corporation is pursuant to an election made after December 31, 1986.
(c) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN PLANS OF LIQUIDATION AND BINDING CONTRACTS.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this subtitle shall not apply to--
(A) any distribution or sale or exchange made pursuant to a plan of liquidation adopted before August 1, 1986, if the liquidating corporation is completely liquidated before January 1, 1988,
(B) any distribution or sale or exchange made by any corporation if 50 percent or more of the voting stock (by value) of such corporation is acquired on or after August 1, 1986, pursuant to a written binding contract in effect before such date and if such corporation is completely liquidated before January 1, 1988,
(C) any distribution or sale or exchange made by any corporation if substantially all of the assets of such corporation are sold on or after August 1, 1986, pursuant to 1 or more written binding contracts in effect before such date and if such corporation is completely liquidated before January 1, 1988, or
(D) any transaction described in section 338 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with respect to any target corporation if a qualified stock purchase of such target corporation is made on or after August 1, 1986, pursuant to a written binding contract in effect before such date and the acquisition date (within the meaning of such section 338) is before January 1, 1988.
(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN ACTIONS TAKEN BEFORE NOVEMBER 20, 1985.--For purposes of paragraph (1), transactions shall be treated as pursuant to a plan of liquidation adopted before August 1, 1986, if--
(A) before November 20, 1985--
(i) the board of directors of the liquidating corporation adopted a resolution to solicit shareholder approval for a transaction of a kind described in section 336 or 337, or
(ii) the shareholders or board of directors have approved such a transaction,
(B) before November 20, 1985--
(i) there has been an offer to purchase a majority of the voting stock of the liquidating corporation, or
(ii) the board of directors of the liquidating corporation has adopted a resolution approving an acquisition or recommending the approval of an acquisition to the shareholders, or
(C) before November 20, 1985, a ruling request was submitted to the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate with respect to a transaction of a kind described in section 336 or 337 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (as in effect before the amendments made by this subtitle).
For purposes of the preceding sentence, any action taken by the board of directors or shareholders of a corporation with respect to any subsidiary of such corporation shall be treated as taken by the board of directors or shareholders of such subsidiary.
(d) TRANSITIONAL RULE FOR CERTAIN SMALL CORPORATIONS.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of the complete liquidation before January 1, 1989, of a qualified corporation, the amendments made by this section shall not apply to the applicable percentage of each gain or loss which (but for this paragraph) would be recognized by reason of the amendments made by this subtitle.
(2) PARAGRAPH (1) NOT TO APPLY TO CERTAIN ITEMS.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to--
(A) any gain or loss which is an ordinary gain or loss (determined without regard to section 1239 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986),
(B) any gain or loss on a capital asset held for not more than 6 months, and
(C) any gain to the extent section 453B of such Code applies.
(3) APPLICABLE PERCENTAGE.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'applicable percentage' means--
(A) 100 percent if the applicable value of the qualified corporation is less than $5,000,000, or
(B) 100 percent reduced by an amount which bears the same ratio to 100 percent as--
(i) the excess of the applicable value of the corporation over $5,000,000, bears to
(ii) $5,000,000.
(5) QUALIFIED CORPORATION.--For purposes of this subsection, the term "qualified corporation" means any corporation if--
(A) on August 1, 1986, and at all times thereafter before the corporation is completely liquidated, more than 50 percent (by value) of the stock in such corporation is held by 10 or fewer qualified persons, and
(B) the applicable value of such corporation does not exceed $10,000,000.
(6) DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of this subsection--
(A) QUALIFIED PERSON.--The term "qualified person" means--
(i) an individual,
(ii) an estate, or
(iii) any trust described in clause (ii) or (iii) of section 1361(c)(2)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
(B) ATTRIBUTION RULES.--
(i) ENTITIES.--Any stock held by a corporation, trust, or partnership shall be treated as owned proportionally by its shareholders, beneficiaries, or partners. Stock considered to be owned by a person by reason of the application of the preceding sentence shall, for purposes of applying such sentence, be treated as actually owned by such person.
(ii) FAMILY MEMBERS.--Stock owned (or treated as owned under clause (i)) by members of the same family (within the meaning of section 318(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) shall be treated as owned by 1 person.
(C) CONTROLLED GROUP OF CORPORATIONS.--All members of the same controlled group (as defined in section 267(f)(1) of such Code) shall be treated as 1 corporation for purposes of this subsection.
(7) SECTION 338 TRANSACTIONS.--The provisions of this subsection shall also apply in the case of a transaction described in section 338 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 where the acquisition date (within the meaning of such section 338) is before January 1, 1989.
(8) APPLICATION OF SECTION 1374.--Rules similar to the rules of this subsection shall apply for purposes of applying section 1374 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by section 632) in the case of a qualified corporation which becomes an S corporation for a taxable year beginning before January 1, 1989.
(d) COMPLETE LIQUIDATION DEFINED.--For purposes of this section, a corporation shall be treated as completely liquidated if all of the assets of such corporation are distributed in complete liquidation less assets retained to meet claims.
(e) OTHER TRANSITIONAL RULES.--
(1) The amendments made by this subtitle shall not apply to any liquidation of a corporation incorporated under the laws of Pennsylvania on August 3, 1970, if--
(A) the board of directors of such corporation approved a plan of liquidation before January 1, 1986,
(B) an agreement for the sale of a material portion of the assets of such corporation was signed on May 9, 1986 (whether or not the assets are sold in accordance with such agreement), and
(C) the corporation is completely liquidated on or before December 31, 1988.
(2) The amendments made by this subtitle shall not apply to any liquidation (or deemed liquidation under section 338 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) of a diversified financial services corporation incorporated under the laws of Delaware on May 9, 1929, pursuant to a binding written contract entered into on or before December 31, 1986; but only if the liquidation is completed (or in the case of a section 338 election, the acquisition date occurs) before January 1, 1988.
(3) The amendments made by this subtitle shall not apply to any distribution, or sale, or exchange--
(A) of the assets owned (directly or indirectly) by a testamentary trust established under the will of a decedent dying on June 15, 1956, or its beneficiaries,
(B) made pursuant to a court order in an action filed on January 18, 1984, if such order--
(i) is issued after July 31, 1986, and
(ii) directs the disposition of the assets of such trust and the division of the trust corpus into 3 separate subtrusts.
For purposes of the preceding sentence, an election under section 338(g) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (or an election under section 338(h)(10) of such Code) qualifying as a section 337 liquidation pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary under section 1.338(h)(10)-1T(j)) made in connection with a sale or exchange pursuant to a court order described in subparagraph (B) shall be treated as a sale of exchange.
(4)(A) The amendments made by this subtitle shall not apply to any distribution, or sale, or exchange--
(I) an option agreement binding on the selling corporation to sell substantially all its assets is executed before August 1, 1986, the corporation adopts (by approval of its shareholders) a conditional plan of liquidation before August 1, 1986 to become effective upon the exercise of such option agreement (or modification thereto), and the assets are sold pursuant to the exercise of the option (as originally executed or subsequently modified provided that the purchase price is not thereby increased), or
(II) in the event that the optionee does not acquire substantially all the assets of the corporation, the optionor corporation sells substantially all its assets to another purchaser at a purchase price not greater than that contemplated by such option agreement pursuant to an effective plan of liquidation, and
(ii) the complete liquidation of the corporation occurs within 12 months of the time the plan of liquidation becomes effective, but in no event later than December 31, 1989.
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), a distribution, or sale, or exchange, of a distributee corporation (within the meaning of section 337(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) shall be treated as satisfying the requirements of subparagraph (A) if its subsidiary satisfies the requirements of subparagraph (A).
(C) For purposes of section 56 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by this Act), any gain or loss not recognized by reason of this paragraph shall not be taken into account in determining the adjusted net book income of the corporation.
(5) In the case of a corporation incorporated under the laws of Wisconsin on April 3, 1948--
(A) a voting trust established not later than December 31, 1987, for purposes of holding employees' shares of stock in such corporation, shall qualify as a trust permitted as a shareholder of an S corporation, and
(B) the amendment made by section 632 (other than subsection (b) thereof) shall not apply to such corporation if it elects to be an S corporation before January 1, 1989.
(6) The amendments made by this subtitle shall not apply to the liquidation of a corporation incorporated on January 26, 1982, under the laws of the State of Alabama with a principal place of business in Colbert County, Alabama, but only if such corporation is completely liquidated on or before December 31, 1987.
(7) The amendments made by this subtitle shall not apply to the acquisition by a Delaware bank holding company of all of the assets of an Iowa bank holding company pursuant to a written contract dated December 9, 1981.
(8) The amendments made by this subtitle shall not apply to the liquidation of a corporation incorporated under the laws of Delaware on January 20, 1984, if more than 40 percent of the stock of such corporation was acquired by purchase on June 11, 1986, and there was a tender offer with respect to all additional outstanding shares of such corporation on July 29, 1986, but only if the corporation is completely liquidated on or before December 31, 1987.
(f) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN DISTRIBUTIONS IN RESPONSE TO HOSTILE TENDER OFFER.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--No gain or loss shall be recognized under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to a corporation (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as "parent") on a qualified distribution.
(2) QUALIFIED DISTRIBUTION DEFINED.--For purposes of paragraph (1)--
(A) IN GENERAL.--The term "qualified distribution" means a distribution--
(i) by parent of all of the stock of a qualified subsidiary in exchange for stock of parent which was acquired for purposes of such exchange pursuant to a tender offer dated February 16, 1982, and
(ii) pursuant to a contract dated February 13, 1982, and
(iii) which was made not more than 60 days after the board of directors of parent recommended rejection of an unsolicited tender offer to obtain control of parent.
(B) QUALIFIED SUBSIDIARY.--The term "qualified subsidiary" means a corporation created or organized under the laws of Delaware on September 7, 1976, all of the stock of which was owned by parent immediately before the qualified distribution.
The Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate shall conduct a study of proposals to reform the provisions of subchapter C of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Not later than January 1, 1988, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate a report on the study conducted under this section (together with such recommendations as he may deem advisable).
SEC. 641. SPECIAL ALLOCATION RULES FOR CERTAIN ASSET ACQUISITIONS.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Part IV of subchapter O of chapter 1 (relating to special rules for determining basis) is amended by redesignating section 1060 as section 1061 and by inserting after section 1059 the following new section:
"SEC. 1060. SPECIAL ALLOCATION RULES FOR CERTAIN ASSET ACQUISITIONS.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--In the case of any applicable asset acquisition, for purposes of determining both--
"(1) the transferee's basis in such assets, and
"(2) the gain or loss of the transferor with respect to such acquisition,
the consideration received for such assets shall be allocated among such assets acquired in such acquisition in the same manner as amounts are allocated to assets under section 338(b)(5).
"(b) INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BE FURNISHED TO SECRETARY.--Under regulations, the transferor and transferee in an applicable asset acquisition shall, at such times and in such manner as may be provided in such regulations, furnish to the Secretary the following information:
"(1) The amount of the consideration received for the assets which is allocated to goodwill or going concern value.
"(2) Any modification of the amount described in paragraph (1)
"(3) Any other information with respect to other assets transferred in such acquisition as the Secretary may find necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.
"(c) APPLICABLE ASSET ACQUISITION.--For purposes of this section, the term 'applicable asset acquisition' means any transfer (whether directly or indirectly)--
"(1) of assets which constitute a trade or business, and
"(2) with respect to which the transferee's basis in such assets is determined wholly by reference to the consideration paid for such assets.
A transfer shall not be treated as failing to be an applicable asset acquisition merely because section 1031 applies to a portion of the assets transferred."
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for part IV of subchapter O of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 1060 and inserting in lieu thereof the following new items:
"Sec. 1060. Special allocation rules for certain asset acquisitions.
"Sec. 1061. Cross references."
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to any acquisition of assets after May 6, 1986, unless such acquisition is pursuant to a binding contract which was in effect on May 6, 1986, and at all times thereafter.
SEC. 642. MODIFICATION OF DEFINITION OF RELATED PARTY.
(a) DEFINITIONS OF RELATED PARTY FOR PURPOSES OF CERTAIN SALES.--
(1) SALE OF DEPRECIABLE PROPERTY BETWEEN CERTAIN RELATED TAXPAYERS.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (1) of section 1239(b) (defining related persons) is amended by striking out "80-percent owned entities" and inserting in lieu thereof "controlled entities".
(B) CONTROLLED ENTITY DEFINED.--
(i) IN GENERAL.--Section 1239(c)(1) (defining 80-percent owned entity) is amended--
(I) by striking out "80-percent owned entity" and inserting in lieu thereof "controlled entity",
(II) by striking out "80 percent or more in value" in subparagraph (A) and inserting in lieu thereof "more than 50 percent of the value",
(III) by striking out "80 percent or more" in subparagraph (B) and inserting in lieu thereof "more than 50 percent", and
(IV) by striking out "and" at the end of subparagraph (A), by striking out the period at the end of subparagraph (B) and inserting ", and", and by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
(ii) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Section 1239(c) is amended by striking out "80-PERCENT OWNED ENTITY" in the heading thereof and inserting in lieu thereof "CONTROLLED ENTITY",
(C) CONSTRUCTIVE OWNERSHIP.--Paragraph (2) of section 1239(c) is amended to read as follows:
"(2) CONSTRUCTIVE OWNERSHIP.--For purposes of this section, ownership shall be determined in accordance with rules similar to the rules under section 267(c) (other than paragraph (3) thereof)."
(D) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Section 453(g) is amended by striking out "80-PERCENT OWNED" in the heading thereof and inserting in lieu thereof "CONTROLLED".
(2) PARTNERSHIPS.--Paragraph (2) of section 707(b) (relating to gains treated as ordinary income) is amended by striking out "80-percent" each place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof "50 percent".
(3) INSTALLMENT SALES.--Paragraph (1) of section 453(f) (defining related person) is amended to read as follows:
"(1) RELATED PERSON.--Except for purposes of subsection (g) and (h), the term 'related person' means--
"(A) a person whose stock would be attributed under section 318(a) (other than paragraph (4) thereof) to the person first disposing of the property, or
"(B) a person who bears a relationship described in section 267(b) to the person first disposing of the property."
(1) PAYMENTS TO BE RECEIVED DEFINED.--Section 453(f) (relating to definitions and special rules) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(8) PAYMENTS TO BE RECEIVED DEFINED.--The term 'payment to be received' includes--
"(A) the aggregate amount of all payments which are not contingent as to amount, and
"(B) the fair market value of any payments which are contingent as to amount."
(2) SALE OF DEPRECIABLE PROPERTY BETWEEN RELATED PARTIES.--Paragraph (1) of section 453(g) (relating to sale of depreciable property to controlled entities) is amended to read as follows:
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of an installment sale of depreciable property between related persons (within the meaning of section 1239(b))--
"(A) subsection (a) shall not apply, and
"(B) for purposes of this title--
"(i) except as provided in clause (ii), all payments to be received shall be treated as received in the year of the disposition, and
"(ii) in the case of any payments which are contingent as to amount but with respect to which the fair market value may not be reasonably ascertained--
"(I) the basis shall be recovered ratably, and
"(II) the purchaser may not increase the basis of any property acquired in such sale by any amount before such time as the seller includes such amount in income."
(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall apply to sales after the date of the enactment of this Act, in taxable years ending after such date.
(2) TRADITIONAL RULE FOR BINDING CONTRACTS.--The amendments made by this section shall not apply to sales made after August 14, 1986, which are made pursuant to a binding contract in effect on August 14, 1986, and at all times thereafter.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Section 171 (relating to amortizable bond premium) is amended by redesignating subsection (e) as (f), and by inserting after subsection (d) the following new subsection:
"(e) TREATMENT AS INTEREST.--Except as provided in regulations, the amount of any amortizable bond premium with respect to which a deduction is allowed under subsection (a)(1) for any taxable year shall be treated as interest for purposes of this title."
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to obligations acquired after the date of the enactment of this Act, in taxable years ending after such date.
(2) REVOCATION OF ELECTION.--In the case of a taxpayer with respect to whom an election is in effect on the date of enactment of this Act under section 171(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, such election shall apply to obligations issued after the date of the enactment of this Act only if the taxpayer chooses (at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate) to have such election apply with respect to such obligations.
(a) TENANT-STOCKHOLDER MAY INCLUDE PERSON OTHER THAN INDIVIDUAL.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 216(b)(2) (defining tenant-stockholder) is amended--
(A) by striking out "an individual" and inserting in lieu thereof "a person", and
(B) by striking out "such individual" and inserting in lieu thereof "such person".
(2) PRIOR APPROVAL OF OCCUPANCY.--Paragraphs (5) and (6) of section 216(b) are amended to read as follows:
"(5) PRIOR APPROVAL OF OCCUPANCY.--For purposes of this section, in the following cases there shall not be taken into account the fact that (by agreement with the cooperative housing corporation) the person or his nominee may not occupy the house or apartment without the prior approval of such corporation:
"(A) In any case where a person acquires stock of a cooperative housing corporation by operation of law.
"(B) In any case where a person other than an individual acquires stock of a cooperative housing corporation.
"(C) In any case where the original seller acquires any stock of the cooperative housing corporation from the corporation not later than 1 year after the date on which the apartments or houses (or leaseholds therein) are transferred by the original seller to the corporation.
"(6) ORIGINAL SELLER DEFINED.--For purposes of paragraph (5), the term 'original seller' means the person from whom the corporation has acquired the apartments or houses (or leaseholds therein).".
(b) TREATMENT OF DEPRECIATION.--Section 216(c) (relating to treatment as property subject to depreciation) is amended to read as follows:
"(c) TREATMENT AS PROPERTY SUBJECT TO DEPRECIATION.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--So much of the stock of a tenant-stockholder in a cooperative housing corporation as is allocable, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, to a proprietary lease or right of tenancy in property subject to the allowance for depreciation under section 167(a) shall, to the extent such proprietary lease or right of tenancy is used by such tenant-stockholder in a trade or business or for the production of income, be treated as property subject to the allowance for depreciation under section 167(a). The preceding sentence shall not be construed to limit or deny a deduction for depreciation under section 167(a) by a cooperative housing corporation with respect to property owned by such a corporation and leased to tenant-stockholders.
"(2) DEDUCTION LIMITED TO ADJUSTED BASIS IN STOCK.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The amount of any deduction for depreciation allowable under section 167(a) to a tenant-stockholder with respect to any stock for any taxable year by reason of paragraph (1) shall not exceed the adjusted basis of such stock as of the close of the taxable year of the tenant-stockholder in which such deduction was incurred.
"(B) CARRYFORWARD OF DISALLOWED AMOUNT.--The amount of any deduction which is not allowed by reason of subparagraph (A) shall, subject to the provisions of subparagraph (A), be treated as a deduction allowable under section 167(a) in the succeeding taxable year.".
"(d) DISALLOWANCE OF DEDUCTION FOR CERTAIN PAYMENTS TO THE CORPORATION.--No deduction shall be allowed to a stockholder in a cooperative housing corporation for any amount paid or accrued to such corporation during any taxable year (in excess of the stockholder's proportionate share of the items described in subsections (a)(1) and (a)(2)) to the extent that, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, such amount is properly allocable to amounts paid or incurred at any time by the corporation which are chargeable to the corporation's capital account. The stockholder's adjusted basis in the stock in the corporation shall be increased by the amount of such disallowance."
(d) DEDUCTION OF TAXES AND INTEREST.--Paragraph (3) of section 216(b) (defining tenant-stockholder's proportionate share) is amended to read as follows:
"(3) TENANT-STOCKHOLDER'S PROPORTIONATE SHARE.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term 'tenant-stockholder's proportionate share' means that proportion which the stock of the cooperative housing corporation owned by the tenant-stockholder is of the total outstanding stock of the corporation (including any stock held by the corporation).
"(B) SPECIAL RULE WHERE ALLOCATION OF TAXES OF INTEREST REFLECT COST TO CORPORATION OF STOCKHOLDER'S UNIT.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--If, for any taxable year--
"(I) each dwelling unit owned or leased by a cooperative housing corporation is separately allocated a share of such corporation's real estate taxes described in subsection (a)(1) or a share of such corporation's interest described in subsection (a)(2), and
"(II) such allocations reasonably reflect the cost to such corporation of such taxes, or of such interest, attributable to the tenant-stockholder's dwelling unit (and such unit's share of the common areas),
then the term 'tenant-stockholder's proportionate share' means the shares determined in accordance with the allocations described in subclause (II).
"(ii) ELECTION BY CORPORATION REQUIRED.--Clause (i) shall apply with respect to any cooperative housing corporation only if such corporation elects its application. Such an election, once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary."
(1) PAYMENT OF CLOSING COSTS AND CREATION OF RESERVE EXCLUDED FROM GROSS INCOME.--For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, no amount shall be included in the gross income of a qualified cooperative housing corporation by reason of the payment or reimbursement by a city housing development agency or corporation of amounts for--
(A) closing costs, or
(B) the creation of reserves for the qualified cooperative housing corporation,
in connection with a qualified refinancing.
(2) INCOME FROM RESERVE FUND TREATED AS MEMBER INCOME.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--Income from a qualified refinancing-related reserve shall be treated as derived from its members for purposes of--
(i) section 216 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (relating to deduction of taxes, interest, and business depreciation by cooperative housing corporation tenant-stockholder), and
(ii) section 277 of such Code (relating to deductions incurred by certain membership organizations in transactions with members).
(B) NO INFERENCE.--Nothing in the provisions of this paragraph shall be construed to infer that a change in law is intended with respect to the treatment of deductions under section 277 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 with respect to cooperative housing corporations, and any determination of such issue shall be made as if such provisions had not been enacted.
(3) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN INTEREST CLAIMED AS DEDUCTION.--Any amount--
(A) claimed (on a return of tax imposed by chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954) as a deduction by a qualified cooperative housing corporation for interest for any taxable year beginning before January 1, 1986, on a second mortgage loan made by a city housing development agency or corporation in connection with a qualified refinancing, and
(B) reported (before April 16, 1986) by the qualified cooperative housing corporation to its tenant-stockholders as interest described in section 216(a)(2) of such Code,
shall be treated for purposes of such Code as if such amount were paid by such qualified cooperative housing corporation during such taxable year.
(4) QUALIFIED COOPERATIVE HOUSING CORPORATION.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this subsection, the term "qualified cooperative housing corporation" means any corporation if--
(i) such corporation is, after the application of paragraphs (1) and (2), a cooperative housing corporation (as defined in section 216(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954),
(ii) such corporation is subject to a qualified limited-profit housing companies law, and
(iii) such corporation either--
(I) filed for incorporation on July 22, 1965, or
(II) filed for incorporation on March 5, 1964.
(5) QUALIFIED REFINANCING.--For purposes of this subsection, the term "qualified refinancing" means any refinancing--
(A) which occurred--
(i) with respect to a qualified cooperative housing corporation described in paragraph (4)(A)(iii)(I) on September 20, 1978, or
(ii) with respect to a qualified cooperative housing corporation described in paragraph (4)(A)(iii)(II) on November 21, 1978, and
(B) in which a qualified cooperative housing corporation refinanced a first mortgage loan made to such corporation by a city housing development agency with a first mortgage loan made by a city housing development corporation and insured by an agency of the Federal Government and a second mortgage loan made by such city housing development agency, in the process of which a reserve was created (as required by such Federal agency) and closing costs were paid or reimbursed by such city housing development agency or corporation.
(6) QUALIFIED REFINANCING-RELATED RESERVE.--For purposes of this subsection, the term "qualified refinancing-related reserve" means any reserve of a qualified cooperative housing corporation with respect to the creation of which no amount was included in the gross income of such corporation by reason of paragraph (a).
(7) TREATMENT OF AMOUNTS PAID FROM QUALIFIED REFINANCING-RELATED RESERVE.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--With respect to any payment from a qualified refinancing-related reserve out of amounts excluded from gross income by reason of paragraph (1)--
(i) no deduction shall be allowed under chapter 1 of such Code, and
(ii) the basis of any property acquired with such payment (determined without regard to this subparagraph) shall be reduced by the amount of such payment.
(B) ORDERING RULES.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), payments from a reserve shall be treated as being made--
(i) first from amounts excluded from gross income by reason of paragraph (1) to the extent thereof, and
(ii) then from other amounts in the reserve.
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(2) SUBSECTION (e).--
(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), subsection (e) shall apply to taxable years beginning before January 1, 1986.
(B) Subsection (e)(7) shall apply to amounts paid or incurred, and property acquired, in taxable years beginning, after December 31, 1985.
(a) COMPUTER SOFTWARE ROYALTIES.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (1) of section 543(a) (defining personal holding company income) is amended--
(A) by striking out "and" at the end of subparagraph (A),
(B) by striking out the period at the end of subparagraph (B) and inserting in lieu thereof ", and", and
(C) by adding at the end thereof the following new subparagraph:
"(C) active business computer software royalties (within the meaning of subsection (d))."
(2) ACTIVE BUSINESS COMPUTER SOFTWARE ROYALTIES DEFINED.--Section 543 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(d) ACTIVE BUSINESS COMPUTER SOFTWARE ROYALTIES.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this section, the term 'active business computer software royalties' means any royalties--
"(A) received by any corporation during the taxable year in connection with the licensing of computer software, and
"(B) with respect to which the requirements of paragraphs (2), (3), (4), and (5) are met.
"(2) ROYALTIES MUST BE RECEIVED BY CORPORATION ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN COMPUTER SOFTWARE BUSINESS.--The requirements of this paragraph are met if the royalties described in paragraph (1)--
"(A) are received by a corporation engaged in the active conduct of the trade or business of developing, manufacturing, or producing computer software, and
"(B) are attributable to computer software which--
"(i) is developed, manufactured, or produced by such corporation (or its predecessor) in connection with the trade or business described in subparagraph (A), or
"(ii) is directly related to such trade or business.
"(4) DEDUCTIONS UNDER SECTIONS 162 AND 174 RELATING TO ROYALTIES MUST EQUAL OR EXCEED 25 PERCENT OF ORDINARY GROSS INCOME.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The requirements of this paragraph are met if--
"(i) the sum of the deductions allowable to the corporation under sections 162, 174, and 195 for the taxable year which are properly allocable to the trade or business described in paragraph (2) equals or exceeds 25 percent of the ordinary gross income of such corporation for such taxable year, or
"(ii) the average of such deductions for the 5-taxable year period ending with such taxable year equals or exceeds 25 percent of the average ordinary gross income of such corporation for such period.
If a corporation has not been in existence during the 5-taxable year period described in clause (ii), then the period of existence of such corporation shall be substituted for such 5-taxable year period.
"(B) DEDUCTIONS ALLOWABLE UNDER SECTION 162.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), a deduction shall not be treated as allowable under section 162 if it is specifically allowable under another section.
"(C) LIMITATION ON ALLOWABLE DEDUCTIONS.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), no deduction shall be taken into account with respect to compensation for personal services rendered by the 5 individual shareholders holding the largest percentage (by value) of the outstanding stock of the corporation. For purposes of the preceding sentence--
"(i) individuals holding less than 5 percent (by value) of the stock of such corporation shall not be taken into account, and
"(ii) stock deemed to be owned by a shareholder solely by attribution from a partner under section 544(a)(2) shall be disregarded.
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The requirements of this paragraph are met if the sum of--
"(i) the dividends paid during the taxable year (determined under section 562),
"(ii) the dividends considered as paid on the last day of the taxable year under section 563(c) (as limited by the second sentence of section 563(b)), and
"(iii) the consent dividends for the taxable year (determined under section 565),
equals or exceeds the amount, if any, by which the personal holding company income for the taxable year exceeds 10 percent of the ordinary gross income of such corporation for such taxable year.
"(B) COMPUTATION OF PERSONAL HOLDING COMPANY INCOME.--For purposes of this paragraph, personal holding company income shall be computed--
"(i) without regard to amounts described in subsection (a)(1)(C),
"(ii) without regard to interest income during any taxable year--
"(I) which is in the 5-taxable year period beginning with the later of the 1st taxable year of the corporation or the 1st taxable year in which the corporation conducted the trade or business described in paragraph (2)(A), and
"(II) during which the corporation meets the requirements of paragraphs (2), (3), and (4), and
"(iii) by including adjusted income from rents and adjusted income from mineral, oil, and gas royalties (within the meaning of paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (a)).
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In any case in which--
"(i) the taxpayer receives royalties in connection with the licensing of computer software, and
"(ii) another corporation which is a member of the same affiliated group as the taxpayer meets the requirements of paragraphs (2), (3), (4), and (5) with respect to such computer software,
the taxpayer shall be treated as having met such requirements.
"(B) AFFILIATED GROUP.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'affiliated group' has the meaning given such term by section 1504(a)."
(3) FOREIGN PERSONAL HOLDING COMPANY INCOME.--Paragraph (1) of section 553(a) (defining foreign personal holding company income) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new sentence: "This paragraph shall not apply to active business computer software royalties (as defined in section 543(d))."
(4) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(A) Section 543(a)(4) (relating to copyright royalties) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new sentence: "This paragraph shall not apply to active business computer software royalties.".
(B) Section 543(b)(3) (relating to adjusted income from rents) is amended--
(i) by striking out "or" at the end of subparagraph (C),
(ii) by striking out the period at the end of subparagraph (D) and inserting in lieu thereof ", or", and
(iii) by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(E) active business computer software royalties (as defined in subsection (d))."
(1) any securities or money market instruments held as inventory,
(2) margin accounts, or
(3) any financing for a customer secured by securities or money market instruments.
(c) SPECIAL RULE FOR ROYALTIES RECEIVED BY QUALIFIED TAXPAYER.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Any qualified royalty received or accrued in taxable years beginning after December 31, 1981, by a qualified taxpayer shall be treated in the same manner as a royalty with respect to software is treated under the amendments made by this section.
(2) QUALIFIED TAXPAYER.--For purposes of this subsection, a qualified taxpayer is any taxpayer incorporated on September 7, 1978, which is engaged in the trade or business of manufacturing dolls and accessories.
(3) QUALIFIED ROYALTY.--For purposes of this subsection, the term "qualified royalty" means any royalty arising from an agreement entered into in 1982 which permits the licensee to manufacture and sell dolls and accessories.
(d) SPECIAL RULE FOR TREATMENT OF ACTIVE BUSINESS COMPUTER ROYALTIES FOR S CORPORATION PURPOSES.--In the case of a taxpayer which was incorporated on May 3, 1977, in California and which elected to be taxed as an S corporation for its taxable year ending on December 31, 1985, any active business computer royalties (within the meaning of section 543(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as added by this Act) which are received by the taxpayer in taxable years beginning after December 31, 1984, shall not be treated as passive investment income (within the meaning of section 1362(d)(3)(D)) for purposes of subchapter S of chapter 1 of such Code.
(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply to royalties received before, on, and after December 31, 1986.
SEC. 646. CERTAIN ENTITIES NOT TREATED AS CORPORATIONS.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, if the entity described in subsection (b) makes an election under subsection (c), such entity shall be treated as a trust to which subpart E of part 1 of subchapter J of chapter 1 of such Code applies.
(b) ENTITY.--An entity is described in this subsection if--
(1) such entity was created in 1906 as a common law trust and is governed by the trust laws of the State of Minnesota,
(2) such entity receives royalties from iron ore leases, and
(3) income interests in such entity are publicly traded on a national stock exchange.
(c) ELECTION.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--An election under this subsection to have the provisions of this section apply--
(A) shall be made by the board of trustees of the entity, and
(B) shall not be valid unless accompanied by an agreement described in paragraph (2).
(2) AGREEMENT.--The agreement described in this paragraph is a written agreement signed by the board of trustees of the entity which provides that the entity will not--
(A) sell any trust property,
(B) purchase any additional trust properties, or
(C) receive any income other than--
(i) income from long-term mineral leases, or
(ii) interest or other income attributable to ordinary and necessary reserves of the entity.
(A) beginning on the first day of the first taxable year beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act and following the taxable year in which the election is made. and
(B) ending as of the close of the taxable year preceding the taxable year in which the entity ceases to be described in subsection (b) or violates any term of the agreement under paragraph (2).
(4) MANNER OF ELECTION.--Any election under this subsection shall be made in such manner as the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate may prescribe.
(d) SPECIAL RULES FOR TAXATION OF TRUST.--
(1) ELECTION TREATED AS A LIQUIDATION.--If an election is made under subsection (c) with respect to any entity--
(A) such entity shall be treated as having been liquidated into a trust immediately before the period described in subsection (c)(3) in a liquidation to which section 333 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (as in effect before the amendments made by this Act) applies, and
(B) any person holding an interest in the property held by such entity as of such time shall be treated as a qualified electing shareholder for purposes of section 333 of such Code (as so in effect).
(2) TERMINATION OF ELECTION.--If an entity ceases to be described in subsection (b) or violates any term of the agreement described in subsection (c)(2), then the tax imposed on such entity for the taxable year in which such cessation or violation occurs shall be increased by the sum of--
(A) the amount of taxes which would have been imposed on such entity during any taxable year with respect to which an election under subsection (c) was in effect if such election had not been in effect, plus
(B) interest determined for the period--
(i) beginning on the due date for any such taxable year, and
(ii) ending on the due date for the taxable year in which such cessation or violation occurs,
(3) TRUST CEASING TO EXIST.--Paragraph (2) shall not apply if the trust ceases to be described in subsection (b) or violates the agreement in subsection (c)(2) because the trust ceases to exist or by reason of subsection (e).
(e) TERMINATION OF ELECTION.--Any election under subsection (c) shall not apply to any taxable year beginning more than 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act unless the trust petitions a court of competent jurisdiction and the court acts to remove from the trust instrument any powers deemed by the court to be inconsistent with the operation of the entity as a trust for tax purposes (as described in an Internal Revenue Service ruling dated November 1, 1983).
SEC. 647. SPECIAL RULE FOR DISPOSITION OF STOCK OF SUBSIDIARY.
If for a taxable year of an affiliated group filing a consolidated return ending on or before December 31, 1987, there is a disposition of stock of a subsidiary (within the meaning of Treasury Regulation section 1.1502-19), the amount required to be included in income with respect to such disposition under Treasury Regulation section 1.1502-19(a) shall, notwithstanding such section, be included in income ratably over the 15-year period beginning with the taxable year in which the disposition occurs. The preceding sentence shall apply only if such subsidiary was incorporated on December 24, 1969, and is a participant in a mineral joint venture with a corporation organized under the laws of the foreign country in which the joint venture mineral project is located.
SEC. 651. EXCISE TAX ON UNDISTRIBUTED INCOME OF REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Chapter 44 (relating to real estate investment trusts) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section:
"SEC. 4982. EXCISE TAX ON UNDISTRIBUTED INCOME OF REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
"(a) IMPOSITION OF TAX.--There is hereby imposed a tax on every regulated investment company for each calendar year equal to 4 percent of the excess (if any) of--
"(1) the required distribution for such calendar year, over
"(2) the distributed amount for such calendar year.
"(b) REQUIRED DISTRIBUTION.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'required distribution' means, with respect to any calendar year, the sum of--
"(A) 97 percent of the regulated investment company's ordinary income for such calendar year, plus
"(B) 90 percent of the regulated investment company's capital gain net income for the 1-year period ending on October 31 of such calendar year.
"(2) INCREASE BY PRIOR YEAR SHORTFALL.--The amount determined under paragraph (1) for any calendar year shall be increased by the excess (if any) of--
"(A) the grossed up required distribution for the preceding calendar year, over
"(B) the distributed amount for such preceding calendar year.
"(3) GROSSED UP REQUIRED DISTRIBUTION.--The grossed up required distribution for any calendar year is the required distribution for such year determined--
"(A) with the application of paragraph (2) to such taxable year, and
"(B) by substituting '100 percent' for each percentage set forth in paragraph (1).
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'distributed amount' means, with respect to any calendar year, the sum of--
"(A) the deduction for dividends paid (as defined in section 561) during such calendar year, and
"(B) any amount on which tax is imposed under subsection (b)(1) or (b)(3)(A) of section 852 for any taxable year ending in such calendar year.
"(2) INCREASE BY PRIOR YEAR OVERDISTRIBUTION.--The amount determined under paragraph (1) for any calendar year shall be increased by the excess (if any) of--
"(A) the distributed amount for the preceding calendar year (determined with the application of this paragraph to such preceding calendar year), over
"(B) the grossed up required distribution for such preceding calendar year.
"(3) DETERMINATION OF DIVIDENDS PAID.--The amount of the dividends paid during any calendar year shall be determined without regard to--
"(A) the provisions of section 855, and
"(B) any exempt-interest dividend as defined in section 852(b)(5).
"(e) DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) ORDINARY INCOME.--The term 'ordinary income means the investment company taxable income (as defined in section 852(b)(2)) determined--
"(A) without regard to subparagraphs (A) and (D) of section 852(b)(2),
"(B) by not taking into account any gain or loss from the sale or exchange of a capital asset, and
"(C) by treating the calendar year as the company's taxable year.
"(2) CAPITAL GAIN NET INCOME.--The term 'capital gain net income' has the meaning given to such term by section 1222(9) (determined by treating the 1-year period ending on October 31 of any calendar year as the company's taxable year).
"(3) TREATMENT OF DEFICIENCY DISTRIBUTIONS.--In the case of any deficiency dividend (as defined in section 860(f))--
"(A) such dividend shall be taken into account when paid without regard to section 860, and
"(B) any income giving rise to the adjustment shall be treated as arising when the dividend is paid.
"(4) ELECTION TO USE TAXABLE YEAR IN CERTAIN CASES.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If--
"(i) the taxable year of the regulated investment company ends with the month of November or December, and
"(ii) such company makes an election under this paragraph,
subsection (b)(1)(B) and paragraph (2) of this subsection shall be applied by taking into account the company's taxable year in lieu of the 1-year period ending on October 31 of the calendar year.
"(B) ELECTION REVOCABLE ONLY WITH CONSENT.--An election under this paragraph, once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary."
(1) TIME CERTAIN DIVIDENDS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--
(A) Subsection (b) of section 852 (relating to method of taxation of regulated investment companies and their shareholders) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(6) TIME CERTAIN DIVIDENDS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--For purposes of this title, any dividend declared by a regulated investment company in December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such month shall be deemed--
"(A) to have been received by each shareholder on such date, and
"(B) to have been paid by such company on such date (or, if earlier, as provided in section 855).
The preceding sentence shall apply only if such dividend is actually paid by the company before February 1 of the following calendar year."
(B) Subsection (b) of section 855 is amended by striking out "Amounts" and inserting in lieu thereof "Except as provided in section 852(b)(6), amounts".
(2) TREATMENT OF EARNINGS AND PROFITS.--Subsection (c) of section 852 is amended to read as follows:
"(c) EARNINGS AND PROFITS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The earnings and profits of a regulated investment company for any taxable year (but not its accumulated earnings and profits) shall not be reduced by any amount which is not allowable as a deduction in computing its taxable income for such taxable year. For purposes of this subsection, the term 'regulated investment company' includes a domestic corporation which is a regulated investment company determined without regard to the requirements of subsection (a).
"(2) COORDINATION WITH TAX ON UNDISTRIBUTED INCOME.--A regulated investment company shall be treated as having sufficient earnings and profits to treat as a dividend any distribution (other than in a redemption to which section 302(a) applies) which is treated as a dividend by such company. The preceding sentence shall not apply to the extent that the amount distributed during any calendar year by the company exceeds the required distribution for such calendar year (as determined under section 4982)."
(3) TREATMENT OF NET CAPITAL LOSS AFTER OCTOBER 31 OF ANY YEAR.--Subparagraph (C) of section 852(b)(3) (defining capital gain dividend) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new sentences: "For purposes of this subparagraph, the amount of the net capital gain for a taxable year (to which an election under section 4982(e)(4) does not apply) shall be determined without regard to any net capital loss attributable to transactions after October 31 of such year, and any such net capital loss shall be treated as arising on the 1st day of the next taxable year. To the extent provided in regulations, the preceding sentence shall apply also for purposes of computing regulated investment company taxable income."
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.--Chapter 44 is amended by striking out the chapter heading and the table of sections and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
"CHAPTER 44--QUALIFIED INVESTMENT ENTITIES
"Sec. 4981. Excise tax on undistributed income of real estate investment trusts.
"Sec. 4982. Excise tax on undistributed income of regulated investment companies."
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to calendar years beginning after December 31, 1986.
SEC. 652. TREATMENT OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Paragraph (1) of section 851(a) is amended by striking out "either as a management company or as a unit investment trust" and inserting in lieu thereof "as a management company, business development company, or unit investment trust".
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.--Paragraph (1) of section 851(e) (relating to investment companies furnishing capital to development corporations) is amended by striking out "registered management company" and inserting in lieu thereof "registered management company or registered business development company".
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
SEC. 653. AMENDMENTS TO QUALIFICATION RULES.
(a) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN HEDGING TRANSACTIONS.--Section 851 (defining regulated investment company) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(g) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN HEDGING TRANSACTIONS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any designated hedge, for purposes of subsection (b)(3), increases (and decreases) during the period of the hedge in the value of positions which are part of such hedge shall be netted.
"(2) DESIGNATED HEDGE.--For purposes of this subsection, there is a designated hedge where--
"(A) the taxpayer's risk of loss with respect to any position in property is reduced by reason of--
"(i) the taxpayer having an option to sell, being under a contractual option to sell, or having made (and not closed) a short sale of substantially identical property,
"(ii) the taxpayer being the grantor of an option to buy substantially identical property, or
"(iii) under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the taxpayer holding 1 or more other positions, and
"(B) the positions which are part of the hedge are clearly identified by the taxpayer in the manner prescribed by regulations."
"(as defined in section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended) or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies;".
(c) FOREIGN CURRENCY GAINS.--Subsection (b) of section 851 is amended by inserting before the last sentence thereof the following new sentence:
"For purposes of paragraph (2), the Secretary may by regulation exclude from qualifying income foreign currency gains which are not ancillary to the company's principal business of investing in stock or securities (or options and futures with respect to stock or securities)."
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 654. TREATMENT OF SERIES FUNDS AS SEPARATE CORPORATIONS.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 851 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(q) SPECIAL RULE FOR SERIES FUNDS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a regulated investment company (within the meaning of subsection (a)) having more than one fund, each fund of such regulated investment company shall be treated as a separate corporation for purposes of this title (except with respect to the definitional requirement of subsection (a)).
"(2) FUND DEFINED.--For purposes of paragraph (1) the term 'fund' means a segregated portfolio of assets, the beneficial interests in which are owned by the holders of a class or series of stock of the regulated investment company that is preferred over all other classes or series in respect of such portfolio of assets."
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(2) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN EXISTING SERIES FUNDS.--In the case of a regulated investment company which has more than one fund on the date of the enactment of this act, and has before such date been treated for Federal income tax purposes as a single corporation--
(A) the amendment made by subsection (a), and the resulting treatment of each fund as a separate corporation, shall not give rise to the realization or recognition of income or loss by such regulated investment company, its funds, or its shareholders, and
(B) the tax attributes of such regulated investment company shall be appropriately allocated among its funds.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--The following provisions are each amended by striking out "45 days" each place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof "60 days":
(1) Paragraph (3) of subsection 852(b).
(2) Subparagraph (A) of paragraph 852(b)(5).
(3) Subsection (c) of section 853.
(4) Paragraph (2) of subsection 854(b).
(5) Subsection (c) of section 855.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 656. PROTECTION OF MUTUAL FUNDS RECEIVING THIRD-PARTY SUMMONSES.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Paragraph (3) of subsection 7609(a) is amended--
(1) by striking out "and" at the end of subparagraph (F);
(2) by striking out the period at the end of subparagraph (G) and inserting in lieu thereof"; and"; and
(3) by adding the following new subparagraph:
"(H) any regulated investment company (as defined in section 851) and any agent of such regulated investment company when acting as an agent thereof."
SEC. 657. CERTAIN DISTRIBUTIONS NOT TREATED AS PREFERENTIAL DIVIDENDS.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subsection (c) of section 562 (relating to preferential dividends) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new sentence: "In the case of a distribution by a regulated investment company to a shareholder who made an initial investment of at least $10,000,000 in such company, such distribution shall not be treated as not being pro rata or as being preferential solely by reason of an increase in the distribution by reason of reductions in administrative expenses of the company."
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to distributions after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 661. GENERAL QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.
(a) MODIFICATION OF CLOSELY-HELD REQUIREMENTS.--
(1) Paragraph (6) of section 856(a) is amended to read as follows:
"(6) which is not closely held (as determined under subsection (h)); and".
(2) Section 856 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(h) CLOSELY HELD DETERMINATIONS.--
"(1) SECTION 542(a)(2) APPLIED.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of subsection (a)(6), a corporation, trust, or association is closely held if the stock ownership requirement of section 542(a)(2) is met.
"(B) WAIVER OF PARTNERSHIP ATTRIBUTION, ETC.--For purposes of subparagraph (A)--
"(i) paragraph (2) of section 544(a) shall be applied as if such paragraph did not contain the phrase 'or by or for his partner', and
"(ii) sections 544(a)(4)(A) and 544(b)(1) shall be applied by substituting 'the entity meet the stock ownership requirement of section 542(a)(2)' for 'the corporation a personal holding company'.
(b) REQUIREMENT OF NO EARNINGS AND PROFITS ACCUMULATED IN NON-REIT YEARS.--Subsection (a) of section 857 is amended by striking out "and" at the end of paragraph (1), by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting in lieu thereof ", and", and by adding at the end thereof the following:
"(3) either--
"(A) the provisions of this part apply to the real estate investment trust for all taxable years beginning after February 28, 1986, or
"(B) as of the close of the taxable year, the real estate investment trust has no earnings and profits accumulated in any non-REIT year.
For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term 'non-REIT year' means any taxable year to which the provisions of this part did not apply with respect to the entity."
(c) INITIAL CHANGE IN ANNUAL ACCOUNTING PERIOD PERMITTED.--
(1) Section 859 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(b) CHANGE OF ACCOUNTING PERIOD WITHOUT APPROVAL.--Notwithstanding section 442, an entity which has not engaged in any active trade or business may change its accounting period to a calendar year without the approval of the Secretary if such change is in connection with an election under section 856(c)."
(2) Section 859 is amended by striking out "For purposes of" and inserting in lieu thereof "(a) GENERAL RULE.--For purposes of".
(a) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARIES.--Section 856 (defining real estate investment trust) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(i) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARIES.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this title--
"(A) a corporation which is a qualified REIT subsidiary shall not be treated as a separate corporation, and
"(B) all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary shall be treated as assets, liabilities, and such items (as the case may be) of the real estate investment trust.
"(2) QUALIFIED REIT SUBSIDIARY.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'qualified REIT subsidiary' means any corporation if 100 percent of the stock of such corporation is held by the real estate investment trust at all times during the period such corporation was in existence.
"(3) TREATMENT OF TERMINATION OF QUALIFIED SUBSIDIARY STATUS.--For purposes of this subtitle, if any corporation which was a qualified REIT subsidiary ceases to meet the requirements of paragraph (2), such corporation shall be treated as a new corporation acquiring all of its assets (and assuming all of its liabilities) immediately before such cessation from the real estate investment trust in exchange for its stock."
(b) TEMPORARY INVESTMENT OF NEW EQUITY CAPITAL.--
(1) Paragraph (3) of section 856(c) is amended by striking out "and" at the end of subparagraph (G), by adding "and" at the end of subparagraph (H), and by inserting after subparagraph (H) the following new subparagraph:
(3) Paragraph (6) of section 856(c) is amended by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E) and by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following new subparagraph:
"(D) QUALIFIED TEMPORARY INVESTMENT INCOME.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified temporary investment income' means any income which--
"(I) is attributable to stock or a debt instrument,
"(II) is attributable to the temporary investment of new capital, and
"(III) is received or accrued during the 1-year period beginning on the date on which the real estate investment trust receives such capital.
"(ii) NEW CAPITAL.--The term 'new capital' means any amount received by the real estate investment trust--
"(I) in exchange for stock in such trust (other than amounts received pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan), or
"(II) in a public offering of debt obligations of such trust which have maturities of at least 5 years.
"(j) TREATMENT OF SHARED APPRECIATION MORTGAGES.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Solely for purposes of subsection (c) of this section and section 857(b)(6), any income derived from a shared appreciation provision shall be treated as gain recognized on the sale of the secured property.
"(2) TREATMENT OF INCOME.--For purposes of applying subsection (c) of this section and section 857(b)(6) to any income described in paragraph (1)--
"(A) the real estate investment trust shall be treated as holding the secured property for the period during which it held the shared appreciation provision (or, if shorter, for the period during which the secured property was held by the person holding such property), and
"(B) the secured property shall be treated as property described in section 1221(l) if it is so described in the hands of the person holding the secured property (or it would be so described if held by the real estate investment trust).
"(3) COORDINATION WITH PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS SAFE HARBOR.--For purposes of section 857(b)(6)(C)--
"(A) the real estate investment trust shall be treated as having sold the secured property when it recognizes any income described in paragraph (1), and
"(B) any expenditures made by any holder of the secured property shall be treated as made by the real estate investment trust.
"(4) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) SHARED APPRECIATION PROVISION.--The term 'shared appreciation provision' means any provision--
"(i) which is in connection with an obligation which is held by the real estate investment trust and is secured by an interest in real property, and
"(ii) which entitles the real estate investment trust to receive a specified portion of any gain realized on the sale or exchange of such real property (or of any gain which would be realized if the property were sold on a specified date).
"(B) SECURED PROPERTY.--The term 'secured property' means the real property referred to in subparagraph (A)."
(a) MODIFICATION OF INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR REQUIREMENTS.--Paragraph (2) of section 856(d) (relating to certain amounts excluded from rents from real property) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
"Subparagraph (C) shall not apply with respect to any amount if such amount would be excluded from unrelated business taxable income under section 512(b)(3) if received by an organization described in section 511(a)(2)."
(b) CERTAIN RENTS OR INTEREST BASED ON NET INCOME OR PROFITS PERMITTED.--
(1) RENTS.--Subsection (d) of section 856 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(6) SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN PROPERTY SUBLEASED BY TENANT OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If--
"(i) a real estate investment trust receives or accrues, with respect to real or personal property, amounts from a tenant which derives substantially all of its income with respect to such property from the subleasing of substantially all of such property, and
"(ii) such tenant receives or accrues, directly or indirectly, from subtenants only amounts which are qualified rents,
then the amounts that the trust receives or accrues from the tenant shall not be excluded from the term 'rents from real property' solely by reason of being based on the income or profits of such tenant.
"(B) QUALIFIED RENTS.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'qualified rents' means any amount which would be treated as rents from real property if received by the real estate investment trust."
(2) INTEREST.--Subsection (f) of section 856 (relating to qualifying interest income) is amended to read as follows:
"(f) INTEREST.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of paragraphs (2)(B) and (3)(B) of subsection (c), the term 'interest' does not include any amount received or accrued (directly or indirectly) if the determination of such amount depends (in whole or in part) on the income or profits of any person, except that--
"(A) any amount so received or accrued shall not be excluded from the term 'interest' solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales, and
"(B) any amount so received or accrued with respect to an obligation secured by a mortgage on real property or an interest in real property shall not be excluded from the term 'interest' solely by reason of being based on the income or profits of the debtor from such property, if--
"(i) the debtor derives substantially all of its gross income with respect to such property from the leasing of substantially all of its interests in such property to tenants, and
"(ii) the amounts received or accrued directly or indirectly by the debtor from such tenants are only qualified rents (as defined in subsection (d)(6)(B)).
(3) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Subparagraph (A) of section 856(d)(2) is amended by striking out "paragraph (4)" and inserting in lieu thereof "paragraphs (4) and (6)".
(a) EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN NONCASH INCOME FROM DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT.--Subparagraph (B) of section 857(a)(1) (relating to distribution requirements) is amended to read as follows:
"(e) EXCESS NONCASH INCOME.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of subsection (a)(1)(B), the term 'excess noncash income means the excess (if any) of--
"(A) the amount determined under paragraph (2) for the taxable year, over
"(B) 5 percent of the real estate investment trust taxable income for the taxable year determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid (as defined in section 561) and by excluding any net capital gain.
"(2) DETERMINATION OF AMOUNT.--The amount determined under this paragraph for the taxable year is the sum of--
"(A) the amount (if any) by which--
"(i) the amounts includible in gross income under section 467 (relating to certain payments for the use of property or services), exceed
"(ii) the amounts which would have been includible in gross income without regard to such section,
"(B) in the case of a real estate investment trust using the cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting, the amount (if any) by which--
"(i) the amounts includible in gross income as original issue discount on instruments to which section 1274 (relating to certain debt instruments issued for property) applies, exceed
"(ii) the amount of money and the fair market value of other property received during the taxable year under such instruments; plus
"(C) any income on the disposition of a real estate asset if--
"(i) there is a determination (as defined in section 860(e)) that such income is not eligible for nonrecognition under section 1031, and
"(ii) failure to meet the requirements of section 1031 was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect."
(a) COORDINATION OF NET OPERATING LOSS DEDUCTION WITH PAYMENT OF CAPITAL GAIN DIVIDENDS.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (3) of section 857(b) (relating to capital gains) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subparagraph:
"(D) COORDINATION WITH NET OPERATING LOSS PROVISIONS.--For purposes of section 172, if a real estate investment trust pays capital gain dividends during any taxable year, the amount of the net capital gain for such taxable year (to the extent such gain does not exceed the amount of such capital gain dividends) shall be excluded in determining--
"(i) the net operating loss for the taxable year, and
"(ii) the amount of the net operating loss of any prior taxable year which may be carried through such taxable year under section 172(b)(2) to a succeeding taxable year."
(b) NOTICE OF CAPITAL GAINS DIVIDENDS MAY BE MAILED WITH ANNUAL REPORT.--
(1) Subparagraph (C) of section 857(b)(3) (defining capital gain dividend) is amended by striking out "the close of its taxable year" and inserting in lieu thereof "the close of its taxable year (or mailed to its shareholders or holders of beneficial interests with its annual report for the taxable year)".
(2) Subsection (c) of section 858 (relating to notice to share-holders) is amended by striking out "distribution is made" and inserting in lieu thereof "distribution is made (or mailed to its shareholders or holders of beneficial interests with its annual report for the taxable year)".
(a) EXEMPTIONS FROM PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS RULES.--
(1) Clause (iii) of section 857(b)(6)(C) (relating to certain sales not to constitute prohibited transactions) is amended to read as follows:
(3) Subparagraph (C) of section 857(b)(6) is amended by striking out "and" at the end of clause (iii), by striking out the period at the end of clause (iv) and inserting in lieu thereof "; and", and by inserting after clause (iv) the following new clause:
(1) LOSS FROM PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS NOT ALLOWED TO OFFSET GAIN FROM SUCH TRANSACTIONS.--Clause (ii) of section 857(b)(6)(B) (relating to income from prohibited transactions) is amended to read as follows:
(a) GENERAL RULE.--The section heading and subsection (a) of section 6697 (relating to assessable penalties with respect to liability for tax of qualified investment entities) are amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 6697. ASSESSABLE PENALTIES WITH RESPECT TO LIABILITY FOR TAX OF REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
"(a) CIVIL PENALTY.--In addition to any other penalty provided by law, any regulated investment company whose tax liability for any taxable year is deemed to be increased pursuant to section 860(c)(1)(A) shall pay a penalty in an amount equal to the amount of the interest (for which such company is liable) which is attributable solely to such increase."
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.
(1) Subsection (j) of section 860 is amended by striking out "qualified investment entity" and inserting in lieu thereof "regulated investment company".
(2) The table of sections for subchapter B of chapter 68 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 6697 and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
SEC. 668. EXCISE TAX ON UNDISTRIBUTED INCOME OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 4981 is amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 4981. EXCISE TAX ON UNDISTRIBUTED INCOME OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS.
"(a) IMPOSITION OF TAX.--There is hereby imposed a tax on every real estate investment trust for each calendar year equal to 4 percent of the excess (if any) of--
"(1) the required distribution for such calendar year, over
"(2) the distributed amount for such calendar year.
"(b) REQUIRED DISTRIBUTION.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'required distribution' means, with respect to any calendar year, the sum of--
"(A) 85 percent of the real estate investment trust's ordinary income for such calendar year, plus
"(B) 95 percent of the real estate investment trust's capital gain net income for such calendar year.
"(2) INCREASE BY PRIOR YEAR SHORTFALL.--The amount determined under paragraph (1) for any calendar year shall be increased by the excess (if any) of--
"(A) the grossed up required distribution for the preceding calendar year, over
"(B) the distributed amount for such preceding calendar year.
"(3) GROSSED UP REQUIRED DISTRIBUTION.--The grossed up required distribution for any calendar year is the required distribution for such year determined--
"(A) with the application of paragraph (2) to such taxable year, and
"(B) by substituting '100 percent' for each percentage set forth in paragraph (1).
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'distributed amount' means, with respect to any calendar year, the sum of--
"(A) the deduction for dividends paid (as defined in section 561) during such calendar year, and
"(B) any amount on which tax is imposed under subsection (b)(1) or (b)(3)(A) of section 857 for any taxable year ending in such calendar year.
"(2) INCREASE BY PRIOR YEAR OVERDISTRIBUTION.--The amount determined under paragraph (1) for any calendar year shall be increased by the excess (if any) of--
"(A) the distributed amount for the preceding calendar year (determined with the application of this paragraph to such preceding calendar year), over
"(B) the grossed up required distribution for such preceding calendar year.
"(3) DETERMINATION OF DIVIDENDS PAID.--The amount of the dividends paid during any calendar year shall be determined without regard to the provisions of section 858.
"(d) TIME FOR PAYMENT OF TAX.--The tax imposed by this section for any calendar year shall be paid on or before March 15 of the following calendar year.
"(e) DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) ORDINARY INCOME.--The term 'ordinary income' means the real estate investment trust taxable income (as defined in section 857(b)(2)) determined--
"(A) without regard to subparagraph (B) of section 857(b)(2),
"(B) by not taking into account any gain or loss from the sale or exchange of a capital asset, and
"(C) by treating the calendar year as the trust's taxable year.
"(2) CAPITAL GAIN NET INCOME.--The term 'capital gain net income' has the meaning given to such term by section 1222(9) (determined by treating the calendar year as the trust's taxable year).
"(3) TREATMENT OF DEFICIENCY DISTRIBUTIONS.--In the case of any deficiency dividend (as defined in section 860(f))--
"(A) such dividend shall be taken into account when paid without regard to section 860, and
"(B) any income giving rise to the adjustment shall be treated as arising when the dividend is paid."
(1) TIME CERTAIN DIVIDENDS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--
(A) Subsection (b) of section 857 (relating to method of taxation of real estate investment trusts and holders of interests therein) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(8) TIME CERTAIN DIVIDENDS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.--For purposes of this title, any dividend declared by a real estate investment trust in December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such month shall be deemed--
"(A) to have been received by each shareholder on such date, and
"(B) to have been paid by such trust on such date (or, if earlier, as provided in section 858).
The preceding sentence shall apply only if such dividend is actually paid by the company before February 1 of the following calendar year."
(B) Subsection (b) of section 856 is amended by striking out "Amounts" and inserting in lieu thereof "Except as provided in section 857(b)(8), amounts".
(2) TREATMENT OF EARNINGS AND PROFITS.--Subsection (d) of section 857 is amended to read as follows:
"(d) EARNINGS AND PROFITS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The earnings and profits of a real estate investment trust for any taxable year (but not its accumulated earnings) shall not be reduced by any amount which is not allowable in computing its taxable income for such taxable year. For purposes of this subsection, the term 'real estate investment trust' includes a domestic corporation, trust, or association which is a real estate investment trust determined without regard to the requirements of subsection (a).
"(2) COORDINATION WITH TAX ON UNDISTRIBUTED INCOME.--A real estate investment trust shall be treated as having sufficient earnings and profits to treat as a dividend any distribution (other than in a redemption to which section 302(a) applies) which is treated as a dividend by such trust. The preceding sentence shall not apply to the extent that the amount distributed during any calendar year by the trust exceeds the required distribution for such calendar year (as determined under section 4981)."
(3) TREATMENT OF NET CAPITAL GAIN AFTER OCTOBER 31 OF ANY YEAR.--Subparagraph (C) of section 857(b)(3) (defining capital gain dividend) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new sentences:
"For purposes of this subparagraph, the amount of the net capital gain for any taxable year which is not a calendar year shall be determined without regard to any net capital loss attributable to transactions after December 31 of such year, and any such net capital loss such be treated as arising on the 1st day of the next taxable year. To the extent provided in regulations. the preceding sentence shall apply also for purposes of computing real estate investment trust taxable income."
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, the amendments made by this part shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(b) SECTION 668.--The amendments made by section 668 shall apply to calendar years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(c) RETENTION OF EXISTING TRANSITIONAL RULE.--The amendment made by section 663(b)(2) shall not apply with respect to amounts received or accrued pursuant to loans made before May 28, 1976. For purposes of the preceding sentence, a loan is considered to be made before May 28, 1976, if such loan is made pursuant to a binding commitment entered into before May 28, 1976.
SEC. 671. TAXATION OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE INVESTMENT CONDUCTS.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subchapter M of chapter 1 (relating to regulated investment companies and real estate investment trusts) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new part:
"PART IV--REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE INVESTMENT CONDUITS
"Sec. 860A. Taxation of REMIC's.
"Sec. 860B. Taxation of holders of regular interests
"Sec. 860C. Taxation of residual interests
"Sec. 860D. REMIC defined.
"Sec. 860E. Treatment of income in excess of daily accruals on residual interests.
"Sec. 860F. Other rules.
"Sec. 860G. Other definitions and special rules
"SEC. 860A. TAXATION OF REMIC's.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--Except as otherwise provided in this part, a REMIC shall not be subject to taxation under this chapter (and shall not be treated as a corporation, partnership, or trust for purposes of this chapter).
"(b) INCOME TAXABLE TO HOLDERS.--The income of any REMIC shall be taxable to the holders of interests in such REMIC as provided in this part.
"SEC. 860B. TAXATION OF HOLDERS OF REGULAR INTERESTS
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--In determining the tax under this chapter of any holder of a regular interest in a REMIC, such interest (if not otherwise a debt instrument) shall be treated as a debt instrument.
"(b) HOLDERS MUST USE ACCRUAL METHOD.--The amounts includible in gross income with respect to any regular interest in a REMIC shall be determined under the accrual method of accounting.
"(c) PORTION OF GAIN TREATED AS ORDINARY INCOME.--Gain on the disposition of a regular interest shall be treated as ordinary income to the extent such gain does not exceed the excess (if any) of--
"(1) the amount which would have been includible in the gross income of the taxpayer with respect to such interest if the yield on such interest were 110 percent of the applicable Federal rate (as defined in section 1274(d) without regard to paragraph (2) thereof) as of the beginning of the taxpayer's holding period, over
"(2) the amount actually includible in gross income with respect to such interest by the taxpayer.
"(d) CROSS REFERENCE.--
"For special rules in determining inclusion of original issue discount on regular interests, see section 1272(a)(6).
"SEC. 860C. TAXATION OF RESIDUAL INTERESTS.
"(a) PASS-THRU OF INCOME OR LOSS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In determining the tax under this chapter of any holder of a residual interest in a REMIC, such holder shall take into account his daily portion of the taxable income or net loss of such REMIC for each day during the taxable year on which such holder held such interest.
"(2) DAILY PORTION.--The daily portion referred to in paragraph (1) shall be determined--
"(A) by allocating to each day in any calendar quarter its ratable portion of the taxable income (or net loss) for such quarter, and
"(B) by allocating the amount so allocated to any day among the holders (on such day) of residual interests in proportion to their respective holdings on such day.
"(1) TAXABLE INCOME.--The taxable income of a REMIC shall be determined under an accrual method of accounting and in the same manner as in the case of an individual, except that--
"(A) regular interests in such REMIC (if not otherwise debt instruments) shall be treated as indebtedness of such REMIC,
"(B) market discount on any market discount bond shall be included in gross income for the taxable years to which it is attributable as determined under the rules of section 1276(b)(2) (and sections 1276(a) and 1277 shall not apply),
"(C) there shall not be taken into account any item of income, gain, loss, or deduction allocable to a prohibited transaction, and
"(D) the deductions referred to in section 703(a)(2) (other than any deduction under section 212) shall not be allowed.
"(2) NET LOSS.--The net loss of any REMIC is the excess of--
"(A) the deductions allowable in computing the taxable income of such REMIC, over
"(B) its gross income.
Such amount shall be determined with the modifications set forth in paragraph (1).
"(c) DISTRIBUTIONS.--Any distribution by a REMIC--
"(1) shall not be included in gross income to the extent it does not exceed the adjusted basis of the interest, and
"(2) to the extent it exceeds the adjusted basis of the interest, shall be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of such interest.
"(d) BASIS RULES.--
"(1) INCREASE IN BASIS.--The basis of any person's residual interest in a REMIC shall be increased by the amount of the taxable income of such REMIC taken into account under subsection (a) by such person with respect to such interest.
"(2) DECREASES IN BASIS.--The basis of any person's residual interest in a REMIC shall be decreased (but not below zero) by the sum of the following amounts:
"(A) any distributions to such person with respect to such interest, and
"(B) any net loss of such REMIC taken into account under subsection (a) by such person with respect to such interest.
"(1) AMOUNTS TREATED AS ORDINARY INCOME.--Any amount included in the gross income of any holder of a residual interest in a REMIC by reason of subsection (a) shall be treated as ordinary income.
"(2) LIMITATION ON LOSSES.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The amount of the net loss of any REMIC taken into account by a holder under subsection (a) with respect to any calendar quarter shall not exceed the adjusted basis of such holder's residual interest in such REMIC as of the close of such calendar quarter (determined without regard to the adjustment under subsection (d)(2)(B) for such calendar quarter).
"(B) INDEFINITE CARRYFORWARD.--Any loss disallowed by reason of subparagraph (A) shall be treated as incurred by the REMIC in the succeeding calendar quarter with respect to such holder
"(3) CROSS REFERENCE.--
"For special treatment of income in excess of daily accruals, see section 860E.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--For purposes of this title, the terms 'real estate mortgage investment conduit' and 'REMIC' mean any entity--
"(1) to which an election to be treated as a REMIC applies for the taxable year and all prior taxable years,
"(2) all of the interests in which are regular interests or residual interests,
"(3) which has 1 (and only 1) class of residual interests (and all distributions, if any, with respect to such interests are pro rata),
"(4) as of the close of the 4th month ending after the startup day and each quarter ending thereafter, substantially all of the assets of which consist of qualified mortgages and permitted investments, and
"(5) which has a taxable year which is a calendar year.
"(b) ELECTION.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--An entity (otherwise meeting the requirements of subsection (a)) may elect to be treated as a REMIC for its 1st taxable year. Such an election shall be made on its return for such 1st taxable year. Except as provided in paragraph (2), such an election shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years.
"(2) TERMINATION.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If any entity ceases to be a REMIC at any time during the taxable year, such entity shall not be treated as a REMIC for such taxable year or any succeeding taxable year.
"(B) INADVERTENT TERMINATIONS.--If--
"(i) an entity ceases to be a REMIC,
"(ii) the Secretary determines that such cessation was inadvertent,
"(iii) no later than a reasonable time after the discovery of the event resulting in such cessation, steps are taken so that such entity is once more a REMIC. and
"(iv) such entity, and each person holding an interest in such entity at any time during the period specified pursuant to this subsection, agrees to make such adjustments (consistent with the treatment of such entity as a REMIC or a C corporation) as may be required by the Secretary with respect to such period.
then, notwithstanding such terminating event, such entity shall be treated as continuing to be a REMIC (or such cessation shall be disregarded for purposes of subparagraph (A)) whichever the Secretary determines to be appropriate.
"(a) EXCESS INCLUSIONS MAY NOT BE OFFSET BY NET OPERATING LOSSES.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the taxable income of any holder of a residual interest in a REMIC for any taxable year shall in no event be less than the excess inclusion for such taxable year.
"(2) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any organization to which section 593 applies. The Secretary may by regulations provide that the preceding sentence shall not apply where necessary or appropriate to prevent avoidance of tax imposed by this chapter.
"(b) ORGANIZATIONS SUBJECT TO UNRELATED BUSINESS TAX.--If the holder of any residual interest in a REMIC is an organization subject to the tax imposed by section 511, the excess inclusion of such holder for any taxable year shall be treated as unrelated business taxable income of such holder for purposes of section 511.
"(c) EXCESS INCLUSION.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'excess inclusion' means, with respect to any residual interest in a REMIC for any calendar quarter, the excess (if any) of--
"(A) the amount taken into account with respect to such interest by the holder under section 860C(a), over
"(B) the sum of the daily accruals with respect to such interest for days during such calendar quarter while held by such holder.
To the extent provided in regulations, if residual interests in a REMIC do not have significant value, the excess inclusions with respect to such interests shall be the amount determined under subparagraph (A) without regard to subparagraph (B).
"(2) DETERMINATION OF DAILY ACCRUALS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this subsection, the daily accrual with respect to any residual interest for any day in any calendar quarter shall be determined by allocating to each day in such quarter its ratable portion of the product of--
"(i) the adjusted issue price of such interest at the beginning of such quarter, and
"(ii) 120 percent of the long-term Federal rate (determined on the basis of compounding at the close of each calendar quarter and properly adjusted for the length of such quarter).
"(B) ADJUSTED ISSUE PRICE.--For purposes of this paragraph, the adjusted issue price of any residual interest at the beginning of any calendar quarter is the issue price of residual interest--
"(i) increased by the amount of daily accruals for prior quarters, and
"(ii) decreased by any distribution made with respect to such interest before the beginning of such quarter.
"(C) FEDERAL LONG-TERM RATE.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'Federal long-term rate' means the Federal long-term rate which would have applied to the residual interest under section 1274(d) (determined without regard to paragraph (2) thereof) if it were a debt instrument.
"(1) any excess of--
"(A) the aggregate excess inclusions determined with respect to such interests, over
"(B) the real estate investment trust taxable income (within the meaning of section 857(b)(2), excluding any net capital gain),
shall be allocated among the shareholders of such trust in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders from such trust, and
"(2) any amount allocated to a shareholder under paragraph (1) shall be treated as an excess inclusion with respect to a residual interest held by such shareholder.
"(a) 100 PERCENT TAX ON PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS.--
"(1) TAX IMPOSED.--There is hereby imposed for each taxable year of a REMIC a tax equal to 100 percent of the net income derived from prohibited transactions.
"(2) PROHIBITED TRANSACTION.--For purposes of this part, the term 'prohibited transaction' means--
"(A) DISPOSITION OF QUALIFIED MORTGAGE.--The disposition of any qualified mortgage transferred to the REMIC other than a disposition pursuant to--
"(i) the substitution of a qualified replacement mortgage for a qualified mortgage,
"(ii) a disposition incident to the foreclosure, default, or imminent default of the mortgage,
"(iii) the bankruptcy or insolvency of the real estate mortgage pool, or
"(iv) a qualified liquidation.
Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the term 'prohibited transaction' shall not include any disposition required to prevent default on a regular interest where the threatened default resulted from a default on 1 or more qualified mortgages.
"(B) INCOME FROM NONPERMITTED ASSETS.--The receipt of any income attributable to any asset which is neither a qualified mortgage nor a permitted investment.
"(C) COMPENSATION FOR SERVICES.--The receipt by the real estate mortgage pool of any amount representing a fee or other compensation for services.
"(D) GAIN FROM DISPOSITION OF CASH FLOW INVESTMENTS.--Gain from the disposition of any cash flow investment other than pursuant to any qualified liquidation described in subsection (b).
"(3) DETERMINATION OF NET INCOME.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'net income derived from prohibited transactions' means the excess of the gross income from prohibited transactions over the deductions allowed by this chapter which are directly connected with such transactions; except that there shall not be taken into account any item attributable to any prohibited transaction for which there was a loss.
"(4) QUALIFIED LIQUIDATION.--For purposes of this part--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified liquidation' means a transaction in which--
"(i) the REMIC adopts a plan of complete liquidation,
"(ii) such REMIC sells all its assets (other than cash) within the liquidation period, and
"(iii) all proceeds of the liquidation (plus the cash), less assets retained to meet claims, are credited or distributed to holders of regular or residual interests on or before the last day of the liquidation period.
"(B) LIQUIDATION PERIOD.--The term 'liquidation period' means the period--
"(i) beginning on the date of the adoption of the plan of liquidation, and
"(ii) ending at the close of the 90th day after such date.
"(1) TREATMENT OF TRANSFEROR.--
"(A) NONRECOGNITION GAIN OR LOSS.--No gain or loss shall be recognized to the transferor on the transfer of any property to a REMIC.
"(B) ADJUSTED BASES OF INTERESTS.--The adjusted bases of the regular and residual interests received in a transfer described in subparagraph (A) shall be equal to the aggregate adjusted bases of the property transferred in such transfer. Such amount shall be allocated among such interests in proportion to their respective fair market values.
"(C) TREATMENT OF NONRECOGNIZED GAIN.--If the issue price of any regular or residual interest exceeds its adjusted basis as determined under subparagraph (B), for periods during which such interest is held by the transferor (or by any other person whose basis is determined in whole or in part by reference to the basis of such interest in the hand of the transferor--
"(i) in the case of a regular interest, such excess shall be included in gross income (as determined under rules similar to rules of section 1276(b)), and
"(ii) in the case of a residual interest, such excess shall be included in gross income ratably over the anticipated period during which the real estate mortgage pool will be in existence.
"(D) TREATMENT OF NONRECOGNIZED LOSS.--If the adjusted basis of any regular or residual interest received in a transfer described in subparagraph (A) exceeds its issue price, for periods during which such interest is held by the transferor (or by any other person whose basis is determined in whole or in part by reference to the basis of such interest in the hand of the transferor)--
"(i) in the case of a regular interest, such excess shall be allowable as a deduction under rules similar to the rules of section 171, and
"(ii) in the case of a residual interest, such excess shall be allowable as a deduction ratably over the anticipated period during which the real estate mortgage pool will be in existence.
"(c) DISTRIBUTIONS OF PROPERTY.--If a REMIC makes a distribution of property with respect to any regular or residual interest--
"(1) notwithstanding any other provision of this subtitle, gain shall be recognized to such REMIC on the distribution in the same manner as if it had sold such property to the distributee at its fair market value, and
"(2) the basis of the distributee in such property shall be its fair market value.
"(d) COORDINATION WITH WASH SALE RULES.--For purposes of section 1091--
"(1) any residual interest in a REMIC shall be treated as a security, and
"(2) in applying such section to any loss claimed to have been sustained on the sale or other disposition of a residual interest in a REMIC--
"(A) except as provided in regulations, any residual interest in any REMIC and any interest in a taxable mortgage pool (as defined in section 7701(i)) comparable to a residual interest in a REMIC shall be treated as substantially identical stock or securities, and
"(B) subsections (a) and (e) of such section shall be applied by substituting '6 months' for '30 days' each place it appears.
"SEC. 860G. OTHER DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES.
"(a) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this part--
"(1) REGULAR INTEREST.--The term 'regular interest' means an interest in a REMIC the terms of which are fixed on the startup day, and which--
"(A) unconditionally entitles the holder to receive a specified principal amount (or other similar amount), and
"(B) provides that interest payments (or other similar amounts), if any, at or before maturity are payable based on a fixed rate (or to the extent provided in regulations, at a variable rate).
An interest shall not fail to meet the requirements of subparagraph (A) Merely because the timing (but not the amount) of the principal payments (or other Similar amounts) may be contingent on the extent of prepayments on qualified mortgages and the amount of income from permitted investments.
"(2) RESIDUAL INTEREST.--The term 'residual interest' means an interest in a REMIC which is not a regular interest and is designated as a residual interest.
"(3) QUALIFIED MORTGAGE.--The term 'qualified mortgage' means--
"(A) any obligation (including any participation or certificate of beneficial ownership therein) which is principally secured, directly or indirectly, by an interest in real property and which--
"(i) is transferred to the REMIC on or before the startup day, or
"(ii) is purchased by the REMIC within the 3-month period beginning on the startup day,
"(B) any qualified replacement mortgage, and
"(C) any regular interest in another REMIC transferred to the REMIC on or before the startup day.
"(4) QUALIFIED REPLACEMENT MORTGAGE.--The term 'qualified replacement mortgage' means any obligation--
"(A) which would be described in paragraph (3)(A) if it were transferred to the REMIC on or before the startup day, and
"(B) which is received for--
"(i) another obligation within the 3-month period beginning on the startup day, or
"(ii) a defective obligation within the 2-year period beginning on the startup day.
"(A) cash flow investment,
"(B) qualified reserve asset, or
"(C) foreclosure property.
"(6) CASH FLOW INVESTMENT.--The term 'cash flow investment' means any investment of amounts received under qualified mortgages for a temporary period before distribution to holders of interests in the REMIC.
"(7) QUALIFIED RESERVE ASSET.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified reserve asset' means any intangible property which is held for investment and as part of a qualified reserve fund.
"(B) QUALIFIED RESERVE FUND.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'qualified reserve fund' means any reasonably required reserve to provide for full payment of expenses of the REMIC or amounts due on regular interests in the event of defaults on qualified mortgages. The amount of any such reserve shall be promptly and appropriately reduced as payments of qualified mortgages are received.
"(C) SPECIAL RULE.--A reserve shall not be treated as a qualified reserve for any taxable year (and all subsequent taxable years) if more than 30 percent of the gross income from the assets in such fund for the taxable year is derived from the sale or other disposition of property held for less than 3 months. For purposes of the preceding sentence, gain on the disposition of a qualified reserve asset shall not be taken into account if the disposition giving rise to such gain is required to prevent default on a regular interest where the threatened default resulted from a default on 1 or more qualified mortgages.
"(8) FORECLOSURE PROPERTY.--The term 'foreclosure property' means property--
"(A) which would be foreclosure property under section 856(e) if acquired by a real estate investment trust, and
"(B) which is acquired in connection with the default or imminent default of a qualified mortgage held by the REMIC.
Property shall cease to be foreclosure property with respect to the REMIC on the date which is 1 year after the date such real estate mortgage pool acquired such property.
"(9) STARTUP DAY.--The term 'startup day' means any day selected by a REMIC which is on or before the 1st day on which interests in such REMIC are issued.
"(10) ISSUE PRICE.--The issue price of any regular or residual interest in a REMIC shall be determined under section 1273(b) in the same manner as if such interest were a debt instrument; except that if the interest is issued for property, paragraph (3) of section 1273(b) shall apply whether or not the requirements of such paragraph are met.
"(b) TREATMENT OF NONRESIDENT ALIENS AND FOREIGN CORPORATIONS.--If the holder of a residual interest in a REMIC is a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation, for purposes of sections 871(a), 881, 1441, and 1442--
"(1) amounts includible in the gross income of such holder under this part shall be taken into account when paid or distributed (or when the interest is disposed of), and
"(2) no exemption from the taxes imposed by such sections (and no reduction in the rates of such taxes) shall apply to any excess inclusion.
The Secretary may by regulations provide that such amounts shall be taken into account earlier than as provided in paragraph (1) where necessary or appropriate to prevent the avoidance of tax imposed by this chapter.
"(c) REGULATIONS.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this part, including regulations--
"(1) to prevent unreasonable accumulations of assets in a REMIC,
"(2) permitting determinations of the fair market value of property transferred to a REMIC and issue price of interests in a REMIC to be made earlier than otherwise provided, and
"(3) requiring reporting to holders of residual interests of such information as frequently as is necessary or appropriate to permit such holders to compute their taxable income accurately."
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--
(1) TREATMENT FOR REIT PURPOSES.--Paragraph (6) of section 856(c) is amended by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E) and by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following new subparagraph:
"(D) A regular or residual interest in a REMIC shall be treated as an interest in real property, and any amount includible in gross income with respect to such an interest shall be treated as interest; except that, if less than 95 percent of the assets of such REMIC are interests in real property (determined as if the taxpayer held such assets), such interest shall be so treated only in the proportion which the assets of the REMIC consist of such interests."
(2) TREATMENT FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 593.--Subsection (d) of section 593 (defining loans) is amended by adding at the end there of the following new paragraph:
"(4) TREATMENT OF INTERESTS IN REMIC'S.--A regular or residual interest in a REMIC shall be treated as a qualifying real property loan; except that, if less than 95 percent of the assets of such REMIC are qualifying real property loans (determined as if the taxpayer held the assets of the REMIC), such interest shall be so treated only in the proportion which the assets of such REMIC consist of such loans."
(3) TREATMENT FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 7701(a)(19).--Subparagraph (C) of section 7701(a)(19) (defining domestic building and loan associations) is amended by striking out "and" at the end of clause (ix), by striking out the period at the end of clause (x) and inserting in lieu thereof ", and", and by inserting after clause (x) the following new clause:
Subsection (a) of section 1272 (relating to current inclusion in income of original issue discount) is amended by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (7) and by inserting after paragraph (5) the following new paragraph:
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any debt instrument to which this paragraph applies, the daily portion of the original issue discount shall be determined by allocating to each day in any accrual period its ratable portion of the excess (if any) of--
"(i) the sum of (I) the present value determined under subparagraph (B) of all remaining payments under the debt instrument as of the close of such period, and (II) the payments during the accrual period of amounts included in the stated redemption price of the debt instrument, over
"(ii) the adjusted issue price of such debt instrument at the beginning of such period.
"(B) DETERMINATION OF PRESENT VALUE.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the present value shall be determined on the basis of--
"(i) the original yield to maturity (determined on the basis of compounding at the close of each accrual period and properly adjusted for the length of the accrual period),
"(ii) events which have occurred before the close of the accrual period, and
"(iii) a prepayment assumption determined in the manner prescribed by regulations.
"(C) DEBT INSTRUMENTS TO WHICH PARAGRAPH APPLIES.--This paragraph applies to--
"(i) any regular interest in a REMIC or qualified mortgage held by a REMIC, or
"(ii) any other debt instrument if payments under such debt instrument may be accelerated by reason of prepayments of other obligations securing such debt instrument (or, to the extent provided in regulations, by reason of other events)."
Section 7701, as amended by section 201(c), is amended by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (j) and by inserting after subsection (h) the following new subsection:
"(i) TAXABLE MORTGAGE POOLS.--
"(1) TREATED AS SEPARATE CORPORATIONS.--A taxable mortgage pool shall be treated as a separate corporation which may not be treated as an includible corporation with any other corporation for purposes of section 1501.
"(2) TAXABLE MORTGAGE POOL DEFINED.--For purposes of this title--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, a taxable mortgage pool is any entity (other than a REMIC) if--
"(i) substantially all of the assets of such entity consists of debt obligations (or interests therein) and more than 50 percent of such debt obligations (or interests) consists of real estate mortgages (or interests therein),
"(ii) such entity is the obligor under debt obligations with 2 or more maturities, and
"(iii) under the terms of the debt obligations referred to in clause (ii) (or underlying arrangement), payments on such debt obligations bear a relationship to payments on the debt obligations (or interests) referred to in clause (i).
"(B) PORTION OF ENTITIES TREATED AS POOLS.--Any portion of an entity which meets the definition of subparagraph (A) shall be treated as a taxable mortgage pool.
"(C) EXCEPTION FOR DOMESTIC BUILDING AND LOAN.--Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to treat any domestic building and loan association (or portion thereof) as a taxable mortgage pool.
"(D) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN EQUITY INTERESTS.--To the extent provided in regulations, equity interest of varying classes which correspond to maturity classes of debt shall be treated as debt for purposes of this subsection.
"(3) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN REIT's.--If--
"(A) a real estate investment trust is a taxable mortgage pool, or
"(B) a qualified REIT subsidiary (as defined in section 856(i)(2)) of a real estate investment trust is a taxable mortgage pool,
under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, adjustments similar to the adjustments provided in section 860E(d) shall apply to the shareholders of such real estate investment trust."
Subsection (d) of section 6049 (relating to returns regarding payments of interest) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of subsection (a), the term 'interest' includes amounts includible in gross income with respect to regular interests in REMIC's.
"(B) REPORTING TO CORPORATIONS, ETC.--Except as otherwise provided in regulations, in the case of any interest described in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph and any other debt instrument to which section 1272(a)(6) applies, subsection (b)(4) of this section shall be applied without regard to subparagraphs (A), (H), (I), (J), (K), and (L)(i).
"(C) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.--Except as otherwise provided in regulations, any return or statement required to be filed or furnished under this section with respect to interest income described in subparagraph (A) and interest on any other debt instrument to which section 1272(a)(6) applies shall also provide information setting forth the issue price of the interest to which the return or statement relates at the beginning of each accrual period with respect to which interest income is required to be reported on such return or statement and information necessary to compute accrual of market discount.
"(D) REGULATORY AUTHORITY.--The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as are necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this paragraph, including regulations which require more frequent or more detailed reporting."
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, the amendments made by this part shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(b) RULES FOR ACCRUING ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT.--The amendment made by section 672 shall apply to debt instruments issued after December 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date.
(c) TREATMENT OF TAXABLE MORTGAGE POOLS.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendment made by section 673 shall take effect on January 1, 1992.
(2) TREATMENT OF EXISTING ENTITIES.--The amendment made by section 673 shall not apply to any entity in existence on December 31, 1991. The preceding sentence shall cease to apply with respect to any entity as of the 1st day after December 31, 1991, on which there is a substantial transfer of cash or other property to such entity.
(3) SPECIAL RULE FOR COORDINATION WITH WASH-SALE RULES.--Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), for purposes of applying section 860F(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this part), the amendment made by section 673 shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
SEC. 701. ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX FOR INDIVIDUALS AND CORPORATIONS.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Part VI of subchapter A of chapter 1 (relating to minimum tax for tax preferences) is amended to read as follows:
"PART VI--ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX
"Sec. 55. Alternative minimum tax imposed.
"Sec. 56. Adjustments in computing alternative minimum taxable income.
"Sec. 57. Items of tax preference.
"Sec. 58. Denial of certain losses.
"Sec. 59. Other definitions and special rules
"SEC. 55. ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX IMPOSED.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--There is hereby imposed (in addition to any other tax imposed by this subtitle) a tax equal to the excess (if any) of--
"(1) the tentative minimum tax for the taxable year, over
"(2) the regular tax for the taxable year.
"(b) TENTATIVE MINIMUM TAX.--For purposes of this part--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The tentative minimum tax for the taxable year is--
"(A) 20 percent (21 percent in the case of a taxpayer other than a corporation) of so much of the alternative minimum taxable income for the taxable year as exceeds the exemption amount, reduced by
"(B) the alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit for the taxable year.
"(2) ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAXABLE INCOME.--The term alternative minimum taxable income' means the taxable income of the taxpayer for the taxable year
"(A) determined with the adjustments provided in section 56 and section 58, and
"(B) increased by the amount of the items of tax preference described in section 57.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this section, the term 'regular tax' means the regular tax liability for the taxable year (as defined in section 26(b)) reduced by the foreign tax credit allowable under section 27(a). Such term shall not include any tax imposed by section 402(e) and shall not include any increase in tax under section 47.
"(2) CROSS REFERENCES.--
"For provisions providing that certain credits are not allowable against the tax imposed by this section, see sections 26(a), 28(d)(2), 29(b)(5), and 38(c).
"(d) EXEMPTION AMOUNT.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) EXEMPTION AMOUNT FOR TAXPAYERS OTHER THAN CORPORATIONS.--In the case of a taxpayer other than a corporation, the term 'exemption amount' means--
"(A) $40,000 in the case of--
"(i) a joint return, or
"(ii) a surviving spouse,
"(B) $30,000 in the case of an individual who--
"(i) is not a married individual, and
"(ii) is not a surviving spouse, and
"(C) $20,000 in the case of--
"(i) a married individual who files a separate return, or
"(ii) an estate or trust.
"(2) CORPORATIONS.--In the case of a corporation, the term 'exemption amount' means $40,000.
"(3) PHASE-OUT OF EXEMPTION AMOUNT.--The exemption amount of any taxpayer shall be reduced (but not below zero) by an amount equal to 25 percent of the amount by which the alternative minimum taxable income of the taxpayer exceeds--
"(A) $150,000 in the case of a taxpayer described in paragraph (1)(A) or (2),
"(B) $112,500 in the case of a taxpayer described in paragraph (1)(B), and
"(C) $75,000 in the case of a taxpayer described in paragraph (1)(C).
"(a) ADJUSTMENTS APPLICABLE To ALL TAXPAYERS.--In determining the amount of the alternative minimum taxable income for any taxable year the following treatment shall apply (in lieu of the treatment applicable for purposes of computing the regular tax):
"(1) DEPRECIATION.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--
"(i) PROPERTY OTHER THAN CERTAIN REAL PROPERTY.--Except as provided in clause (ii), the depreciation deduction allowable under section 167 with respect to any tangible property placed in service after December 31, 1986, shall be determined under the alternative system of section 168(g).
"(ii) 150-PERCENT DECLINING BALANCE METHOD FOR CERTAIN PROPERTY.--The method of depreciation used shall be--
"(I) the 150 percent declining balance method,
"(II) switching to the straight line method for the 1st taxable year for which using the straight line method with respect to the adjusted basis as of the beginning of the year will yield a higher allowance.
"(B) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN PROPERTY.--This paragraph shall not apply to property described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) of section 168(f).
"(C) COORDINATION WITH TRANSITIONAL RULES.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--This paragraph shall not apply to property placed in service after December 31, 1986, to which the amendments made by section 201 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 do not apply.
"(ii) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN PROPERTY PLACED IN SERVICE BEFORE 1987.--This paragraph shall apply to any property to which the amendments made by section 201 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 apply by reason of an election under section 203(a)(l)(B) of such Act without regard to the requirement of subparagraph (A) that the property be placed in service after December 31, 1986.
"(D) NORMALIZATION RULES.--With respect to public utility property described in section 167(l)(3)(A), the Secretary shall prescribe the requirements of a normalization method of accounting for this section.
"(2) MINING EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--With respect to each mine or other natural deposit (other than an oil, gas, or geothermal well) of the taxpayer, the amount allowable as a deduction under section 616(a) or 617(a) (determined without regard to section 291(b)) in computing the regular tax for costs paid or incurred after December 31, 1986, shall be capitalized and amortized ratably over the 10-year period beginning with the taxable year in which the expenditures were made.
"(B) LOSS ALLOWED.--If a loss is sustained with respect to any property described in subparagraph (A), a deduction shall be allowed for the expenditures described in subparagraph (A) for the taxable year in which such loss is sustained in an amount equal to the lesser of--
"(i) the amount allowable under section 165(a) for the expenditures if they had remained capitalized, or
"(ii) the amount of such expenditures which have not previously been amortized under subparagraph (A).
"(4) ALTERNATIVE TAX NET OPERATING LOSS DEDUCTION.--The alternative tax net operating loss deduction shall be allowed in lieu of the net operating loss deduction allowed under section 172.
"(5) POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES.--In the case of any certified pollution control facility placed in service after December 31, 1986, the deduction allowable under section 169 (without regard to section 291) shall be determined under the alternative system of section 168(g).
"(6) INSTALLMENT SALES OF CERTAIN PROPERTY.--In the case of any--
"(A) disposition after March 1, 1986, of property described in section 1221(l), or
"(B) other disposition if an obligation arising from such disposition would be an applicable installment obligation (as defined in section 453C(e)) to which section 453C applies,
income from such disposition shall be determined without regard to the installment method under section 453 or 453A and all payments to be received for the disposition shall be deemed received in the taxable year of the disposition. This paragraph shall not apply to any disposition with respect to which an election is in effect under section 453C(e)(4).
"(7) ADJUSTED BASIS.--The adjusted basis of any property to which paragraph (1) or (5) applies (or with respect to which there are any expenditures to which paragraph (2) or subsection (b)(2) applies) shall be determined on the basis of the treatment prescribed in paragraph (1), (2), or (5), or subsection (b)(2), whichever applies.
"(b) ADJUSTMENTS APPLICABLE TO INDIVIDUALS.--In determining the amount of the alternative minimum taxable income of any taxpayer (other than a corporation), the following treatment shall apply (in lieu of the treatment applicable for purposes of computing the regular tax):
"(1) LIMITATION ON ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--No deduction shall be allowed--
"(i) for any miscellaneous itemized deduction (as defined in section 67(b)), or
"(ii) for any taxes described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of section 164(a).
Clause (ii) shall not apply to any amount allowable in computing adjusted gross income.
"(B) MEDICAL EXPENSES.--In determining the amount allowable as a deduction under section 213, subsection (a) of section 213 shall be applied by substituting '10 percent' for '7.5 percent'.
"(C) INTEREST.--In determining the amount allowable as a deduction for interest, subsections (d) and (h) of section 163 shall apply, except that--
"(i) in lieu of the exception under section 163(h)(2)(D), the term 'personal interest' shall not include any qualified housing interest (as defined in subsection (e)),
"(ii) sections 163(d)(6) and 163(h)(6) (relating to phaseins) shall not apply, and
"(iii) interest on any specified private activity bond (and any amount treated as interest on a specified activity bond under section 56(a)(5)(B)), and any deduction referred to in section 57(a)(5)(A), shall be treated as includible in gross income (or as deductible) for purposes of applying section 163(d).
"(D) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN RECOVERIES.--No recovery of any tax to which subparagraph (A)(ii) applied shall be included in gross income for purposes of determining alternative minimum taxable income.
"(E) STANDARD DEDUCTION NOT ALLOWED.--The standard deduction provided in section 63(c) shall not be allowed.
"(2) CIRCULATION AND RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL EXPENDITURES.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The amount allowable as a deduction under section 173 or 174(a) in computing the regular tax for amounts paid or incurred after December 31, 1986, shall be capitalized and--
"(i) in the case of circulation expenditures described in section 173, shall be amortized ratably over the 3-year period beginning with the taxable year in which the expenditures were made, or
"(ii) in the case of research and experimental expenditures described in section 174(a), shall be amortized ratably over the 10-year period beginning with the taxable year in which the expenditures were made.
"(B) LOSS ALLOWED.--If a loss is sustained with respect to any property described in subparagraph (A), a deduction shall be allowed for the expenditures described in subparagraph (A) for the taxable year in which such loss is sustained in an amount equal to the lesser of--
"(i) the amount allowable under section 165(a) for the expenditures if they had remained capitalized, or
"(ii) the amount of such expenditures which have not previously been amortized under subparagraph (A).
"(C) SPECIAL RULE FOR PERSONAL HOLDING COMPANIES.--In the case of circulation expenditures described in section 173, the adjustments provided in this paragraph shall apply also to a personal holding company (as defined in section 542).
"(1) ADJUSTMENT FOR BOOK INCOME OR ADJUSTED EARNINGS AND PROFITS.--
"(A) BOOK INCOME ADJUSTMENT.--For taxable years beginning in 1987, 1988, and 1989, alternative minimum taxable income shall be adjusted as provided under subsection (f).
"(B) ADJUSTED EARNINGS AND PROFITS.--For taxable years beginning after 1989, alternative minimum taxable income shall be adjusted as provided under subsection (g).
"(2) MERCHANT MARINE CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION FUNDS.--In the case of a capital construction fund established under section 607 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936 (46 U.S.C. 1177)--
"(A) subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of section 7518(c)(1) (and the corresponding provisions of such section 607) shall not apply to--
"(i) any amount deposited in such fund after December 31, 1986, or
"(ii) any earnings (including gains and losses) after December 31, 1986, on amounts in such fund, and
"(B) no reduction in basis shall be made under section 7518(f) (or the corresponding provisions of such section 607) with respect to the withdrawal from the fund of any amount to which subparagraph (A) applies
For purposes of this paragraph, any withdrawal of deposits or earnings from the fund shall be treated as allocable first to deposits made before (and earnings received or accrued before) January 1, 1987.
"(3) SPECIAL DEDUCTION FOR CERTAIN ORGANIZATIONS NOT ALLOWED.--The deduction determined under section 833(b) shall not be allowed.
"(d) ALTERNATIVE TAX NET OPERATING LOSS DEDUCTION DEFINED.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of subsection (a)(4), the term 'alternative tax net operating loss deduction' means the net operating loss deduction allowable for the taxable year under section 172, except that--
"(A) the amount of such deduction shall not exceed 90 percent of alternative minimum taxable income determined without regard to such deduction, and
"(B) in determining the amount of such deduction--
"(i) the net operating loss (within the meaning of section 172(c)) for any loss year shall be adjusted as provided in paragraph (2), and
"(ii) in the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986, section 172(b)(2) shall be applied by substituting '90 percent of alternative minimum taxable income determined without regard to the alternative tax net operating loss deduction' for 'taxable income' each place it appears.
"(A) POST-1986 LOSS YEARS.--In the case of a loss year beginning after December 31, 1986, the net operating loss for such year under section 172(c) shall--
"(i) be determined with the adjustments provided in this section and section 58, and
"(ii) be reduced by the items of tax preference determined under section 57 for such year (other than subsection (a)(6) thereof).
"(B) PRE-1987 YEARS.--In the case of loss years beginning before January 1, 1987, the amount of the net operating loss which may be carried over to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986, for purposes of paragraph (2), shall be equal to the amount which may be carried from the loss year to the first taxable year of the taxpayer beginning after December 31, 1986.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'qualified housing interest' means interest which is paid or accrued during the taxable year on indebtedness which is incurred in acquiring, constructing, or substantially rehabilitating any property which--
"(A) is the principal residence (within the meaning of section 1034) of the taxpayer at the time such interest accrues or is paid, or
"(B) is a qualified dwelling which is a qualified residence (within the meaning of section 163(h)(3)).
Such term also includes interest on any indebtedness resulting from the refinancing of indebtedness meeting the requirements of the preceding sentence; but only to the extent that the amount of the indebtedness resulting from such refinancing does not exceed the amount of the refinanced indebtedness immediately before the refinancing.
"(2) QUALIFIED DWELLING.--The term 'qualified dwelling' means any--
"(A) house,
"(B) apartment,
"(C) condominium, or
"(D) mobile home not used on a transient basis (within the meaning of section 7701(a)(19)(C)(v)),
including all structures or other property appurtenant thereto.
"(3) SPECIAL RULE FOR INDEBTEDNESS INCURRED BEFORE JULY 1, 1982.--The term 'qualified housing interest' includes interest paid or accrued on indebtedness which--
"(A) was incurred by the taxpayer before July 1, 1982, and
"(B) is secured by property which, at the time such indebtedness was incurred, was--
"(i) the principal residence (within the meaning of section 1034) of the taxpayer, or
"(ii) a qualified dwelling used by the taxpayer (or any member of his family (within the meaning of section 267(c)(4))).
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The alternative minimum taxable income of any corporation for any taxable year beginning in 1987, 1988, or 1989 shall be increased by 50 percent of the amount (if any) by which--
"(A) the adjusted net book income of the corporation, exceeds
"(B) the alternative minimum taxable income for the taxable year (determined without regard to this subsection and the alternative tax net operating loss deduction).
"(2) ADJUSTED NET BOOK INCOME.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'adjusted net book income' means the net income or loss of the taxpayer set forth on the taxpayer's applicable financial statement, adjusted as provided in this paragraph.
"(B) ADJUSTMENTS FOR CERTAIN TAXES.--The amount determined under subparagraph (A) shall be appropriately adjusted to disregard any Federal income taxes, or income, war profits, or excess profits taxes imposed by any foreign country or possession of the United States, which are directly or indirectly taken into account on the taxpayer's applicable financial statement. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any such taxes imposed by a foreign country or possession of the United States if the taxpayer does not choose to take, to any extent, the benefits of section 901.
"(C) SPECIAL RULES FOR RELATED CORPORATIONS.--
"(i) CONSOLIDATED RETURNS.--If the taxpayer files a consolidated return for any taxable year, adjusted net book income for such taxable year shall take into account items on the taxpayer's applicable financial statement which are properly allocable to members of such group included on such return.
"(ii) TREATMENT OF DIVIDENDS.--In the case of any corporation which is not included on a consolidated return with the taxpayer, adjusted net book income shall take into account the earnings of such other corporation only to the extent of the sum of the dividends received from such other corporation and other amounts required to be included in gross income under this chapter in respect of the earnings of such other corporation.
"(D) STATEMENTS COVERING DIFFERENT PERIODS.--Appropriate adjustments shall be made in adjusted net book income in any case in which an applicable financial statement covers a period other than the taxable year.
"(E) SPECIAL RULE FOR COOPERATIVES.--In the case of a cooperative to which section 1381 applies, the amount determined under subparagraph (A) shall be reduced by the amounts referred to in section 1382(b) (relating to patronage dividends and per-unit retain allocations) to the extent such amounts were not otherwise taken into account in determining adjusted net book income.
"(F) TREATMENT OF DIVIDENDS FROM 936 CORPORATIONS.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--In determining the amount of adjusted net book income, any dividend received from a corporation eligible for the credit provided by section 936 shall be increased by the amount of any withholding tax paid to a possession of the United States with respect to such dividend.
"(ii) TREATMENT AS FOREIGN TAXES.--
"(I) IN GENERAL.--50 percent of any withholding tax paid to a possession of the United States with respect to dividends referred to in clause (i) (to the extent such dividends do not exceed the excess referred to in paragraph (1), determined without regard to clause (i)) shall, for purposes of this part, be treated as a tax paid by the corporation receiving the dividend to a foreign country.
"(II) TREATMENT OF TAXES IMPOSED ON 936 CORPORATION.--For purposes of this subparagraph, taxes paid by any corporation eligible for the credit provided by section 936 to a possession of the United States, shall be treated as a withholding tax paid with respect to any dividend paid by such corporation to the extent such taxes would be treated as paid by the corporation receiving the dividend under rules similar to the rules of section 902.
"(i) cost recovery and depletion attributable to property the basis of which is determined under section 21(c) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1620(c)), and
"(ii) deductions for amounts payable made pursuant to section 7(i) or section 7(j) of such Act (43 U.S.C. 1606(i) and 1606(j)) only at such time as the deductions are allowed for tax purposes.
"(H) SECRETARIAL AUTHORITY TO ADJUST ITEMS.--Under regulations, adjusted net book income shall be properly adjusted to prevent the omission or duplication of any item.
"(3) APPLICABLE FINANCIAL STATEMENT.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'applicable financial statement' means, with respect to any taxable year, any statement covering such taxable year--
"(i) which is required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission,
"(ii) which is a certified audited income statement to be used for the purposes of a statement or report--
"(I) for credit purposes,
"(II) to shareholders, or
"(III) for any other substantial nontax purpose,
"(iii) which is an income statement required to be provided to--
"(I) the Federal Government or any agency thereof,
"(II) a State government or any agency thereof, or
"(III) a political subdivision of a State or any agency thereof, or
"(iv) which is an income statement to be used for the purposes of a statement or report--
"(I) for credit purposes,
"(II) to shareholders, or
"(III) for any other substantial nontax purpose.
"(i) a taxpayer has no applicable financial statement, or
"(ii) a taxpayer has only a statement described in subparagraph (A)(iv) and the taxpayer elects the application of this subparagraph,
the net income or loss set forth on the taxpayer's applicable financial statement shall, for purposes of paragraph (3)(A), be treated as being equal to the taxpayer's earnings and profits for the taxable year (without diminution by reason of distributions during the tax year). Such election, once made, shall remain in effect for any taxable year for which the taxpayer is described in this subparagraph unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.
"(C) SPECIAL RULE WHERE MORE THAN 1 STATEMENT.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), if a taxpayer has a statement described in more than 1 clause or subclause, the applicable financial statement shall be the statement described in the clause or subclause with the lowest number designation.
"(4) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN CORPORATIONS.--This subsection shall not apply to any S corporation, regulated investment company, real estate investment trust, or REMIC.
"(g) ADJUSTMENTS BASED ON ADJUSTED CURRENT EARNINGS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The alternative minimum taxable income of any corporation for any taxable year beginning after 1989 shall be increased by 75 percent of the excess (if any) of--
"(A) the adjusted current earnings of the corporation, over
"(B) the alternative minimum taxable income (determined without regard to this subsection and the alternative tax net operating loss deduction).
"(2) ALLOWANCE OF NEGATIVE ADJUSTMENTS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The alternative minimum taxable income for any corporation of any taxable year beginning after 1989, shall be reduced by 75 percent of the excess (if any) of--
"(i) the amount referred to in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1), over
"(ii) the amount referred to in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1).
"(B) LIMITATION.--The reduction under subparagraph (A) for any taxable year shall not exceed the excess (if any) of--
"(i) the aggregate increases in alternative minimum taxable income under paragraph (1) for prior taxable years, over
"(ii) the aggregate reductions under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph for prior taxable years.
"(A) determined with the adjustments provided in paragraph (4), and
"(B) determined without regard to this subsection and the alternative tax net operating loss deduction.
"(4) ADJUSTMENTS.--In determining adjusted current earnings, the following adjustments shall apply:
"(A) DEPRECIATION.--
"(i) PROPERTY PLACED IN SERVICE AFTER 1989.--The depreciation deduction with respect to any property placed in service in a taxable year beginning after 1989 shall be determined under whichever of the following methods yields deductions with a smaller present value:
"(I) The alternative system of section 168(g), or
"(II) The method used for book purposes.
"(ii) PROPERTY TO WHICH NEW ACRS SYSTEM APPLIES.--In the case of any property to which the amendments made by section 201 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 apply and which is placed in service in a taxable year beginning before 1990, the depreciation deduction shall be determined--
"(I) by taking into account the adjusted basis of such property (as determined for purposes of computing alternative minimum taxable income) as of the close of the last taxable year beginning before January 1, 1990, and
"(II) by using the straight-line method over the remainder of the recovery period applicable to such property under the alternative system of section 168(g).
"(iii) PROPERTY TO WHICH ORIGINAL ACRS SYSTEM APPLIES.--In the case of any property to which section 168 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and without regard to subsection (d)(1)(A)(ii) thereof) applies, the depreciation deduction shall be determined--
"(I) by taking into account the adjusted basis of such property (as determined for purposes of computing the regular tax) as of the close of the last taxable year beginning before January 1, 1990, and
"(II) by using the straight line method over the remainder of the recovery period which would apply to such property under the alternative system of section 168(g).
"(iv) PROPERTY PLACED IN SERVICE BEFORE 1981.--In the case of any property not described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii), the amount allowable as depreciation or amortization with respect to such property shall be determined in the same manner as for purposes of computing taxable income.
"(v) SLOWER METHOD USED IF USED FOR BOOK PURPOSES.--In the case of any property to which clause (ii), (iii), or (iv) applies, if the depreciation method used for book purposes yields deductions for taxable years beginning after 1989 with a smaller present value than the method which would otherwise be used under such clause, the method used for book purposes shall be used in lieu of the method which would otherwise be used under such clause.
"(B) INCLUSION OF ITEMS INCLUDED FOR PURPOSES OF COMPUTING EARNINGS AND PROFITS.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any amount which is excluded from gross income for purposes of computing alternative minimum taxable income but is taken into account in determining the amount of earnings and profits--
"(I) such amount shall be included in income in the same manner as if such amount were includible in gross income for purposes of computing alternative minimum taxable income, and
"(II) the amount of such income shall be reduced by any deduction which would have been allowable in computing alternative minimum taxable income if such amount were includible in gross income.
"(ii) INCLUSION OF BUILDUP IN LIFE INSURANCE CONTRACTS.--In the case of any life insurance contract--
"(I) the income on such contract (as determined under section 7702(g)) for any taxable year shall be treated as includible in gross income for such year, and
"(II) there shall be allowed as a deduction that portion of any premium which is attributable to insurance coverage.
"(iii) INCLUSION OF INCOME ON ANNUITY CONTRACT.--In the case of any annuity contract, the income on such contract (as determined under section 72(u)(2)) shall be treated as includible in gross income for such year.
"(C) DISALLOWANCE OF ITEMS NOT DEDUCTIBLE IN COMPUTING EARNINGS AND PROFITS.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--A deduction shall not be allowed for any item if such item would not be deductible for any taxable year for purposes of computing earnings and profits.
"(ii) SPECIAL RULE FOR 100-PERCENT DIVIDENDS.--Clause (i) shall not apply to any deduction allowable under section 243 or 245 for a 100-percent dividend--
"(I) if the corporation receiving such dividend and the corporation paying such dividend could not be members of the same affiliated group under section 1504 by reason of section 1504(b),
"(II) but only to the extent such dividend is attributable to income of the paying corporation which is subject to tax under this chapter (determined after the application of section 936 and 921).
For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term '100 percent dividend' means any dividend if the percentage used for purposes of determining the amount allowable as a deduction under section 243 or 245 with respect to such dividend is 100 percent.
"(iii) SPECIAL RULE FOR DIVIDENDS FROM SECTION 936 COMPANIES.--In the case of any dividend received from a corporation eligible for the credit provided by section 936, rules similar to the rules of subparagraph (F) of subsection (f)(1) shall apply, except that '75 percent' shall be substituted for '50 percent' in clause (ii)(I) thereof.
"(D) CERTAIN OTHER EARNINGS AND PROFITS ADJUSTMENTS.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--The adjustments provided in section 312(n) shall apply; except that--
"(I) paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) shall apply only to amounts paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after December 31, 1989,
"(II) paragraph (4) shall apply only to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1989,
"(III) paragraph (5) shall apply only to installment sales in taxable years beginning after December 31, 1989,
"(IV) paragraph (6) shall apply only to contracts entered into on or after March 1, 1986, and
"(V) paragraphs (7) and (8) shall not apply.
"(ii) SPECIAL RULE FOR INTANGIBLE DRILLING COSTS AND MINERAL EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS.--If--
"(I) the present value of the deductions provided under subparagraph (A)(ii) or (B)(ii) of section 312(n)(2) with respect to amounts paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after December 31, 1989, exceeds
"(II) the present value of the deductions for such amounts under the method used for book purposes, such amounts shall be deductible under the method used for book purposes in lieu of that provided in such subparagraph.
"(F) ACQUISITION EXPENSES OF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES.--Acquisition expenses of life insurance companies shall be capitalized and amortized in accordance with the treatment generally required under generally accepted accounting principles as if this subparagraph applied to all taxable years.
"(G) DEPLETION.--The allowances for depletion with respect to any property placed in service in a taxable year beginning after 1989, shall be determined under whichever of the following methods yields deductions with a smaller present value:
"(i) cost depletion determined under section 611, or
"(ii) the method used for book purposes.
"(H) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN OWNERSHIP CHANGES.--If--
"(i) there is an ownership change (within the meaning of section 382) after the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 with respect to any corporation, and
"(ii)(I) the aggregate adjusted bases of the assets of such corporation (immediately after the change), exceed
"(II) the value of the stock of such corporation (as determined for purposes of section 382), properly adjusted for liabilities and other relevant items,
"(5) OTHER DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of paragraph (4)--
"(A) BOOK PURPOSES.--The term 'book purposes' means the treatment for purposes of preparing the applicable financial statement referred to in subsection (f).
"(B) EARNINGS AND PROFITS.--The term 'earnings and profits' means earnings and profits computed for purposes of subchapter C.
"(C) PRESENT VALUE.--Present value shall be determined as of the time the property is placed in service (or, if later, as of the beginning of the first taxable year beginning after 1989) and under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
"(D) TREATMENT OF ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAXABLE INCOME.--The treatment of any item for purposes of computing alternative minimum taxable income shall be determined without regard to this subsection.
"(6) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN CORPORATIONS.--This subsection shall not apply to any S corporation, regulated investment company, real estate investment trust, or REMIC.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--For purposes of this part, the items of tax preference determined under this section are--
"(1) DEPLETION.--With respect to each property (as defined in section 614), the excess of the deduction for depletion allowable under section 611 for the taxable year over the adjusted basis of the property at the end of the taxable year (determined without regard to the depletion deduction for the taxable year).
"(2) INTANGIBLE DRILLING COSTS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--With respect to all oil, gas, and geothermal properties of the taxpayer, the amount (if any) by which the amount of the excess intangible drilling costs arising in the taxable year is greater than 65 percent of the net income of the taxpayer from oil, gas, and geothermal properties for the taxable year.
"(B) EXCESS INTANGIBLE DRILLING COSTS.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the amount of the excess intangible drilling costs arising in the taxable year is the excess of--
"(i) the intangible drilling and development costs paid or incurred in connection with oil, gas, and geothermal wells (other than costs incurred in drilling a nonproductive well) allowable under section 263(c) or 291(b) for the taxable year, over
"(ii) the amount which would have been allowable for the taxable year if such costs had been capitalized and straight line recovery of intangibles (as defined in subsection (b)) had been used with respect to such costs.
"(C) NET INCOME FROM OIL, GAS, AND GEOTHERMAL PROPERTIES.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the amount of the net income of the taxpayer from oil, gas, and geothermal properties for the taxable year is the excess of--
"(i) the aggregate amount of gross income (within the meaning of section 613(a)) from all oil, gas, and geothermal properties of the taxpayer received or accrued by the taxpayer during the taxable year, over
"(ii) the amount of any deductions allocable to such properties reduced by the excess described in subparagraph (B) for such taxable year.
"(D) PARAGRAPH APPLIED SEPARATELY WITH RESPECT TO GEOTHERMAL PROPERTIES AND OIL AND GAS PROPERTIES.--This paragraph shall be applied separately with respect to--
"(i) all oil and gas properties which are not described in clause (ii), and
"(ii) all properties which are geothermal deposits (as defined in section 613(e)(3)).
"(A) IN GENERAL.--With respect to the transfer of a share of stock pursuant to the exercise of an incentive stock option (as defined in section 422A), the amount by which the fair market value of the share at the time of exercise exceeds the option price. For purposes of this paragraph, the fair market value of a share of stock shall be determined without regard to any restriction other than a restriction which, by its terms, will never lapse.
"(B) BASIS ADJUSTMENT.--In determining the amount of gain or loss recognized for purposes of this part on any disposition of a share of stock acquired pursuant to an exercise (in a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986) of an incentive stock option, the basis of such stock shall be increased by the amount of the excess referred to in subparagraph (A).
"(4) RESERVES FOR LOSSES ON BAD DEBTS OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.--In the case of a financial institution to which section 585 or 593 applies, the amount by which the deduction allowable for the taxable year for a reasonable addition to a reserve for bad debts exceeds the amount that would have been allowable had the institution maintained its bad debt reserve for all taxable years on the basis of actual experience.
"(5) TAX-EXEMPT INTEREST.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Interest on specified private activity bonds reduced by any deduction (not allowable in computing the regular tax) which would have been allowable if such interest were includible in gross income.
"(B) TREATMENT OF EXEMPT-INTEREST DIVIDENDS.--Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, any exempt-interest dividend (as defined in section 852(b)(5)(A)) shall be treated as interest on a specified private activity bond to the extent of its proportionate share of the interest on such bonds received by the company paying such dividend.
"(C) SPECIFIED PRIVATE ACTIVITY BONDS.--
"(i) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this part, the term 'specified private activity bonds' means any private activity bond (as defined in section 141) issued after August 7, 1986.
"(ii) EXCEPTION FOR QUALIFIED 501(c)(3) BONDS.--For purposes of clause (i), the term 'private activity bond' shall not include any qualified 501(c)(3) bond (as defined in section 145).
"(iii) EXCEPTION FOR REFUNDINGS.--For purposes of clause (i), the term 'private activity bond' shall not include any refunding bond if the refunded bond (or in the case of a series of refundings, the original bond) was issued before August 8, 1986.
"(iv) CERTAIN BONDS ISSUED BEFORE SEPTEMBER 1, 1986.--For purposes of this subparagraph, a bond issued before September 1, 1986, shall be treated as issued before August 8, 1986, unless such bond would be a private activity bond if--
"(I) paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 141(b) were applied by substituting '25 percent' for '10 percent' each place it appears,
"(II) paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) of section 141(b) did not apply, and
"(III) subparagraph (B) of section 141(c)(1) did not apply.
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The amount by which the deduction allowable under section 170 would be reduced if all capital gain property were taken into account at its adjusted basis.
"(B) CAPITAL GAIN PROPERTY.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'capital gain property' has the meaning given to such term by section 170(b)(1)(C)(iv). Such term shall not include any property to which an election under section 170(b)(1)(C)(iii) applies.
"(7) ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION OR AMORTIZATION ON CERTAIN PROPERTY PLACED IN SERVICE BEFORE JANUARY 1, 1987.--The amounts which would be treated as items of tax preference with respect to the taxpayer under paragraphs (2), (3), (4), and (12) of this subsection (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986). The preceding sentence shall not apply to any property to which section 56(a)(1) or (5) applies.
"(b) STRAIGHT LINE RECOVERY OF INTANGIBLES DEFINED.--For purposes of paragraph (2) of subsection (a)--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'straight line recovery of intangibles', when used with respect to intangible drilling and development costs for any well, means (except in the case of an election under paragraph (2)) ratable amortization of such costs over the 120-month period beginning with the month in which production from such well begins.
"(2) ELECTION.--If the taxpayer elects with respect to the intangible drilling and development costs for any well, the term 'straight line recovery of intangibles' means any method which would be permitted for purposes of determining cost depletion with respect to such well and which is selected by the taxpayer for purposes of subsection (a)(2).
"(a) DENIAL OF FARM LOSS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of computing the amount of the alternative minimum taxable income for any taxable year of a taxpayer other than a corporation--
"(A) DISALLOWANCE OF FARM LOSS.--No loss of the taxpayer for such taxable year from any tax shelter farm activity shall be allowed.
"(B) DEDUCTION IN SUCCEEDING TAXABLE YEAR.--Any loss from a tax shelter farm activity disallowed under subparagraph (A) shall be treated as a deduction allocable to such activity in the 1st succeeding taxable year.
"(2) TAX SHELTER FARM ACTIVITY.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'tax shelter farm activity' means--
"(A) any farming syndicate as defined in section 464(c) (as modified by section 461(i)(4)(A)), and
"(B) any other activity consisting of farming which is a passive activity (within the meaning of section 469(d), without regard to paragraph (1)(B) thereof).
"(3) APPLICATION TO PERSONAL SERVICE CORPORATIONS.--For purposes of paragraph (1), a personal service corporation (within the meaning of section 469(g)(1)(C)) shall be treated as a taxpayer other than a corporation.
"(b) DISALLOWANCE OF PASSIVE ACTIVITY LOSS.--In computing the alternative minimum taxable income of the taxpayer for any taxable year, section 469 shall apply, except that in applying section 469--
"(1) the adjustments of section 56 shall apply,
"(2) any deduction to the extent such deduction is an item of tax preference under section 57(a) shall not be taken into account, and
"(3) the provisions of section 469(l) (relating to phase-in of disallowance) shall not apply.
"(c) SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) SPECIAL RULE FOR INSOLVENT TAXPAYERS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The amount of losses to which subsection (a) or (b) applies shall be reduced by the amount (if any) by which the taxpayer is insolvent as of the close of the taxable year.
"(B) INSOLVENT.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'insolvent' means the excess of liabilities over the fair market value of assets.
"(2) LOSS ALLOWED FOR YEAR OF DISPOSITION OF FARM SHELTER ACTIVITY.--If the taxpayer disposes of his entire interest in any tax shelter farm activity during any taxable year, the amount of the loss attributable to such activity (determined after carryovers under subsection (a)(1)(B)) shall (to the extent otherwise allowable) be allowed for such taxable year in computing alternative minimum taxable income and not treated as a loss from a tax shelter farm activity.
"(a) ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX FOREIGN TAX CREDIT.--For purposes of this part--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit for any taxable year shall be the credit which would be determined under section 27(a) for such taxable year if--
"(A) the amount determined under section 55(b)(1)(A) were the tax against which such credit was taken for purposes of section 904 for the taxable year and all prior taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986,
"(B) section 904 were applied on the basis of alternative minimum taxable income instead of taxable income, and
"(C) for purposes of section 904, any increase in alternative minimum taxable income by reason of section 56(c)(1)(A) (relating to adjustment for book income) shall have the same proportionate source (and character) as alternative minimum taxable income determined without regard to such increase.
"(2) LIMITATION TO 90 PERCENT OF TAX.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit for any taxable year shall not exceed the excess (if any) of--
"(i) the amount determined under section 55(b)(1)(A) for the taxable year, over
"(ii) 10 percent of the amount which would be determined under section 55(b)(1)(A) without regard to the alternative tax net operating loss deduction.
"(B) CARRYBACK AND CARRYFORWARD.--If the alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit exceeds the amount determined under subparagraph (A), such excess shall, for purposes of this part, be treated as an amount to which section 904(c) applies.
"(c) TREATMENT OF ESTATES AND TRUSTS.--In the case of any estate or trust, the alternative minimum taxable income of such estate or trust and any beneficiary thereof shall be determined by applying part I of subchapter J with the adjustments provided in this part.
"(d) APPORTIONMENT OF DIFFERENTLY TREATED ITEMS IN CASE OF CERTAIN ENTITIES.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The differently treated items for the taxable year shall be apportioned (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary)--
"(A) REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES AND REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS.--In the case of a regulated investment company to which part I of subchapter M applies or a real estate investment company to which part II of subchapter M applies, between such company or trust and shareholders and holders of beneficial interest in such company or trust.
"(B) COMMON TRUST FUNDS.--In the case of a common trust fund (as defined in section 584(a)), pro rata among the participants of such fund.
"(2) DIFFERENTLY TREATED ITEMS.--For purposes of this section, the term 'differently treated item' means any item of tax preference or any other item which is treated differently for purposes of this part than for purposes of computing the regular tax.
"(e) OPTIONAL 10-YEAR WRITEOFF OF CERTAIN TAX PREFERENCES.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this title, any qualified expenditure to which an election under this paragraph applies shall be allowed as a deduction ratably over the 10-year period (3-year period in the case of circulation expenditures described in section 173) beginning with the taxable year in which such expenditure was made.
"(2) QUALIFIED EXPENDITURE.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'qualified expenditure' means any amount which, but for an election under this subsection, would have been allowable as a deduction for the taxable year in which paid or incurred under--
"(A) section 173 (relating to circulation expenditures),
"(B) section 174(a) (relating to research and experimental expenditures),
"(C) section 263(c) (relating to intangible drilling and development expenditures),
"(D) section 616(a) (relating to development expenditures), or
"(E) section 617(a) (relating to mining exploration expenditures).
"(3) OTHER SECTIONS NOT APPLICABLE.--Except as provided in this subsection, no deduction shall be allowed under any other section for any qualified expenditure to which an election under this subsection applies.
"(4) ELECTION.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--An election may be made under paragraph (1) with respect to any portion of any qualified expenditure.
"(B) REVOCABLE ONLY WITH CONSENT.--Any election under this subsection may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary.
"(C) PARTNERS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF S CORPORATIONS.--In the case of a partnership, any election under paragraph (1) shall be made separately by each partner with respect to the partner's allocable share of any qualified expenditure. A similar rule shall apply in the case of an S corporation and its shareholders.
"(5) DISPOSITIONS.--
"(A) APPLICATION OF SECTION 1254.--In the case of any disposition of property to which section 1254 applies (determined without regard to this section), any deduction under paragraph (1) with respect to amounts which are allocable to such property shall, for purposes of section 1254, be treated as a deduction allowable under section 263(c), 616(a), or 617(a), whichever is appropriate.
"(B) APPLICATION OF SECTION 617(d).--In the case of any disposition of mining property to which section 617(d) applies (determined without regard to this subsection), any deduction under paragraph (1) with respect to amounts which are allocable to such property shall, for purposes of section 617(d), be treated as a deduction allowable under section 617(a).
"(6) AMOUNTS TO WHICH ELECTION APPLY NOT TREATED AS TAX PREFERENCE.--Any portion of any qualified expenditure to which an election under paragraph (1) applies shall not be treated as an item of tax preference under section 57(a) and section 56 shall not apply to such expenditure.
"(f) COORDINATION WITH SECTION 291.--Except as otherwise provided in this part, section 291 (relating to cutback of corporate preferences) shall apply before the application of this part.
"(g) TAX BENEFIT RULE.--The Secretary may prescribe regulations under which differently treated items shall be properly adjusted where the tax treatment giving rise to such items will not result in the reduction of the taxpayer's regular tax for any taxable year.
"(h) COORDINATION WITH CERTAIN LIMITATIONS.--The limitations of sections 704(d), 465, and 1366(d) (and such other provisions as may be specified in regulations) shall be applied for purposes of computing the alternative minimum taxable income of the taxpayer for the taxable year--
"(1) with the adjustments of section 56, and
"(2) by not taking into account any deduction to the extent such deduction is an item of tax preference under section 57(a).
"(i) SPECIAL RULE FOR INTEREST TREATED AS TAX PREFERENCE.--For purposes of this subtitle, interest shall not fail to be treated as wholly exempt from tax imposed by this title solely by reason of being included in alternative minimum taxable income."
(b) CREDIT AGAINST REGULAR TAX FOR PRIOR YEAR MINIMUM TAX LIABILITY.--Part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 (relating to credits allowable) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subpart:
"Subpart G--Credit Against Regular Tax for Prior Year Minimum Tax Liability
"Sec. 53. Credit for prior year minimum tax liability.
"SEC. 53. CREDIT FOR PRIOR YEAR MINIMUM TAX LIABILITY.
"(a) ALLOWANCE OF CREDIT.--There shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for any taxable year an amount equal to the minimum tax credit for such taxable year.
"(b) MINIMUM TAX CREDIT.--For purposes of subsection (a), the minimum tax credit for any taxable year is the excess (if any) of--
"(1) the adjusted net minimum tax imposed for all prior taxable years beginning after 1986, over
"(2) the amount allowable as a credit under subsection (a) for such prior taxable years.
"(c) LIMITATION.--The credit allowable under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed the excess (if any) of--
"(1) the regular tax liability of the taxpayer for such taxable year reduced by the sum of the credits allowable under subparts A, B, D, E, and F of this part, over
"(2) the tentative minimum tax for the taxable year.
"(d) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) NET MINIMUM TAX.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'net minimum tax' means the tax imposed by section 55.
"(B) CREDIT NOT ALLOWED FOR EXCLUSION PREFERENCES.--
"(i) ADJUSTED NET MINIMUM TAX.--The adjusted net minimum tax for any taxable year is--
"(I) the amount of the net minimum tax for such taxable year, reduced by
"(II) the amount which would be the net minimum tax for such taxable year if the only adjustments and items of tax preference taken into account were those specified in clause (ii).
"(ii) SPECIFIED ITEMS.--The following are specified in this clause--
"(I) the adjustments provided for in subsections (b)(1) and (c)(3) of section 56, and
"(II) the items of tax preference described in paragraphs (1), (5), and (6) of section 57(a).
In the case of taxable years beginning after 1989, the adjustments provided in section 56(g) shall be treated as specified in this clause to the extent attributable to items which are excluded from gross income for any taxable year for purposes of the regular tax, or are not deductible for any taxable year under the adjusted earnings and profits method of section 56(g).
(c) CREDITS NOT ALLOWABLE AGAINST MINIMUM TAX.--
(1) PERSONAL CREDITS.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--Subsection (a) of section 26 (relating to limitation based on amount of tax) is amended to read as follows:
"(1) the taxpayer's regular tax liability for the taxable year, over
"(2) the tentative minimum tax for the taxable year (determined without regard to the alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit)."
(B) REGULAR TAX LIABILITY.--Subsection (b) of section 26 (as amended by title II) is amended--
(i) by striking out "this section" in the matter preceding paragraph (1) and inserting in lieu thereof "this part",
(ii) by striking out "tax liability" in paragraph (1) and inserting in lieu thereof "regular tax liability",
(iii) by striking out subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
"(A) section 55 (relating to minimum tax),",
(iv) by striking out "and" at the end of paragraph (2)(H), by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (2)(I) and inserting in lieu thereof ", and", and by adding at the end of paragraph (2) the following new subparagraph:
"(J) sections 871(a) and 881 (relating to certain income of nonresident aliens and foreign corporations,", and
(v) by striking out "TAX LIABILITY" in the subsection heading and inserting in lieu thereof "REGULAR TAX LIABILITY".
(C) TENTATIVE MINIMUM TAX.--Subsection (c) of section 26 is amended to read as follows:
(2) CREDIT FOR CLINICAL TESTING EXPENSES.--Paragraph (2) of section 28(d) is amended to read as follows:
"(2) LIMITATION BASED ON AMOUNT OF TAX.--The credit allowed by this section for any taxable year shall not exceed the excess (if any) of--
"(A) the regular tax (reduced by the sum of the credits allowable under subpart A and section 27), over
"(B) the tentative minimum tax for the taxable year."
(3) CREDIT FOR PRODUCTION OF FUEL FROM NONCONVENTIONAL SOURCES.--Paragraph (5) of section 29(b) is amended to read as follows:
"(5) APPLICATION WITH OTHER CREDITS.--The credit allowed by subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed the excess (if any) of--
"(A) the regular tax for the taxable year reduced by the sum of the credits allowable under subpart A and sections 27 and 28, over
"(B) the tentative minimum tax for the taxable year."
(4) GENERAL BUSINESS CREDIT.--Subsection (c) of section 38 (relating to limitation based on amount of tax), as amended by section 631(a), is amended by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4), and by striking out paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The credit allowed under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed the lesser of--
"(A) the allowable portion of the taxpayer's net regular tax liability for the taxable year, or
"(B) the excess (if any) of the taxpayer's net regular tax liability for the taxable year over the tentative minimum tax for the taxable year.
"(2) ALLOWABLE PORTION OF NET REGULAR TAX LIABILITY.--For purposes of this subsection, the allowable portion of the taxpayer's net regular tax liability for the taxable year is the sum of--
"(A) so much of the taxpayer's net regular tax liability for the taxable year as does not exceed $25,000, plus
"(B) 75 percent of so much of the taxpayer's net regular tax liability for the taxable year as exceeds $25,000.
For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term 'net regular tax liability' means the regular tax liability reduced by the sum of the credits allowable under subparts A and B of this part.
"(3) REGULAR INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT MAY OFFSET 25 PERCENT OF MINIMUM TAX.--In the case of any C corporation, to the extent the credit under subsection (a) is attributable to the application of the regular percentage under section 46, the limitation of paragraph (1) shall be the greater of--
"(A) the lesser of--
"(i) the allowable portion of the taxpayer's net regular tax liability for the taxable year, or
"(ii) the excess (if any) of the taxpayer's net regular tax liability for the taxable year over 75 percent of the tentative minimum tax for the taxable year, or
"(B) 25 percent of the taxpayer's tentative minimum tax for the year."
In no event shall this paragraph permit the allowance of a credit which (in combination with the alternative tax net operating loss deduction and the alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit) would reduce the tax payable under section 55 below an amount equal to 10 percent of the amount which would be determined under section 55(b) without regard to the alternative tax net operating loss deduction and the alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit."
(d) ESTIMATED TAX PROVISIONS TO APPLY TO CORPORATE MINIMUM TAX.--
(1) Paragraph (1) of section 6154(c) is amended to read as follows:
"(1) The amount which the corporation estimates as the sum of--
"(A) the income tax imposed by section 11 or 1201(a), or subchapter L of chapter 1, whichever applies, and
"(B) the minimum tax imposed by section 55, over"
(2) Subparagraph (A) of section 6425(c)(1) is amended to read as follows:
"(A) The sum of--
"(i) the tax imposed by section 11 or 1201(a), or subchapter L of chapter 1, whichever is applicable, plus
"(ii) the tax imposed by section 55, over".
"(1) the sum of--
"(A) the tax imposed by section 11 or 1201(a), or subchapter L of chapter 1, whichever is applicable, plus
"(B) the tax imposed by section 55, over".
(1) APPLICATION OF SECTION 381.--Subsection (c) of section 381 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(27) CREDIT UNDER SECTION 53.--The acquiring corporation shall take into account (to the extent proper to carry out the purposes of this section and section 53, and under such regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary) the items required to be taken into account for purposes of section 53 in respect of the distributor or transferor corporation."
(2) LIMITATION IN CASE OF CONTROLLED CORPORATIONS.--Subsection (a) of section 1561 (relating to limitations on certain multiple tax benefits in the case of certain controlled corporations) is amended--
(A) by striking out "and" at the end of paragraph (1), by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting in lieu thereof ", and" and by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new paragraph:
"(3) one $40,000 exemption amount for purposes of computing the amount of the minimum tax.",
(B) by striking out "amounts specified in paragraph (1)" and inserting in lieu thereof "amounts specified in paragraph (1) (and the amount specified in paragraph (3))", and
(C) by adding at the end thereof the following new sentence: "In applying section 55(d)(3), the alternative minimum taxable income of all component members shall be taken into account and any decrease in the exemption amount shall be allocated to the component members in the same manner as under paragraph (3)."
(3) TREATMENT OF SHORT TAXABLE YEARS.--Subsection (d) of section 443 (relating to adjustment in computing minimum tax for tax preference) is amended to read as follows:
"(d) ADJUSTMENT IN COMPUTING MINIMUM TAX AND TAX PREFERENCES.--If a return is made for a short period by reason of subsection (a)--
"(1) the alternative minimum taxable income for the short period shall be placed on an annual basis by multiplying such amount by 12 and dividing the result by the number of months in the short period, and
"(2) the amount computed under paragraph (1) of section 55(a) shall bear the same relation to the tax computed on the annual basis as the number of months in the short period bears to 12."
(4) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.--
(A) Paragraph (4) of section 5(a) is amended to read as follows:
"(4) For alternative minimum tax, see section 55."
(B) Paragraph (7) of section 12 is amended to read as follows:
"(7) For alternative minimum tax. see section 55."
(C) Subparagraph (D) of section 48(d)(4) is amended by striking out "section 57(c)(1)(B)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 57(c)(1)(B) (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986)".
(D) Section 173(b), 174(e)(2), 263(c), and 1016(a)(24) (as redesignated by section 634(b)(2)) are each amended by striking out "section 58(i)" and inserting in lieu thereof "section 59(d)".
(E) Subsection (b) of section 703 (relating to elections of the partnership), as amended by title V, is amended by striking out paragraph (1) and by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as paragraphs (1) through (3), respectively.
(F) Paragraph (1) of section 882(a) (relating to imposition of tax on income of foreign corporations connected with United States business) is amended by striking out "or 1201(a)" and inserting in lieu thereof ", 55, or 1201(a)".
(G) So much of section 897(a)(2) as precedes subparagraph (B) thereof is amended to read as follows:
"(2) 21-PERCENT MINIMUM TAX ON NONRESIDENT ALIEN INDIVIDUALS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any nonresident alien individual, the amount determined under section 55(b)(1)(A) shall not be less than 21 percent of the lesser of--
"(i) the individual's alternative minimum taxable income (as defined in section 55(b)(2)) for the taxable year, or
"(ii) the individual's net United States real property gain for the taxable year."
(H) Paragraph (2) of section 904(i) (relating to cross references) is amended by striking out "by an individual" and all that follows and inserting in lieu thereof "against the alternative minimum tax, see section 59(a)."
(I) Paragraph (3) of section 936(a) is amended by striking out subparagraph (A) and by redesignating subparagraphs (B), (C), and (E) as subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), respectively.
(J) Subsection (a) of section 1363 is amended by striking out "and in section 58(d)".
(K) Paragraph (2) of section 1366(f) (relating to reduction in pass-thru for tax imposed on capital gain) is amended by striking out "56 or".
(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(2) ADJUSTMENT OF NET OPERATING LOSS.--
(A) INDIVIDUALS.--In the case of a net operating loss of an individual for a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1982, and before January 1, 1987, for purposes of determining the amount of such loss which may be carried to a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986, for purposes of the minimum tax, such loss shall be adjusted in the manner provided in section 55(d)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act.
(B) CORPORATIONS.--If the minimum tax of a corporation was deferred under section 56(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act) for any taxable year beginning before January 1, 1987, and the amount of such tax has not been paid for any taxable year beginning before January 1, 1987, the amount of the net operating loss carryovers of such corporation which may be carried to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986, for purposes of the minimum tax shall be reduced by the amount of tax preferences a tax on which was so deferred.
(3) INSTALLMENT SALES.--Section 56(a)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by this section) shall not apply to any disposition to which the amendments made by section 811 of this Act (relating to allocation of dealer's indebtedness to installment obligations) do not apply by reason of section 811(c)(2) of this Act.
(4) EXCEPTION FOR CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS BEFORE AUGUST 16, 1986.--Section 57(a)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by this section) shall not apply to any deduction attributable to contributions made before August 16, 1986.
(5) BOOK INCOME.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a corporation to which this paragraph applies, the amount of any increase for any taxable year under section 56(c)(1)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section) shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the excess (if any) of--
(i) 50 percent of the excess of taxable income for the 5-taxable year period ending with the taxable year preceding the 1st taxable year to which such section applies over the adjusted net book income for such period, over
(ii) the aggregate amounts taken into account under this paragraph for preceding taxable years.
(B) TAXPAYER TO WHOM PARAGRAPH APPLIES.--This paragraph applies to a taxpayer which was incorporated in Delaware on May 31, 1912.
(C) TERMS.--Any term used in this paragraph which is used in section 56 of such Code (as so added) shall have the same meaning as when used in such section.
(6) CERTAIN PUBLIC UTILITY.--
(A) In the case of investment tax credits described in subparagraph (B) or (C), subsection 38(c)(3)(A)(ii) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be applied by substituting "25 percent" for "75 percent", and section 38(c)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be applied by substituting "75 percent" for "25 percent".
(B) If, on September 25, 1985, a regulated electric utility owned an undivided interest, within the range of 1,111 and 1,149, in the "maximum dependable capacity, net, megawatts electric" of an electric generating unit located in Illinois or Mississippi for which a binding written contract was in effect on December 31, 1980, then any investment tax credit with respect to such unit shall be described in this subparagraph. The aggregate amount of investment tax credits with respect to such unit shall be described in this subparagraph.
(C) If, on September 25, 1985, a regulated electric utility owned an undivided interest, within the range of 1,104 and 1,111, in the "maximum dependable capacity, net, megawatts electric" of an electric generating unit located in Louisiana for which a binding written contract was in effect on December 31, 1980, then any investment tax credit of such electric utility shall be described in this subparagraph. The aggregate amount of investment tax credits allowed solely by reason of being described by this subparagraph shall not exceed $20,000,000.
The Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate shall conduct a study of the operation and effect of the provisions of sections 56(f) and 56(g) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
SEC. 801. LIMITATION ON USE OF CASH METHOD OF ACCOUNTING.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subpart A of part II of subchapter E of chapter 1 (relating to methods of accounting) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section:
"SEC. 448. LIMITATION ON USE OF CASH METHOD OF ACCOUNTING.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, in the case of a--
"(1) C corporation,
"(2) partnership which has a C corporation as a partner, or
"(3) tax shelter,
taxable income shall not be computed under the cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting.
"(b) EXCEPTIONS.--
"(1) FARMING BUSINESS.--Paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) shall not apply to any farming business.
"(2) QUALIFIED PERSONAL SERVICE CORPORATIONS.--Paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) shall not apply to a qualified personal service corporation, and such a corporation shall be treated as an individual for purposes of determining whether paragraph (2) of subsection (a) applies to any partnership.
"(3) ENTITIES WITH GROSS RECEIPTS OF NOT MORE THAN $5,000,000.--Paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) shall not apply to any corporation or partnership for any taxable year if, for all prior taxable years beginning after December 31, 1985, such entity (or any predecessor) met the $5,000,000 gross receipts test of subsection (c).
"(c) $5,000,000 GROSS RECEIPTS TEST.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--A corporation or partnership meets the $5,000,000 gross receipts test of this subsection for any prior taxable year if the average annual gross receipts of such entity for the 3-taxable-year period ending with such prior taxable year does not exceed $5,000,000.
"(2) AGGREGATION RULES.--All persons treated as a single employer under subsection (a) or (b) of section 52 or subsection (m) or (o) of section 414 shall be treated as one person for purposes of paragraph (1).
"(3) SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) NOT IN EXISTENCE FOR ENTIRE 3-YEAR PERIOD.--If the entity was not in existence for the entire 3-year period referred to in paragraph (1), such paragraph shall be applied on the basis of the period during which such entity (or trade or business) was in existence.
"(B) SHORT TAXABLE YEARS.--Gross receipts for any taxable year of less than 12 months shall be annualized by multiplying the gross receipts for the short period by 12 and dividing the result by the number of months in the short period.
"(C) GROSS RECEIPTS.--Gross receipts for any taxable year shall be reduced by returns and allowances made during such year.
"(1) FARMING BUSINESS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'farming business' means the trade or business of farming (within the meaning of section 263A(e)(4)).
"(B) TIMBER AND ORNAMENTAL TREES.--The term 'farming business' includes the raising, harvesting, or growing of trees to which section 263A(c)(5) applies.
"(2) QUALIFIED PERSONAL SERVICE CORPORATION.--The term 'qualified personal service corporation' means any corporation--
"(A) substantially all of the activities of which involve the performance of services in the fields of health, law, engineering, architecture, accounting, actuarial science, performing arts, or consulting, and
"(B) substantially all of the stock of which (by value) is held directly or indirectly by--
"(i) employees performing services for such corporation in connection with the activities involving a field referred to in subparagraph (A),
"(ii) retired employees who had performed such services for such corporation,
"(iii) the estate of any individual described in clause (i) or (ii), or
"(iv) any other person who acquired such stock by reason of the death of an individual described in clause (i) or (ii) (but only for the 2-year period beginning on the date of the death of such individual).
"(4) SPECIAL RULES FOR APPLICATION OF PARAGRAPH (2).--For purposes of paragraph (2)--
"(A) community property laws shall be disregarded,
"(B) stock held by a plan described in section 401(a) which is exempt from tax under section 501(a) shall be treated as held by an employee described in paragraph (2)(B)(i), and
"(C) at the election of the common parent of an affiliated group (within the meaning of section 1504(a)), all members of such group may be treated as 1 taxpayer for purposes of paragraph (2)(B) if substantially all of the activities of all such members involve the performance of services in the same field described in paragraph (2)(A).
"(5) SPECIAL RULE FOR SERVICES.--In the case of any person using an accrual method of accounting with respect to amounts to be received for the performance of services by such person, such person shall not be required to accrue any portion of such amounts which (on the basis of experience) will not be collected. This paragraph shall not apply to any amount if interest is required to be paid on such amount or there is any penalty for failure to timely pay such amount.
"(6) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN TRUSTS SUBJECT TO TAX ON UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME.--For purposes of this section, a trust subject to tax under section 511(b) shall be treated as a C corporation with respect to its activities constituting an unrelated trade or business.
"(7) COORDINATION WITH SECTION 481.--In the case of any taxpayer required by this section to change its method of accounting for any taxable year--
"(A) such change shall be treated as initiated by the taxpayer,
"(B) such change shall be treated as made with the consent of the Secretary, and
"(C) the period for taking into account the adjustments under section 481 by reason of such change--
"(i) except as provided in clause (ii), shall not exceed 4 years, and
"(ii) in the case of a hospital, shall be 10 years."
(1) IN GENERAL.--So much of section 461(i) as precedes paragraph (3) thereof is amended to read as follows:
"(i) SPECIAL RULES FOR TAX SHELTERS.--
"(1) RECURRING ITEM EXCEPTION NOT TO APPLY.--In the case of a tax shelter, economic performance shall be determined without regard to paragraph (3) of subsection (h).
"(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR SPUDDING OF OIL OR GAS WELLS.--In the case of a tax shelter, economic performance with respect to the act of drilling an oil or gas well shall be treated as having occurred within a taxable year if drilling of the well commences before the close of the 90th day after the close of the taxable year."
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Paragraph (4) of section 461(i) is amended to read as follows:
"(4) SPECIAL RULES FOR FARMING.--In the case of the trade or business of farming (as defined in section 464(e)), in determining whether an entity is a tax shelter, the definition of farming syndicate in section 464(c) shall be substituted for subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (3)."
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for subpart A of part II of subchapter E of chapter 1 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new item:
"Sec. 448. Limitation on use of cash method of accounting."
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(2) ELECTION TO RETAIN CASH METHOD FOR CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS.--A taxpayer may elect not to have the amendments made by this section apply to any loan or lease, or any transaction with a related party (within the meaning of section 267(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as in effect before the enactment of this Act), entered into on or before September 25, 1985. Any election under the preceding sentence may be made separately with respect to each transaction.
(3) CERTAIN CONTRACTS.--The amendments made by this section shall not apply to--
(A) contracts for the acquisition or transfer of real property, and
(B) contracts for services related to the acquisition or development of real property,
but only if such contracts were entered into before September 25, 1985, and the sole element of the contract which has not been performed as of September 25, 1985, is payment for such property or services.
(4) TREATMENT OF AFFILIATED GROUP PROVIDING ENGINEERING SERVICES.--Each member of an affiliated group of corporations (within the meaning of section 1504(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) shall be allowed to use the cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting for any trade or business of providing engineering services with respect to taxable years ending after December 31, 1986, if the common parent of such group--
(A) was incorporated in the State of Delaware in 1970,
(B) was the successor to a corporation that was incorporated in the State of Illinois in 1949, and
(C) used the completed contract method of accounting for a substantial part of its income from the performance of engineering services.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Section 474 (relating to election by certain small businesses to use one inventory pool) is amended to read as follows:
"SEC. 474. SIMPLIFIED DOLLAR-VALUE LIFO METHOD FOR CERTAIN SMALL BUSINESSES.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--An eligible small business may elect to use the simplified dollar-value method of pricing inventories for purposes of the LIFO method.
"(b) SIMPLIFIED DOLLAR-VALUE METHOD OF PRICING INVENTORIES.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The simplified dollar-value method of pricing inventories is a dollar-value method of pricing inventories under which--
"(A) the taxpayer maintains a separate inventory pool for items in each major category in the applicable Government price index, and
"(B) the adjustment for each such separate pool is based on the change from the preceding taxable year in the component of such index for the major category.
"(2) APPLICABLE GOVERNMENT PRICE INDEX.--The term 'applicable Government price index' means--
"(A) except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Producer Price Index published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, or
"(B) in the case of a retailer using the retail method, the Consumer Price Index published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
"(3) MAJOR CATEGORY.--The term 'major category' means--
"(A) in the case of the Producer Price Index, any of the 2-digit standard industrial classifications in the Producer Prices Data Report, or
"(B) in the case of the Consumer Price Index, any of the general expenditure categories in the Consumer Price Index Detailed Report.
"(d) SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) CONTROLLED GROUPS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a taxpayer which is a member of a controlled group, all persons which are component members of such group shall be treated as 1 taxpayer for purposes of determining the gross receipts of the taxpayer.
"(B) CONTROLLED GROUP DEFINED.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), persons shall be treated as being component members of a controlled group if such persons would be treated as a single employer under section 52.
"(2) ELECTION.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The election under this section may be made without the consent of the Secretary.
"(B) PERIOD TO WHICH ELECTION APPLIES.--The election under this section shall apply--
"(i) to the taxable year for which it is made, and
"(ii) to all subsequent taxable years for which the taxpayer is an eligible small business,
"(3) LIFO METHOD.--The term 'LIFO method' means the method provided by section 472(b).
"(4) TRANSITIONAL RULES.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of a year of change under this section--
"(i) the inventory pools shall--
"(I) in the case of the 1st taxable year to which such an election applies, be established in accordance with the major categories in the applicable Government price index, or
"(II) in the case of the 1st taxable year after such election ceases to apply, be established in the manner provided by regulations under section 472;
"(ii) the aggregate dollar amount of the taxpayer's inventory as of the beginning of the year of change shall be the same as the aggregate dollar value as of the close of the taxable year preceding the year of change, and
"(iii) the year of change shall be treated as a new base year in accordance with procedures provided by regulations under section 472.
"(B) YEAR OF CHANGE.--For purposes of this paragraph, the year of change under this section is--
"(i) the 1st taxable year to which an election under this section applies, or
"(ii) in the case of a cessation of such an election, the 1st taxable year after such election ceases to apply."
"Sec. 474. Simplified dollar-value LIFO method for certain small businesses."
(c) EFFECTIVE DATES.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(2) TREATMENT OF TAXPAYERS WHO MADE ELECTIONS UNDER EXISTING SECTION 474.--The amendments made by this section shall not apply to any taxpayer who made an election under section 474 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act) for any period during which such election is in effect. Notwithstanding any provision of such section 474 (as so in effect), an election under such section may be revoked without the consent of the Secretary.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Part IX of subchapter B of chapter 1 (relating to items not deductible) is amended by inserting after section 263 the following new section:
"SEC. 263A. CAPITALIZATION AND INCLUSION IN INVENTORY COSTS OF CERTAIN EXPENSES.
"(a) NONDEDUCTIBILITY OF CERTAIN DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any property to which this section applies, any costs described in paragraph (2)--
"(A) in the case of property which is inventory in the hands of the taxpayer, shall be included in inventory costs, and
"(B) in the case of any other property, shall be capitalized.
"(2) ALLOCABLE COSTS.--The costs described in this paragraph with respect to any property are--
"(A) the direct costs of such property, and
"(B) such property's proper share of those indirect costs (including taxes) part or all of which are allocable to such property.
"(1) PROPERTY PRODUCED BY TAXPAYER.--Real or tangible personal property produced by the taxpayer.
"(2) PROPERTY ACQUIRED FOR RESALE.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Real or personal property described in section 1221(l) which is acquired by the taxpayer for resale.
"(B) EXCEPTION FOR TAXPAYER WITH GROSS RECEIPTS OF $10,000,000 OR LESS.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any personal property acquired during any taxable year by the taxpayer for resale if the average annual gross receipts of the taxpayer (or any predecessor) for the 3-taxable year period ending with the taxable year preceding such taxable year do not exceed $10,000,000.
"(C) AGGREGATION RULES, ETC.--For purposes of subparagraph (B), rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 448(c) shall apply.
"(c) GENERAL EXCEPTIONS.--
"(1) PERSONAL USE PROPERTY.--This section shall not apply to any property produced by the taxpayer for use by the taxpayer other than in a trade or business or an activity conducted for profit.
"(2) RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL EXPENDITURES.--This section shall not apply to any amount allowable as a deduction under section 174.
"(3) CERTAIN DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER COSTS OF OIL AND GAS WELLS OR OTHER MINERAL PROPERTY.--This section shall not apply to any cost allowable as a deduction under section 263(c), 616(a), or 617(a).
"(4) COORDINATION WITH LONG-TERM CONTRACT RULES.--This section shall not apply to any property produced by the taxpayer pursuant to a long-term contract.
"(5) TIMBER AND CERTAIN ORNAMENTAL TREES.--This section shall not apply to--
"(A) trees raised, harvested, or grown by the taxpayer other than trees described in clause (ii) of subsection (e)(4)(B) (after application of the last sentence thereof), and
"(B) any real property underlying such trees.
"(1) SECTION TO APPLY ONLY IF PREPRODUCTIVE PERIOD IS MORE THAN 2 YEARS.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--This section shall not apply to any plant or animal which is produced by the taxpayer in a farming business and which has a preproductive period of 2 years or less.
"(B) EXCEPTION FOR TAXPAYERS REQUIRED TO USE ACCRUAL METHOD.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any corporation, partnership, or tax shelter required to use an accrual method of accounting under section 447 or 448(a)(3).
"(2) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN PLANTS LOST BY REASON OF CASUALTY.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If plants bearing an edible crop for human consumption were lost or damaged (while in the hands of the taxpayer) by reason of freezing temperatures, disease, drought, pests, or casualty, this section shall not apply to any costs of the taxpayer of replanting plants bearing the same type of crop (whether on the same parcel of land on which such lost or damaged plants were located or any other parcel of land of the same acreage in the United States).
"(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR PERSON WITH MINORITY INTEREST WHO MATERIALLY PARTICIPATES.--Subparagraph (A) shall apply to amounts paid or incurred by a person (other than the taxpayer described in subparagraph (A)) if--
"(i) the taxpayer described in subparagraph (A) has an equity interest of more than 50 percent in such grove, orchard, or vineyard, and
"(ii) such other person holds any part of the remaining equity interest and materially participates in the planting, maintenance, cultivation, or development of such grove, orchard, or vineyard during the 4-taxable year period beginning with the taxable year in which the grove, orchard or vineyard was lost or damaged.
"(3) ELECTION TO HAVE THIS SECTION NOT APPLY.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If a taxpayer makes an election under this paragraph, this section shall not apply to any plant or animal produced in any farming business carried on by such taxpayer.
"(B) CERTAIN PERSONS NOT ELIGIBLE.--No election may be made under this paragraph--
"(i) by a corporation, partnership, or tax shelter, if such corporation, partnership, or tax shelter is required to use an accrual method of accounting under section 447 or 448(a)(3), or
"(ii) with respect to the planting, cultivation, maintenance, or development of pistachio trees.
"(C) SPECIAL RULE FOR CITRUS AND ALMOND GROWERS.--An election under this paragraph shall not apply with respect to any item which is attributable to the planting, cultivation, maintenance, or development of any citrus or almond grove (or part thereof) and which is incurred before the close of the 4th taxable year beginning with the taxable year in which the trees were planted. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the portion of a citrus or almond grove planted in 1 taxable year shall be treated separately from the portion of such grove planted in another taxable year.
"(D) ELECTION.--Unless the Secretary otherwise consents, an election under this paragraph may be made only for the taxpayer's 1st taxable year which begins after December 31, 1986, and during which the taxpayer engages in a farming business. Any such election, once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary.
"(1) RECAPTURE OF EXPENSED AMOUNTS ON DISPOSITION.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any plant or animal with respect to which amounts would have been capitalized under subsection (a) but for an election under subsection (d)(3)--
"(i) such plant or animal (if not otherwise section 1245 property) shall be treated as section 1245 property, and
"(ii) for purposes of section 1245, the recapture amount shall be treated as a deduction allowed for depreciation with respect to such property.
"(B) RECAPTURE AMOUNT.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'recapture amount' means any amount allowable as a deduction to the taxpayer which, but for an election under subsection (d)(3), would have been capitalized with respect to the plant or animal.
"(2) EFFECTS OF ELECTION ON DEPRECIATION.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--If the taxpayer (or any related person) makes an election under subsection (d)(3), the provisions of section 168(g)(2) (relating to alternative depreciation) shall apply to all property of the taxpayer used predominantly in the farming business and placed in service in any taxable year during which any such election is in effect.
"(B) RELATED PERSON.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term 'related person' means--
"(i) the taxpayer and members of the taxpayer's family,
"(ii) any corporation (including an S corporation) if 50 percent or more (in value) of the stock of such corporation is owned (directly or through the application of section 318) by the taxpayer or members of the taxpayer's family,
"(iii) a corporation and any other corporation which is a member of the same controlled group described in section 1563(a)(1), and
"(iv) any partnership if 50 percent or more (in value) of the interests in such partnership is owned directly or indirectly by the taxpayer or members of the taxpayer's family.
"(C) MEMBERS OF FAMILY.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'family' means the taxpayer, the spouse of the taxpayer, and any of their children who have not attained age 18 before the close of the taxable year.
"(3) PREPRODUCTIVE PERIOD.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this section, the term 'preproductive period' means--
"(i) in the case of a plant or animal which will have more than 1 crop or yield, the period before the 1st marketable crop or yield from such plant or animal, or
"(ii) in the case of any other plant or animal, the period before such plant or animal is reasonably expected to be disposed of.
For purposes of this subparagraph, use by the taxpayer in a farming business of any supply produced in such business shall be treated as a disposition.
"(B) RULE FOR DETERMINING PERIOD.--In the case of a plant grown in commercial quantities in the United States, the preproductive period for such plant if grown in the United States shall be based on the nationwide weighted average preproductive period for such plant.
"(4) FARMING BUSINESS.--For purposes of this section--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--The term 'farming business' means the trade or business of farming.
"(B) CERTAIN TRADES AND BUSINESSES INCLUDED.--The term 'farming business' shall include the trade or business of--
"(i) operating a nursery or sod farm, or
"(ii) the raising or harvesting of trees bearing fruit, nuts, or other crops, or ornamental trees.
"(5) CERTAIN INVENTORY VALUATION METHODS PERMITTED.--The Secretary shall by regulations permit the taxpayer to use reasonable inventory valuation methods to compute the amount required to be capitalized under subsection (a) in the case of any plant or animal.
"(f) SPECIAL RULES FOR ALLOCATION OF INTEREST TO PROPERTY PRODUCED BY THE TAXPAYER.--
"(1) INTEREST CAPITALIZED ONLY IN CERTAIN CASES.--Subsection (a) shall only apply to interest costs which are--
"(A) paid or incurred during the production period, and
"(B) allocable to property which is described in subsection (b)(1) and which has--
"(i) a long useful life,
"(ii) an estimated production period exceeding 2 years, or
"(iii) an estimated production period exceeding 1 year and a cost exceeding $1,000,000.
"(A) IN GENERAL.--In determining the amount of interest required to be capitalized under subsection (a) with respect to any property--
"(i) interest on any indebtedness directly attributable to production expenditures with respect to such property shall be assigned to such property, and
"(ii) interest on any other indebtedness shall be assigned to such property to the extent that the taxpayer's interest costs could have been reduced if production expenditures (not attributable to indebtedness described in clause (i)) had not been incurred.
"(B) EXCEPTION FOR QUALIFIED RESIDENCE INTEREST.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any qualified residence interest (within the meaning of section 163(h)).
"(C) SPECIAL RULE FOR FLOW-THROUGH ENTITIES.--Except as provided in regulations, in the case of any flow-through entity, this paragraph shall be applied first at the entity level and then at the beneficiary level.
"(3) INTEREST RELATING TO PROPERTY USED TO PRODUCE PROPERTY.--This subsection shall apply to any interest on indebtedness incurred or continued in connection with property used to produce property to which this subsection applies to the extent such interest is allocable to the produced property.
"(4) DEFINITIONS.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) LONG USEFUL LIFE.--Property has a long useful life if such property is--
"(i) real property, or
"(ii) property with a class life of 20 years or more (as determined under section 168).
"(B) PRODUCTION PERIOD.--The term 'production period' means, when used with respect to any property, the period--
"(i) beginning on the date on which production of the property begins, and
"(ii) ending on the date on which the property is ready to be placed in service or is ready to be held for sale.
"(C) PRODUCTION EXPENDITURES.--The term 'production expenditures' means the costs (whether or not incurred during the production period) required to be capitalized under subsection (a) with respect to the property.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'produce' includes construct, build, install, manufacture, develop, or improve.
"(2) TREATMENT OF PROPERTY PRODUCED UNDER CONTRACT FOR THE TAXPAYER.--The taxpayer shall be treated as producing any property produced for the taxpayer under a contract with the taxpayer; except that only costs paid or incurred by the taxpayer (whether under such contract or otherwise) shall be taken into account in applying subsection (a) to the taxpayer.
"(h) REGULATIONS.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section, including--
"(1) regulations to prevent the use of related parties, passthru entities, or intermediaries to avoid the application of this section, and
"(2) regulations providing for simplified procedures for the application of this section in the case of property described in subsection (b)(2)."
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--
(1) Section 189 is hereby repealed.
(2)(A) Section 280 is hereby repealed.
(B) Paragraph (5) of section 48(r) (defining sound recording) is amended to read as follows:
"(5) SOUND RECORDING.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'sound recording' means works which result from the fixation of a series of musical, spoken, or other sounds, regardless of the nature of the material objects (such as discs, tapes, or other phonorecordings) in which such sounds are embodied."
(3) Section 312(n)(1) is amended--
(A) by striking out "(determined without regard to section 189) in subparagraph (B)", and
(B) by striking out subparagraph (C) and inserting in lieu thereof:
"(C) CONSTRUCTION PERIOD.--The term 'construction period' has the meaning given the term production period under section 263A(f)(4)(B)."
(4) Section 471 (relating to general rule for inventories) is amended--
(A) by striking out "Whenever" and inserting in lieu thereof "(a) GENERAL RULE.--Whenever", and
(B) by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"For rules relating to capitalization of direct and indirect costs of property, see section 263A."
(5) Section 267(e)(5)(D) is amended--
(A) by striking out "low-income housing (as defined in paragraph (5) of section 189(e))" and inserting "property described in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of section 1250(a)(1)(B)", and
(B) by striking out "low-income housing (as so defined)" and inserting "such property".
(6) Section 278 is hereby repealed.
(7)(A) Subsection (b) of section 447 is amended to read as follows:
"(b) PREPRODUCTIVE PERIOD OF EXPENSES.--
"For rules requiring capitalization of certain preproductive period of expenses, see section 263A."
(C) Section 447(g)(1) is amended by striking out "If" and inserting in lieu thereof "Notwithstanding subsection (a) or section 263A, if".
(8) Subsection (d) of section 464 is amended to read as follows:
"(d) EXCEPTION.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to any amount paid for supplies which are on hand at the close of the taxable year on account of fire, storm, or other casualty, or on account of disease or drought."
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.--
(1) The table of sections for part IX of subchapter B of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 278 and by inserting after the item relating to section 263 the following:
(3) The table of sections for part IX of subchapter B of chapter 1 is amended by striking out the item relating to section 280.
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in this subsection, the amendments made by this section shall apply to costs incurred after December 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date.
(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR INVENTORY PROPERTY.--In the case of any property which is inventory in the hands of the taxpayer--
(A) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(B) CHANGE IN METHOD OF ACCOUNTING.--If the taxpayer is required by the amendments made by this section to change its method of accounting with respect to such property for any taxable year--
(i) such change shall be treated as initiated by the taxpayer,
(ii) such change shall be treated as made with the consent of the Secretary, and
(iii) the period for taking into account the adjustments under section 481 by reason of such change shall not exceed 4 years.
(4) TRANSITIONAL RULE FOR CAPITALIZATION OF INTEREST AND TAXES.--
(A) TRANSITION PROPERTY EXEMPTED FROM INTEREST CAPITALIZATION.--Section 263A(f) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section) and the amendment made by subsection (b)(1) shall not apply to any property--
(i) to which the amendments made by section 201 do not apply by reason of sections 203(a)(1)(D) and (E) and 203(a)(5)(A), and
(ii) to which the amendments made by section 251 do not apply by reason of section 251(d)(3)(M).
(B) INTEREST AND TAXES.--Section 263A of such Code shall not apply to property described in the matter following subparagraph (B) of section 207(e)(2) of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 to the extent it would require the capitalization of interest and taxes paid or incurred in connection with such property which are not required to be capitalized under section 189 of such Code (as in effect before the amendment made by subsection (b)(1)).
(5) TRANSITION RULE CONCERNING CAPITALIZATION OF INVENTORY RULES.--In the case of a corporation which on the date of the enactment of this Act was a member of an affiliated group of corporations (within the meaning of section 1504(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), the parent of which--
(A) was incorporated in California on April 15, 1925,
(B) adopted LIFO accounting as of the close of the taxable year ended December 31, 1950, and
(C) was, on May 22, 1986, merged into a Delaware corporation incorporated on March 12, 1986,
the amendments made by this section shall apply under a cutoff method whereby the uniform capitalization rules are applied only in costing layers of inventory acquired during taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1987.
(6) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN REHABILITATION PROJECT.--The amendments made by this section shall not apply to interest and taxes paid or incurred with respect to the rehabilitation and conversion of a certified historic building which was formerly a factory into an apartment project with 155 units, 39 units of which are for low-income families, if the project was approved for annual interest assistance on June 10, 1986, by the housing authority of the State in which the project is located.
(7) SPECIAL RULE FOR CASUALTY LOSSES.--Section 263A(d)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section) shall apply to expenses incurred on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subpart B of part II of subchapter E of chapter 1 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section:
"SEC. 460. SPECIAL RULES FOR LONG-TERM CONTRACTS.
"(a) PERCENTAGE OF COMPLETION-CAPITALIZED COST METHOD.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--In the case of any long-term contract--
"(A) 40 percent of the items with respect to such contract shall be taken into account under the percentage of completion method (as modified by subsection (b)), and
"(B) 60 percent of the items with respect to such contract shall be taken into account under the taxpayer's normal method of accounting.
"(2) 40 PERCENT LOOK-BACK METHOD TO APPLY.--Upon completion of any long-term contract, the taxpayer shall pay (or shall be entitled to receive) interest determined by applying the lookback method of subsection (b)(3) to 40 percent of the items with respect to the contract.
"(b) PERCENTAGE OF COMPLETION METHOD.--
"(1) SUBSECTION (a) NOT TO APPLY WHERE PERCENTAGE OF COMPLETION METHOD USED.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to any long-term contract with respect to which amounts includible in gross income are determined under the percentage of completion method.
"(2) REQUIREMENTS OF PERCENTAGE OF COMPLETION METHOD.--In the case of any long-term contract with respect to which the percentage of completion method is used--
"(A) the percentage of completion shall be determined by comparing costs allocated to the contract under subsection (c) and incurred before the close of the taxable year with the estimated total contract costs, and
"(B) upon completion of the contract, the taxpayer shall pay (or shall be entitled to receive) interest computed under the look-back method of paragraph (3).
"(3) LOOK-BACK METHOD.--The interest computed under the look-back method of this subparagraph shall be determined by--
"(A) first allocating income under the contract among taxable years before the year in which the contract is completed on the basis of the actual contract price and costs instead of the estimated contract price and costs,
"(B) second, determining (solely for purposes of computing such interest) the overpayment or underpayment of tax for each taxable year referred to in paragraph (1) which would result solely from the application of paragraph (1), and
"(C) then using the overpayment rate established by section 6621, compounded daily, on the overpayment or underpayment determined under paragraph (1).
"(1) DIRECT AND CERTAIN INDIRECT COSTS.--In the case of a long-term contract, all costs (including research and experimental costs) which directly benefit, or are incurred by reason of, the long-term contract activities of the taxpayer shall be allocated to such contract in the same manner as costs are allocated to extended period long-term contracts under section 451 and the regulations thereunder.
"(2) COSTS IDENTIFIED UNDER COST-PLUS AND CERTAIN FEDERAL CONTRACTS.--In the case of a cost-plus long-term contract or a Federal long-term contract, any cost not allocated to such contract under paragraph (1) shall be allocated to such contract if such cost is identified by the taxpayer (or a related person), pursuant to the contract or Federal, State, or local law or regulation, as being attributable to such contract.
"(3) ALLOCATION OF PRODUCTION PERIOD INTEREST TO CONTRACT.--
"(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), in the case of a long-term contract, interest costs shall be allocated to the contract in the same manner as interest costs are allocated to property produced by the taxpayer under section 263A(f).
"(B) PRODUCTION PERIOD.--In applying section 263A(f) for purposes of subparagraph (A), the production period shall be the period--
"(i) beginning on the later of--
"(I) the contract commencement date, or
"(II) in the case of a taxpayer who uses an accrual method with respect to long-term contracts, the date by which at least 5 percent of the total estimated costs (including design and planning costs) under the contract have been incurred, and
"(ii) ending on the contract completion date.
"(C) APPLICATION OF DE MINIMIS RULE.--In applying section 263A(f) for purposes of subparagraph (A), paragraph (1)(B)(iii) of such section shall be applied on a contract-by-contract basis; except the in the case of a taxpayer described in subparagraph (B)(i)(II) of this paragraph, paragraph (1)(B)(iii) of section 263A(f) shall be applied on a property-by-property basis.
"(4) CERTAIN COSTS NOT INCLUDED.--This subsection shall not apply to any--
"(A) independent research and development expenses,
"(B) expenses for unsuccessful bids and proposals, and
"(C) marketing, selling, and advertising expenses.
"(5) INDEPENDENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES.--For purposes of paragraph (4), the term 'independent research and development expenses' means any expenses incurred in the performance of research or development, except that such term shall not include--
"(A) any expenses which are directly attributable to a long-term contract in existence when such expenses are incurred, or
"(B) any expenses under an agreement to perform research or development.
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'Federal long-term contract' means any long-term contract--
"(A) to which the United States (or any agency or instrumentality thereof) is a party, or
"(B) which is a subcontract under a contract described in subparagraph (A).
"(2) SPECIAL RULES FOR CERTAIN TAXABLE ENTITIES.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the rules of section 168(h)(2)(D) (relating to certain taxable entities not treated as instrumentalities) shall apply.
"(e) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--Subsections (a), (b), and (c)(1) and (2) shall not apply to any construction contract entered into by a taxpayer--
"(A) who estimates (at the time such contract is entered into) that such contract will be completed within the 2-year period beginning on the contract commencement date of such contract, and
"(B) whose average annual gross receipts for the 3 taxable years preceding the taxable year in which such contract is entered into do not exceed $10,000,000.
"(2) DETERMINATION OF TAXPAYER'S GROSS RECEIPTS.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the gross receipts of--
"(A) all trades or businesses (whether or not incorporated) which are under common control with the taxpayer (within the meaning of section 52(b)), and
"(B) all members of any controlled group of corporations of which the taxpayer is a member,
for the 3 taxable years of such persons preceding the taxable year in which the contract described in paragraph (1) is entered into shall be included in the gross receipts of the taxpayer for the period described in paragraph (1)(B). The Secretary shall prescribe regulations which provide attribution rules that take into account, in addition to the persons and entities described in the preceding sentence, taxpayers who engage in construction contracts through partnerships, joint ventures, and corporations.
"(3) CONTROLLED GROUP OF CORPORATIONS.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'controlled group of corporations' has the meaning given to such term by section 1563(a), except that--
"(A) 'more than 50 percent' shall be substituted for 'at least 80 percent' each place it appears in section 1563(a)(1), and
"(B) the determination shall be made without regard to subsections (a)(4) and (e)(3)(C) of section 1563.
"(4) CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'construction contract' means any contract for the building, construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation of, or the installation of any integral component to, or improvements of, real property.
"(f) LONG-TERM CONTRACT.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'long-term contract' means any contract for the manufacture, building, installation, or construction of property if such contract is not completed within the taxable year in which such contract is entered into.
"(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR MANUFACTURING CONTRACTS.--A contract for the manufacture of property shall not be treated as a long-term contract unless such contract involves the manufacture of--
"(A) any unique item of a type which is not normally included in the finished goods inventory of the taxpayer, or
"(B) any item which normally requires more than 12 calendar months to complete (without regard to the period of the contract).
"(3) AGGREGATION, ETC.--For purposes of this subsection, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary--
"(A) 2 or more contracts which are interdependent (by reason of pricing or otherwise) may be treated as 1 contract, and
"(B) a contract which is properly treated as an aggregation of separate contracts may be so treated.
(b) CHANGE IN REGULATIONS.--The Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate shall modify the income tax regulations relating to accounting for long-term contracts to carry out the provisions of section 460 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by subsection (a)).
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The table of sections for subpart B of part II of subchapter E of chapter 1 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new item:
"Sec. 460. Special rules for long-term contracts."
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to any contract entered into after February 28, 1986.
(2) CLARIFICATION OF TREATMENT OF INDEPENDENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--For periods before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act--
(i) any independent research and development expenses taken into account in determining the total contract price shall not be severable from the contract, and
(ii) any independent research and development expenses shall not be treated as amounts chargeable to capital account.
(B) INDEPENDENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term "independent research and development expenses" has the meaning given to such term by section 263A(c)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this section.
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Subsection (c) of section 166 (relating to reserve for bad debts) is hereby repealed.
(b) REPEAL OF RESERVE FOR CERTAIN GUARANTEED DEBT OBLIGATIONS.--Section 166 is amended by striking out subsection (f) and by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (f).
(c) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.--
(1)(A) Section 81 (relating to certain increases in suspense accounts) is amended to read as follows:
"There shall be included in gross income for the taxable year the amount of any increase in any suspense account for such taxable year required by paragraph (2)(B) of section 463(c) (relating to accrual of vacation pay)."
(3) Paragraph (7) of section 108(e) is amended by striking out subparagraph (B) and by redesignating subparagraphs (C), (D), (E), and (F) as subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E), respectively.
(4) Subparagraph (E) of section 108(e)(7) (as so redesignated) is amended by striking out "subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E)" and inserting in lieu thereof "the foregoing subparagraphs".
(5) Paragraph (5) of section 461(h) is amended by striking out subparagraph (A) and by redesignating subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) as subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), respectively.
(6) Subsection (b) of section 805 is amended by striking out paragraph (2) and by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), (5), and (6) as paragraphs (2), (3), (4), and (5), respectively.
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(2) CHANGE IN METHOD OF ACCOUNTING.--In the case of any taxpayer who maintained a reserve for bad debts for such taxpayer's last taxable year beginning before January 1, 1987, and who is required by the amendments made by this section to change its method of accounting for any taxable year--
(A) such change shall be treated as initiated by the taxpayer,
(B) such change shall be treated as made with the consent of the Secretary, and
(C) the net amount of adjustments required by section 481 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to be taken into account by the taxpayer shall--
(i) in the case of a taxpayer maintaining a reserve under section 166(f), be reduced by the balance in the suspense account under section 166(f)(4) of such Code as of the close of such last taxable year, and
(ii) be taken into account ratably in each of the first 4 taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(a) PARTNERSHIPS.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Paragraph (1) of section 706(b) (relating to partnership's taxable year) is amended to read as follows:
"(1) PARTNERSHIP'S TAXABLE YEAR.--
"(A) PARTNERSHIP TREATED AS TAXPAYER.--The taxable year of a partnership shall be determined as though the partnership were a taxpayer.
"(B) TAXABLE YEAR DETERMINED BY REFERENCE TO PARTNERS.--Except as provided in subparagraph (C), a partnership shall not have a taxable year other than--
"(i) the taxable year of 1 or more of its partners who have an aggregate interest in partnership profits and capital of greater than 50 percent,
"(ii) if there is no taxable year described in clause (i), the taxable year of all the principal partners of the partnership, or
"(iii) if there is no taxable year described in clause (i) or (ii), the calendar year or such other period as the Secretary may prescribe in regulations.
"(C) BUSINESS PURPOSE.--A partnership may have a taxable year not described in subparagraph (B) if it establishes, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, a business purpose therefor. For purposes of this subparagraph, any deferral of income to partners shall not be treated as a business purpose."
(2) DETERMINATION OF MAJORITY INTEREST.--Section 706(b) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
"(4) APPLICATION OF MAJORITY INTEREST RULE.--Clause (i) of paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply to any taxable year of a partnership unless the period which constitutes the taxable year of 1 or more of its partners who have an aggregate interest in partnership profits and capital of greater than 50 percent has been the same for--
"(A) the 3-taxable year period of such partner or partners ending on or before the beginning of such taxable year of the partnership, or
"(B) if the partnership has not been in existence during all of such 3-taxable year period, the taxable years of such partner or partners ending with or within the period of existence.
This paragraph shall apply without regard to whether the same partners or interests are taken into account in determining the 50 percent interest during any period."
(3) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--The heading for section 706(b) is amended by striking out "ADOPTION OF".
(b) S CORPORATION.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 1378(a) (relating to taxable year of S corporation) is amended to read as follows:
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--For purposes of this subtitle, the taxable year of an S corporation shall be a permitted year."
(2) BUSINESS PURPOSE.--Section 1378(b) (defining permitted year) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new flush sentence:
"For purposes of paragraph (2), any deferral of income to shareholders shall not be treated as a business purpose."
(3) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Section 1378 is amended by striking out subsection (c).
(c) PERSONAL SERVICE CORPORATION.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Section 441 (relating to period for computation of taxable income) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
"(i) TAXABLE YEAR OF PERSONAL SERVICE CORPORATIONS.--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--For purposes of this subtitle, the taxable year of any personal service corporation shall be the calendar year unless the corporation establishes, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, a business purpose for having a different period for its taxable year. For purposes of this paragraph, any deferral of income to shareholders shall not be treated as a business purpose.
"(2) PERSONAL SERVICE CORPORATION.--For purposes of this subsection, the term 'personal service corporation' has the meaning given such term by section 269A(b)(1), except that section 269A(b)(2) shall be applied--
"(A) by substituting 'any' for 'more than 10 percent', and
"(B) by substituting 'any for '50 percent or more in value in section 318(a)(2)(C)."
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.--Section 267(a) (relating to matching of deduction and payee income in the case of expenses and interest) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new sentence:
"For purposes of this paragraph, in the case of a personal service corporation (within the meaning of section 441(i)(2)), such corporation and any employee-owner (within the meaning of section 269A(b)(2), as modified by section 441(i)(2)) shall be treated as persons specified in subsection (b)."
(d) COORDINATION WITH 52-53 WEEK PERIOD.--Section 441(f) (relating to election of year consisting of 52-53 weeks) is amended by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4) and by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new paragraph:
"(3) SPECIAL RULE FOR PARTNERSHIPS, S CORPORATIONS, AND PERSONAL SERVICE CORPORATIONS.--The Secretary may by regulation provide terms and conditions for the application of this subsection to a partnership, S corporation, or personal service corporation (within the meaning of section 441(i)(2))."
(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.
(2) CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PERIOD.--In the case of any taxpayer required by the amendments made by this section to change its accounting period for any taxable year--
(A) such change shall be treated as initiated by the taxpayer,
(B) such change shall be treated as having been made with the consent of the Secretary, and
(C) with respect to any partner or shareholder of an S corporation which is required to include the items from more than 1 taxable year of the partnership or S corporation in any 1 taxable year, income in excess of expenses of such partnership or corporation for the short taxable year required by such amendments shall be taken into account ratably in each of the first 4 taxable years (including such short taxable year) beginning after December 31, 1986, unless such partner or shareholder elects to include all such income in the short taxable year.
Subparagraph (C) shall apply to a shareholder of an S corporation only if such corporation was an S corporation for a taxable year beginning in 1986.
SEC. 811. ALLOCATION OF INDEBTEDNESS AS PAYMENT ON INSTALLMENT OBLIGATION.
(a) IN GENERAL.--Subpart B of part II of subchapter E of chapter 1 (relating to taxable year for which item of gross income included) is amended by inserting after section 453B the following new section:
"SEC. 453C. CERTAIN INDEBTEDNESS TREATED AS PAYMENT ON INSTALLMENT OBLIGATIONS.
"(a) GENERAL RULE.--For purposes of sections 453 and 453A, if a taxpayer has allocable installment indebtedness for any taxable year, such indebtedness--
"(1) shall be allocated on a pro rata basis to any applicable installment obligation of the taxpayer which--
"(A) arises in such taxable year, and
"(B) is outstanding as of the close of such taxable year, and
"(2) shall be treated as a payment received on such obligation as of the close of such taxable year.
"(b) ALLOCABLE INSTALLMENT INDEBTEDNESS.--For purposes of this section--
"(1) IN GENERAL.--The term 'allocable installment indebtedness' means, with respect to any taxable year, the excess (if any) of--
"(A) the installment percentage of the taxpayer's average quarterly indebtedness for such taxable year, over
"(B) the aggregate amount treated as allocable installment indebtedness with respect to applicable installment obligations which--
"(i) are outstanding as of the close of such taxable year, but
"(ii) did not arise during such taxable year.
"(A) the face amount of all applicable installment obligations of the taxpayer outstanding as of the close of the taxable year, by
"(B) the sum of--
"(i) the aggregate adjusted bases of all assets not described in clause (ii) held as of the close of the taxable year, and
"(ii) the face amount of all installment obligations outstanding as of such time.
"(3) SPECIAL RULES FOR PERSONAL USE PROPERTY.--For purposes of this subsection--
"(A) for purposes of paragraph (2)(B), there shall not be taken into account any personal use property (within the meaning of section 1275(b)(3)) held by an individual or any installment obligation arising from the sale of such property, and
"(B) for purposes of computing the taxpayer's average quarterly indebtedness under paragraph (1)(A), there shall not be taken into account any indebtedness with respect to which substantially all of the property securing such indebtedness is property described in subparagraph (A).
"(4) SPECIAL RULE FOR CASUAL SALES.--If the taxpayer has no applicable installment obligations described in subclause (I) or (II) of subsection (e)(1)(A)(i) outstanding at any time during the taxable year, then the taxpayer's allocable installment indebtedness for such taxable year shall be computed by using the taxpayer's indebtedness as of the close of such taxable year in lieu of the taxpayer's average quarterly indebtedness.
"(c) TREATMENT OF SUBSEQUENT PAYMENTS.--
"(1) PAYMENTS TREATED AS RECEIPT OF TAX PAID AMOUNTS.--If any amount is treated as received under subsection (a) (after application of subsection (d)(2)) with respect to any applicable installment obligation, subsequent payments received on such obligation shall not be taken into account for purposes of sections 453 and 453A to the extent that the aggregate amount of such subsequent payments does not exceed the aggregate amount treated as received on such obligation under subsection (a).
"(2) REDUCTION OF ALLOCABLE INSTALLMENT INDEBTEDNESS.--For purposes of applying subsection (b)(1)(B) f